The Influence of Institutional Differences on Control Mechanisms in Alliances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei ZENG ◽  
Anne M Lillis ◽  
Jennifer Grafton ◽  
Henri C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Formal Controls ◽  
The Impact

Cross-border alliances expose firms to heightened risks, posing different governance and control challenges than domestic alliances. We examine the impact of differences in alliance partner countries' institutional environments. Analysis of survey data supports our contention that cross-border alliances involve a greater reliance on formal controls, particularly when firms collaborate with partners in countries with a weaker institutional environment. These relations exist regardless of governance structure (i.e., equity or nonequity alliance) that prior research considers a critical choice for addressing cross-border alliance risks. Additional analyses show that four sub-dimensions of institutional characteristics (voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) and one sub-dimension of formal controls (behavior controls) are the main drivers in the association between institutional distance and reliance on formal controls. These findings demonstrate the distinct impact of institutional environment as a country-level determinant of alliance control choices.

Sovereignty@Bay

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kobrin
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
State System ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
State Relations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inter State

This article is concerned with only one aspect of the vast literature on MNE–state relations: the impact of the MNE on sovereignty, autonomy, and control. It argues that the mainstream literature of the sovereignty at bay era did not predict the end of the nation-state or conclude that sovereignty is critically compromised either in theory or practice. In fact, while the terms ‘sovereignty’, autonomy', and ‘control’ appear frequently in these discussions, they are rarely defined or even used precisely. At the end of the day MNEs are international or cross-border entities which are of the existing inter-state system firmly rooted in national territorial jurisdiction. The problems posed by the traditional MNE for both states and the inter-state system tend to involve issues of jurisdictional asymmetry, jurisdictional overlap and control, rather than sovereignty in its formal sense. The hierarchical or Fordist structure of the traditional MNE reinforces the core values of the modern international political system: state sovereignty and mutually exclusive territoriality.

The influence of behavioural and organisational characteristics on the success of international strategic alliances

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleema Kauser ◽  
Vivienne Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Alliance Performance ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
International Strategic Alliances ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

With the current trend toward globalisation and the increasing competitive and technological challenges of today's environment the formation of international strategic alliances has become an important part of many firm's international business strategies. Experience with international strategic alliances has shown that they face a number of problems, which can often result in the termination of the alliance. This study, therefore, aims to assess the impact of both behavioural and organisational characteristics on the success of international strategic alliances. The results show that behavioural characteristics play a more significant role in explaining overall alliance performance compared to organisational characteristics. High levels of commitment, trust, coordination, interdependence and communication are found to be good predictors of international strategic alliance success. Conflict, meanwhile, is found to hamper good performance. By contrast organisational characteristics such as structure and control mechanisms are found not to strongly influence the success of international strategic alliances.

scholarly journals IMPACT of the ECONOMIC CRISIS on Smes (SMALL and MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES): a GENERAL EVALUATION on Smes in TURKEY

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktay Aktürk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Country Level ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Impact

Liberalization taking place in the global capital and financial market in recent years and correspondingly the lack of adequate control mechanisms have caused economic crisis at global, regional and country level. While the crises have affected the overall economy, the greatest negative impact has been observed on SMEs. Considering the share of SMEs in total initiatives and employment in worldwide economy, it is seen that they are key points for economies. In this respect, the determination and analysis of the impact of economic crisis on SMEs are very important for a healthy economic development. Starting with this point, in ttis study, especially in the context of recent global crisis, a general assessment on economic crisis has been made and the position of SMEs in the economic structure, the effect of crisis on SMEs has been tried to put forward especially on the basis of Turkey. Several scientific studies and statistical data conducted on SMEs and economic crisis have been examined for this purpose.

scholarly journals The impact of British public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Abigail Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The main focus of this study is to determine the impact of public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946. This involves understanding the scope of the relationships that were had and how race determined the way women who fraternised with US troops were portrayed to the public. Its primary aim is to provide new understanding of a subject that is under researched in Gloucestershire. Much attention has been given to the presence and impact of American soldiers in the Britain during the Second World War. However, no study has directly focused on Gloucestershire. This thesis also aims to understand if public opinion regarding women’s relationships with American soldiers impacted their sexual agency. Two main methods are used, the textual analysis of primary sources and the use of oral history accounts. The research reveals that sexual relationships with American soldiers added to the existing apprehension that surrounded female sexuality. Many local women had relationships with American soldiers, which aggravated some members of the public and the local authorities, especially if the soldier was black. Young working-class girls and women were particularly singled out for their immoral behaviour towards the US troops. The research also reveals that women in Gloucestershire expressed indifference and defiance towards the often-disapproving public opinion and control mechanisms implemented to influence the sexual agency of women. This thesis contributes to women’s history in Gloucestershire, uncovering a period of the county’s history that until now has not been researched.

scholarly journals A Perturbation Platform System for Balance Testing and Rehabilitation Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Pew ◽  
Soroosh Sadeh ◽  
Richard R. Neptune ◽  
Hao-Yuan Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Balance Testing ◽  
Portable System ◽  
Platform System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Falling is a leading cause of injury and death in the United States. Researchers and clinicians strive to identify and rehabilitate those at risk of falling in order to mitigate the impact of fall events and prevent future falls. Recently, perturbation-based balance testing and interventions have received increased attention, partly because reactive postural control responses triggered by perturbations are important for balance recovery during actual falls. However, current systems are limited by the need for multiple individuals to operate the device, downtime between trials to reset the perturbation and/or single mode functionality. To this end, we have developed a Perturbation Platform System that can induce perturbations in both vertical and angled directions. Results The system consists of two box platforms that can individually perform straight (25.4 mm, 50.8 mm and 76.2 mm) and angled (5°, 10°, and 15°) height changes while an individual is standing or walking overground. In addition, the system can automatically reset to the original position following perturbation. The platform achieves peak downward accelerations of 5.41 m/s2 during drop events that simulate sudden changes in foot-contact surfaces. Conclusions The novel system can be used in a laboratory setting to better understand balance response and control mechanisms. In addition, this portable system can be used in a clinical or home setting to provide perturbation-based balance exercises that aim to improve balance and mobility.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effects of Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Based View: A Technological Alliance Motivational Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Alliance Partners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alliance Governance

<p>This paper examines the impact of two main alliance motivation theories, transaction cost economics (TCE) and resource based view (RBV), on alliance processes among Korean manufacturing high-tech ventures. Results show that TCE and RBV are complimentarily explaining the formation of inter-firm alliances. TCE variables are more related with alliance partner characteristics while RBV is more linked with partner capabilities. Both show positive effects on performance. No significant effect is found on determining an alliance governance structure. While selecting appropriate technological alliance partners show positive effects on performance, no significant effect is found between alliance governance structure and performance. Factors of both theories impacting each alliance stage and analytical explanations of such impacts are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Bank Performance, Risk and Economic Growth: Role of Financial Innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Test Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

 The purpose of study is to examine the impact of financial innovation on bank performance, risk and economic growth in Pakistan. To test study hypotheses, bank level and country level variables are used. Time period of study is 14 years from 2000 to 2013. Data are collected from World Bank, Global Economy, State Bank of Pakistan, Bank Scope databases and Economic Survey of Pakistan. We use correlation matrix and ordinary least square techniques for evaluation. According to hypotheses, we also develop three econometric models to test relationship between depend and independent and control variables. By controlling different variable in model 1, we found positive and statistically significant impact of financial innovation on bank performance. Moreover in model 2 after controlling various bank level indicators we found that financial innovation minimize the risk of bankruptcy. Farther we utilize model 3 to evaluate the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. Results indicate positive and statistically significant relationship between financial innovation and economic growth.

scholarly journals PRODUCT LAUNCH PERFORMANCE IN HI-TECH SMEs: NEWNESS TO THE FIRM AND THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750022
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER WILLIAMS ◽  
SANDER VAN TRIEST
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Informal Controls ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Controls ◽  
Product Launches ◽  
Formal Controls ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the impact of management control mechanisms on the success of new product launches in high-technology small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We argue that internal management controls will alleviate problems associated with product newness. Using survey data from 76 SMEs we find newness to the firm to be negatively related to product launch success, while the use of informal and formal controls have positive effects. Furthermore, informal controls within the SME moderate the negative relationship between newness and launch success. The results add to the debate on the impact of control mechanisms on innovative activities in SMEs.

scholarly journals Connected Play in Virtual Worlds: Communication and Control Mechanisms in Virtual Worlds for Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yao Du ◽  
Thomas D. Grace ◽  
Krithika Jagannath ◽  
Katie Salen-Tekinbas
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Platform Comparison ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Technology plays an essential role in shaping youth’s communication and social interactions in online multiplayer games. Due to physical distancing restrictions during the COVID-19 global pandemic, online multiplayer games like Minecraft and Roblox are well-positioned to amplify healthy communication/social connections and mitigate the impact of social isolation. Research so far has been focused on how these gaming environments support youth development from the perspectives of individual stakeholders (e.g., caregivers, educators, designers, and developers). However, features of these games, such as communication and parental controls, are often misaligned with the ways in which children develop communication and social skills. Using a series of case studies of popular virtual worlds and online games, this paper provides an analysis of critical design features that serve youth throughout different stages of childhood and early adolescence. We offer three main contributions: (a) a comparison matrix of similarities and differences in communication and control features between platforms; (b) an evaluation of design features in selected virtual world platforms that promote safe and positive social interactions; and (c) a method for cross-platform comparison aimed at helping researchers, designers, and practitioners examine specific dimensions of social communication and play experience in virtual worlds.

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