Yersinia enterocolitica in a Brazilian pork production chain: Tracking of contamination routes, virulence and antimicrobial resistance

Abstract As pork and pork products represent an important part of the diet, the issue of pork safety and quality has become more prominent. Food safety concerns are shaping consumers’ attitudes toward safe food. The farm and meat sectors aim at producing healthy animals in a protected environment, which is a key point for food/meat safety. The most common biological hazards in the pork production chain are Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Trichinella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. These hazards are not detectable by conventional meat inspection, and measures rely on prevention or reduction of contamination along the production chain.

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Comparative genomics and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica obtained from a pork production chain and human clinical cases in Brazil

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110917 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 110917

Author(s):

Bruna Torres Furtado Martins ◽

João Luiz de Meirelles ◽

Wellington Pine Omori ◽

Rafael R. de Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Comparative Genomics ◽

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Production Chain ◽

Pork Production ◽

Clinical Cases

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Pathogenic potential and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica, a foodborne pathogen limited to swine tonsils in a pork production chain from Southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s42770-021-00591-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kadigia Pegoraro ◽

Mallu Jagnow Sereno ◽

Cibeli Viana ◽

Bruna Torres Furtado Martins ◽

Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Production Chain ◽

Pork Production

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Persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica bio-serotype 4/O:3 in a pork production chain in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.fm.2020.103660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 103660

Author(s):

Bruna Torres Furtado Martins ◽

Everton Cruz de Azevedo ◽

Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽

Douglas Ruben Call ◽

Luís Augusto Nero

Keyword(s):

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Production Chain ◽

Pork Production

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Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-019-0936-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Quan Li ◽

Jian Yin ◽

Zheng Li ◽

Zewei Li ◽

Yuanzhao Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Production Chain ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics and Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus spp. from Bovine Mastitis

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.103434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Author(s):

Érica Chaves Lucio ◽

Gisele Veneroni Gouveia ◽

Mateus Matiuzzi Da Costa ◽

Mário Baltazar De Oliveira ◽

Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Milk Production ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Production Chain ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Bovine mastitis remains one of the health problems that cause the most damage to milk producers. The negative impact of mastitis is due to reduced milk production, early slaughter of females, reduced commercial value of the affected animals, losses in the genetic potential of the herd, expenses with medicines and veterinary medical assistance. Staphylococcus spp. stands out as the cause of this disease and has been able to remain in the mammary gland, becoming resistant to several antimicrobials. The aims of the present study were to characterize the phenotypes, genotypes and resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from bovine mastitis cases in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: These isolates were classified according to biochemical tests and the presence of the nuc gene. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of the mecA and blaZ genes was used to analyze the genetic potentials of antimicrobial resistance. Isolates were also phenotypically tested for resistance to nine antimicrobials (ampicillin, doxicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin, cephalothin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid and oxacillin). The genetic potentials for biofilm production were evaluated by the amplifications of the icaD, icaA and bap genes. The phenotypic test of gentian violet was used for biofilm formation analyzes. Ninety-three (93.0%) of the isolates among the Staphylococcus spp. samples were classified as Staphylococcus aureus. The lowest percentage of sensitivity observed was for amoxicillin (28.0%). All of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and gentamicin, and 15 (15%) exhibited sensitivity to all of the drugs tested. All of the isolates were negative for the mecA gene, and 36 (36%) were positive for blaZ. In the adhesion microplate tests, 44 (44%) of the isolates were capable of biofilm formation. Of these, seven (15.9%) were strong formers, whereas 16 (36.3%) and 21 (47.8%) were moderate and weak formers, respectively. The icaD gene was confirmed in 89 (89%) of the isolates. The icaA gene was confirmed in 61 (61%) samples, and the bap gene in 52 (52%) samples. One of the samples did not possess icaA, icaD or bap and exhibited moderate biofilm formation according to the microplate adherence test. Sixteen isolates simultaneously exhibited the three genes tested for biofilm production (icaA, icaD and bap) and were negative according to the microplate adherence test.Discussion: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis is a common practice in the study area, which may have contributed to the high proportion of herds (88.23%; 15/17) with multi-resistant isolates, constituting a selection factor for the dissemination of resistant bacteria among herds. The absence of the mecA gene in the present study may be associated with the development of resistant bacteria through another mechanism, such as the overproduction of beta-lactamases. The results demonstrate that antimicrobial resistance occurs in Staphylococcus spp. that cause bovine mastitis in herds of Pernambuco and that these isolates have the a great capacity for biofilm formation. It is necessary to sensitize the professionals involved in the milk production chain of Brazil regarding the importance of the adequate use of antimicrobials for the treatment and control of mastitis, since studies in the country indicate the dissemination of resistant bacterial strains.

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Prevalence, main serovars, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in poultry samples from the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.22541/au.163253387.70584910/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Diaz ◽

Pavel Eduardo Hernandez-Carreño ◽

Diana Zuleika Velazquez ◽

Miguel Angel Chaidez-Ibarra ◽

Arnulfo Montero-Pardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

National Level ◽

Production Chain ◽

National Differences ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Usa ◽

Meta Analyses

Poultry and poultry-derived products such as meat and eggs are among the main sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) transmission to the human. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and used random-effects meta-analyses to 1) estimate the prevalence of NTS in poultry samples from birds, products and subproducts, and environmental samples, 2) examine the diversity and frequency of their serovars, and 3) estimate the prevalence and profiles of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in NTS isolates reported in studies from the Americas. We included 157 studies from 15 countries comprising 261,408 poultry samples and estimated an overall pooled prevalence of 17.9% (95% CI: 10.8–26.3) in birds, 21.8% (17.7–26.1) in products and subproducts, and 29.5% (24.2–35.1) in environmental samples. At the national level, the prevalence of NTS was heterogenous across countries with the highest values in Mexico, the USA, and Canada. In total, 131 serovars were identified from 13,388 isolates, Heidelberg, Kentucky, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium were the most prevalent in the overall top 10 ranking (range 6.5–20.8%). At the national level, Enteritidis and Typhimurium were identified in most of the countries, though with national differences in their ranks. The prevalence of AMR increased from 24.1% for 1 antibiotic, to 36.2% for 2-3 antibiotics, and 49.6% for ≥ 4 antibiotics. Kentucky, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis were the serovars with the highest prevalence of AMR and tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the top five antibiotics to which NTS isolates were resistant. In conclusion, NTS was distributed through the avian production chain with high and heterogenous values of prevalence in poultry samples. Besides, there were distinctive patterns of serovars distribution across countries and an alarming prevalence of AMR among zoonotic serovars.

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Raw Milk as a Potential Source of Food Poisoning Outbreaks

Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology ◽

10.54987/jebat.v4i2.629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Isa Shu’aibu ◽

Habiba Abdullahi ◽

S. Hanna Kadum ◽

A. Jabir Hamza ◽

Y. Kabiru Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Viable Count ◽

Plate Count ◽

Small Scale ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Production Chain

In Africa, the use of poor and unhygienic methods for animal milking and milk processing that leads to spoilage of milk by microbes affects the production of milk and dairy products, especially in the small scale and local processing plants. This study was conducted to analyze the quality and safety of raw milk collected from six different towns in Kwami local government area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The samples were serially diluted using ten-fold dilution and used aliquot 1 ml to inoculate the appropriate media using pour plate technique. The total viable count for bacteria in CFU/ml on plate count agar (PCA) was highest in sample E from U/Anchau with an average of total viable count of 3.8x104 CFU/ml, followed by 3.0x104 CFU/ml in sample B (Dirri), then 2.8x104 CFU/ml in sample D from Burakosuma, 2.5x104 CFU/ml in sample F from Dun urji, 2.3x104 CFU/ml in sample C from Zanbe with least count from sample A at Bele as 1.8x104 CFU/ml. Five (5) bacterial species of public health importance were isolated and identified using biochemical tests namely; Enterobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.. Out of the organisms isolated, Enterobacter sp. had the highest occurrence of 93% (n=280), then Yersinia enterocolitica 90% (n=270), E. coli 70% (n=210), S. aureus 57% (n=170), and finally Salmonella sp. 23% (n=70). Based on the microbiological outcomes, preventive measures for milking and processing that focus on training of farmers and dairy employees for the improvement of the hygiene of local milk and dairy production chain should be defined.

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