High-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from bone marrow transplant patients: accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes, large plasmids and clonal strain dissemination

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Wafa Achour ◽  
Assia Ben Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Clonal Strain ◽  
Large Plasmids ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Cotransfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and a hylEfm-Containing Virulence Plasmid in Enterococcus faecium

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4240-4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Arias ◽  
Diana Panesso ◽  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Louis B. Rice ◽  
Barbara E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The hylEfm gene (encoding a putative hyaluronidase) has been found almost exclusively in Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates, and recently, it was shown to be on a plasmid which increased the ability of E. faecium strains to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, the results of mating experiments between hylEfm -containing strains of E. faecium belonging to clonal cluster 17 and isolated in the United States and Colombia indicated that the hylEfm gene of these strains is also carried on large plasmids (>145 kb) which we showed transfer readily from clinical strains to E. faecium hosts. Cotransfer of resistance to vancomycin and high-level resistance (HLR) to aminoglycosides (gentamicin and streptomycin) and erythromycin was also observed. The vanA gene cluster and gentamicin resistance determinants were genetically linked to hylEfm , whereas erm(B) and ant(6)-I, conferring macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance and HLR to streptomycin, respectively, were not. A hylEfm -positive transconjugant resulting from a mating between a well-characterized endocarditis strain [TX0016 (DO)] and a derivative of a fecal strain of E. faecium from a healthy human volunteer (TX1330RF) exhibited increased virulence in a mouse peritonitis model. These results indicate that E. faecium strains use a strategy which involves the recruitment into the same genetic unit of antibiotic resistance genes and determinants that increase the ability to produce disease. Our findings indicate that the acquisition of the hylEfm plasmids may explain, at least in part, the recent successful emergence of some E. faecium strains as nosocomial pathogens.

scholarly journals Novel Soil-Derived Beta-Lactam, Chloramphenicol, Fosfomycin and Trimethoprim Resistance Genes Revealed by Functional Metagenomics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Inka Marie Willms ◽  
Maja Grote ◽  
Melissa Kocatürk ◽  
Lukas Singhoff ◽  
Alina Andrea Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Functional Metagenomics ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Efflux

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil are considered to represent one of the largest environmental resistomes on our planet. As these genes can potentially be disseminated among microorganisms via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and in some cases are acquired by clinical pathogens, knowledge about their diversity, mobility and encoded resistance spectra gained increasing public attention. This knowledge offers opportunities with respect to improved risk prediction and development of strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance, and might help to direct the design of novel antibiotics, before further resistances reach hospital settings or the animal sector. Here, metagenomic libraries, which comprise genes of cultivated microorganisms, but, importantly, also those carried by the uncultured microbial majority, were screened for novel ARGs from forest and grassland soils. We detected three new beta-lactam, a so far unknown chloramphenicol, a novel fosfomycin, as well as three previously undiscovered trimethoprim resistance genes. These ARGs were derived from phylogenetically diverse soil bacteria and predicted to encode antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic efflux, or alternative variants of target enzymes. Moreover, deduced gene products show a minimum identity of ~21% to reference database entries and confer high-level resistance. This highlights the vast potential of functional metagenomics for the discovery of novel ARGs from soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Improved Electrotransformation and Decreased Antibiotic Resistance of the Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia Strain J2315

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Dubarry ◽  
Wenli Du ◽  
David Lane ◽  
Franck Pasta
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
The Poor ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia is pathogenic for sufferers from cystic fibrosis (CF) and certain immunocompromised conditions. The B. cenocepacia strain most frequently isolated from CF patients, and which serves as the reference for CF epidemiology, is J2315. The J2315 genome is split into three chromosomes and one plasmid. The strain was sequenced several years ago, and its annotation has been released recently. This information should allow genetic experimentation with J2315, but two major impediments appear: the poor potential of J2315 to act as a recipient in transformation and conjugation and the high level of resistance it mounts to nearly all antibiotics. Here, we describe modifications to the standard electroporation procedure that allow routine transformation of J2315 by DNA. In addition, we show that deletion of an efflux pump gene and addition of spermine to the medium enhance the sensitivity of J2315 to certain commonly used antibiotics and so allow a wider range of antibiotic resistance genes to be used for selection.

scholarly journals Detection of Variants of the pRAS3, pAB5S9, and pSN254 Plasmids in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: Multidrug Resistance, Interspecies Exchanges, and Plasmid Reshaping

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 7367-7374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony T. Vincent ◽  
Mélanie V. Trudel ◽  
Valérie E. Paquet ◽  
Brian Boyle ◽  
Katherine H. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThe ubiquitous water-borne Gram-negative bacteriumAeromonas salmonicidasubsp.salmonicidais the causative agent of furunculosis, a worldwide disease in fish farms. Plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes have already been described for this bacterium. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize additional multidrug resistance plasmids inA. salmonicidasubsp.salmonicida. We sequenced the plasmids present in two multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates using high-throughput technologies. We also investigated 19 other isolates with various multidrug resistance profiles by genotyping PCR and assessed their resistance to tetracycline. We identified variants of the pAB5S9 and pSN254 plasmids that carry several antibiotic resistance genes and that have been previously reported in bacteria other thanA. salmonicidasubsp.salmonicida, which suggests a high level of interspecies exchange. Genotyping analyses and the antibiotic resistance profiles of the 19 other isolates support the idea that multiple versions of pAB5S9 and pSN254 exist inA. salmonicidasubsp.salmonicida. We also identified variants of the pRAS3 plasmid. The present study revealed thatA. salmonicidasubsp.salmonicidaharbors a wide variety of plasmids, which suggests that this ubiquitous bacterium may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance profiles in cultivable microbiota isolated from some romanian natural fishery lakes included in Natura 2000 network

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Lazăr ◽  
Irina Gheorghe ◽  
Carmen Curutiu ◽  
Ioana Savin ◽  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background The present study aims the characterization of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and encoding genes in bacterial strains isolated from some Romanian aquatic fishery lowland salted lakes. Material/Methods This study was conducted on 44 bacterial strains, mainly belonging to species used as microbiological indicators of fecal pollution isolated from four natural fishery lakes. All strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Simplex and multiplex PCR were performed to identify the β-lactams antibiotic resistance genes (blaNMD, blaOXA−48, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaCTX−M, blaTEM), sulfonamides (Sul1, Sul2), tetracyclines (TetA, TetB, TetC, TetD, TetM), aminoglycosides (aac3Ia), vancomycin (VanA, VanB, VanC), macrolides (ermA, ermB, ermC) as well as the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) markers (QnrA, QnrB, QnrS), and class 1 integrons (Int1, drfA1-aadA1). Results The Enterococcus spp. isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance to vancomycin (35 %) and macrolides (erythromycin) (75 %); from the vancomycin – resistant strains, 5 % harboured VanA (E. faecalis), while the erythromycin resistant isolates were positive for the ermA gene (E. faecalis − 10 %, E. faecium − 5 %). The Gram- negative rods (GNR) exhibited a high level of resistance to β-lactams: cefuroxime (63 %), cefazolin (42 %), ceftriaxone (8 %), ceftazidime and aztreonam (4 % each). The genetic determinants for beta-lactam resistance were represented by blaCTX−M−like (33 %), blaNDM−like and blaIMP−like (8.33 %) genes. The resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was ascertained to the following genes: quinolones (QnrS − 4.16 %); sulfonamides (Sul1–75 %, Sul2–4.16 %); aminoglycosides (aac3Ia − 4.16 %); tetracyclines (tetA – 25 %, tetC − 15 %). The integrase gene was found in more than 50 % of the studied strains (58.33 %). Conclusions The cultivable aquatic microbiota from fishery lakes is dominated by enterococci and Enterobacterales strains. The GNR strains exhibited high levels of β-lactam resistance mediated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases. The Enterococcus sp. isolates were highly resistant to macrolides and vancomycin. The high level and diversity of resistance markers, correlated with a high frequency of integrons is suggesting that this environment could act as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes with a great probability to be horizontally transmitted to other associated species from the aquatic sediments microbiota, raising the potential zoonotic risk for fish consumers.

scholarly journals The higBA- Type Toxin-Antitoxin System in IncC Plasmids Is a Mobilizable Ciprofloxacin-Inducible System

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Qi ◽  
Muhammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Jonathan R. Iredell
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Large Plasmids

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems play vital roles in maintaining plasmids in bacteria. Plasmids with incompatibility group C are large plasmids that disseminate via conjugation and carry high-profile antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Culturing Ancient Bacteria Carrying Resistance Genes from Permafrost and Comparative Genomics with Modern Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Pamela Afouda ◽  
Grégory Dubourg ◽  
Anthony Levasseur ◽  
Pierre-Edouard Fournier ◽  
Jeremy Delerce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
High Level

Long considered to be a consequence of human antibiotics use by deduction, antibiotic resistance mechanisms appear to be in fact a much older phenomenon as antibiotic resistance genes have previously been detected from millions of year-old permafrost samples. As these specimens guarantee the viability of archaic bacteria, we herein propose to apply the culturomics approach to recover the bacterial content of a Siberian permafrost sample dated, using the in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclide chlorine36 (36Cl), at 2.7 million years to study the dynamics of bacterial evolution in an evolutionary perspective. As a result, we cultured and sequenced the genomes of 28 ancient bacterial species including one new species. To perform genome comparison between permafrost strains and modern isolates we selected 7 of these species (i.e., Achromobacter insolitus, Bacillus idriensis, Brevundimonas aurantiaca, Janibacter melonis, Kocuria rhizophila, Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans and Paracoccus yeei). We observed a high level of variability in genomic content with a percentage of shared genes in the core genomes ranging from 21.23% to 55.59%. In addition, the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) comparison between permafrost and modern strains for the same species did not allow a dating of ancient strains based on genomic content. There were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance profiles between modern and ancient isolates of each species. Acquired resistance to antibiotics was phenotypically detected in all gram-negative bacterial species recovered from permafrost, with a significant number of genes coding for antibiotic resistance detected. Taken together, these findings confirm previously obtained data that antibiotic resistance predates humanity as most of antimicrobial agents are natural weapons used in inter-microbial conflicts within the biosphere.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium from the USA and Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3445-3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E Wardenburg ◽  
Robert F Potter ◽  
Alaric W D’Souza ◽  
Tahir Hussain ◽  
Meghan A Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract Objectives Linezolid is an important therapeutic option for the treatment of infections caused by VRE. Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial and resistance to this antimicrobial agent remains relatively rare. As a result, data on the comparative genomics of linezolid resistance determinants in Enterococcus faecium are relatively sparse. Methods To address this knowledge gap in E. faecium, we deployed phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and Illumina WGS on hospital surface (environmental) and clinical isolates from the USA and Pakistan. Results We found complete concordance between isolate source country and mechanism of linezolid resistance, with all the US isolates possessing a 23S rRNA gene mutation and the Pakistan isolates harbouring two to three acquired antibiotic resistance genes. These resistance genes include the recently elucidated efflux-pump genes optrA and poxtA and a novel cfr-like variant. Although there was no difference in the linezolid MIC between the US and Pakistan isolates, there was a significant difference in the geometric mean of the MIC between the Pakistan isolates that had two versus three of the acquired antibiotic resistance genes. In five of the Pakistan E. faecium that possessed all three of the resistance genes, we found no difference in the local genetic context of poxtA and the cfr-like gene, but we identified different genetic contexts surrounding optrA. Conclusions These results demonstrate that E. faecium from different geographical regions employ alternative strategies to counter selective pressure of increasing clinical linezolid use.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetland Revealed Efficient Sulfamethoxazole Removal but Enhanced the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Yu-Xiang Lu ◽  
Jia-Jie Zhang ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Hai-Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Constructed wetlands (CWs) could achieve high removal efficiency of antibiotics, but probably stimulate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, four CWs were established to treat synthetic wastewater containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX). SMX elimination efficiencies, SMX degradation mechanisms, dynamic fates of ARGs, and bacterial communities were evaluated during the treatment period (360 day). Throughout the whole study, the concentration of SMX in the effluent gradually increased (p < 0.05), but in general, the removal efficiency of SMX remained at a very high level (>98%). In addition, the concentration of SMX in the bottom layer was higher compared with that in the surface layer. The main byproducts of SMX degradation were found to be 4-amino benzene sulfinic acid, 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole, benzenethiol, and 3-hydroxybutan-1-aminium. Temporally speaking, an obvious increase of sul genes was observed, along with the increase of SMX concentration in the bottom and middle layers of CWs. Spatially speaking, the concentration of sul genes increased from the surface layer to the bottom layer.

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