Incentives for labour-augmenting innovations in vertical markets: The role of wage rate

This paper examines the role of the English economist Arthur (A. J.) Brown in the 1950s debate surrounding the wage-rate change/unemployment relationship. While the publication of William (Bill) Phillips’s 1958 paper and the subsequent moniker of the “Phillips Curve” attracted a wealth of attention, Brown’s book on the subject, The Great Inflation, and his later work on inflation have received much less. Here, the focus is on redressing this situation somewhat by looking at Brown’s work to see how much it predates Phillips’s paper, and what differences there are to it. We also consider this within the changing institutional structure of English economic networks in the 1950s that led to a relatively rapid acceptance of Phillips’s analysis and, in many cases, to a strong, ordinal interpretation of the Phillips Curve that overshadowed Brown’s work.

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Immigrant–native wage gap in Europe: the role of cognitive skills and their use at work

International Journal of Manpower ◽

10.1108/ijm-03-2018-0087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 154-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maryna Tverdostup ◽

Tiiu Paas

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Wage Penalty ◽

Content Type ◽

Final Population

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the role of cognitive skills and extent of skill use at work in explaining the immigrant–native wage gap in Europe. The study targets immigrant–native disparities in literacy and numeracy cognitive skills, as important, yet not exhaustive factor behind immigrants’ wage penalty. Design/methodology/approach The research relies on the Program of International Assessment of Adult Competencies data for 15 European countries. The empirical analysis employs multivariate regression analysis and incorporates the full set of plausible values for each skill domain, to correctly measure cognitive skills. To estimate standard errors, the authors employ Jackknife replication methodology with 80 replication weights and final population weight. Findings The authors document that, on average, immigrants achieve substantially worse scores in literacy and numeracy test domains. Only highly educated immigrants tend to improve their skills over time in host countries. The results of wage gap analysis indicate that having cognitive skills, demographic profile and occupation category comparable to natives does not yield comparable wage rate. The remaining wage gap results from the systematic differences in skills application at work, as immigrants use their skills to lower extent, relative to natives. Originality/value The research employs a novel measure of productive human capital, which accounts for cognitive skills in literacy and numeracy domains, and frequencies of skill use at work. It allows to more precisely evaluate the immigrant–native disparity in human capital application and its reflection on the wage rate.

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The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies

The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.1515/bejeap-2013-0039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1709-1724

Author(s):

Yulian Wang ◽

Hongfei Zhu

Keyword(s):

Minimum Wage ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Illegal Immigration ◽

Risk Preference ◽

Illegal Immigrants ◽

Wage Policy ◽

Minimum Wage Legislation ◽

Employment Elasticity ◽

Enforcement Policies

Abstract This paper examines the effects of two enforcement policies and a minimum wage policy in controlling illegal immigration and improving welfare when capital is immobile. The model highlights the importance of the role of risk preference by considering various attitudes to risk held by illegal immigrants and host firms. It is shown that the effect of internal enforcement on the wage rate in host firms depends on the attitude to risk of illegal immigrants and host firms. It is also shown that the impacts of the minimum wage legislation differ according to risk preference and the degree of labor employment elasticity to the source wage. Moreover, attitude to risk is shown to be important in determining the effectiveness of policies on welfare.

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Movement of Real Wage Rate and Labour Productivity in Manufacturing Sector in India: The Role of Contract Labour

Economic Affairs ◽

10.30954/0424-2513.2.2018.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Soumita Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Real Wage ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Labour Productivity ◽

Real Wage Rate

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DAKWAH UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DI PERDESAAN

Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah ◽

10.21580/jid.v38.2.3871 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Mar’atus Sholehah

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Skill Development ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Male And Female ◽

Agricultural Worker ◽

Development Policies ◽

Job Opportunity

This article is aimed at the description of many thoughts and ideas of da’wa about the role and the opportunity of woman who work in agriculture and repositioning the strategy of gender within the rural agricultural development policies. The double role of women is clearly indicating the importance of the double sources of income for a household. Women potentials, either as a housewife or as an individual of agricultural worker is the important factor to determine the success of gender strategy. The empowerment is suggested through applied and innovative technology, protection of working woman, improvement of training and extension activities, enhancement of regulations, facility support, increasing wage rate, and household industry skill development. Job opportunity is suggested to balance between male and female and encourage woman to participate in various development activities. With this, the gender strategy would improve household welfare in rural areas.****Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemikiran dan gagasan dakwah berdasarkan teori tentang peran dan peluang perempuan yang bekerja di bidang pertanian dan reposisi strategi gender dalam kebijakan pembangunan pertanian pedesaan. Peran ganda perempuan jelas menunjukkan pentingnya sumber penghasilan ganda untuk sebuah rumah tangga. Potensi perempuan, baik sebagai ibu rumah tangga atau sebagai individu pekerja pertanian merupakan faktor penting untuk menentukan keberhasilan strategi gender. Pemberdayaan disarankan melalui teknologi terapan dan inovatif, perlindungan perempuan pekerja, peningkatan pelatihan dan kegiatan penyuluhan, peningkatan regulasi, dukungan fasilitas, peningkatan tingkat upah, dan pengembangan keterampilan industri rumah tangga. Kesempatan kerja disarankan untuk menyeimbangkan antara pria dan perempuan dan mendorong perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam berbagai kegiatan pengembangan. Dengan ini, strategi dakwah terhadap perempuan akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga di daerah pedesaan.

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Role of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in Socio-economic Development in Hoshiarpur District of Punjab

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i130344 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Neha Wasal

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Rural Employment ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Economic Profile ◽

Employment Guarantee ◽

The Village

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) aimed at providing direct employment to the deserving rural people has been in operation for last many years. The present study had conducted to assess the role of NREGA programme with the following specific objectives: (i) To study socio-economic profile of the beneficiaries of NREGA (ii) To assess the contribution of NREGA in socio-economic development of its beneficiaries (iii) To identify the factors of success and failure (iv) To render suitable suggestions for further improvement in the NREGA programme. Research gap of this study was to analyze the profitability of social programmes being initiated by governments. Results showed Socio-economic profile of the respondents that most of the respondents were male, in the middle age group, hailing from Schedule Caste category and were having little education and low income level. The profile of beneficiaries of NREGA programme indicated that the benefits of this programme is going to the deserving people. Rural connectivity (repair of roads etc.), village cleanliness, plantation were the major areas in which the NREGA beneficiaries worked under the supervision of a Mate. The village Sarpanch proved to be the major person who made aware to the beneficiary and helped them to get employment under this programme. On an average beneficiary of NREGA got employment for 15 days in a month. All the beneficiaries of the NREGA programme got prescribed wage i.e. Rs.123 per day which was paid timely to the respondents. 1/5th of the respondents held that dependency on the farmers had reduced after joining NREGA programme and also wage rate had increased in other activities in villages due to the arrival of NREGA programme. 38 per cent of the respondents opined that NREGA activities helped them to remove idleness whereas 25 per cent of respondents felt more social recognized after joining NREGA. Overall the launching of NREGA programme had increased the demand for labour in rural areas. The non beneficiary of NREGA programme did not join the NREGA largely due to social inhibition (not ready to do labour in own village), low wage rate and irregularity of work. Irregular grants and work opportunities, less wage rate were the major constrains experienced by the beneficiaries of NREGA. Regularity in grants, generating adequate employment opportunity may prove more useful for NREGA beneficiary and society at large.

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The Fallacy of Wage Cuts and Keynes's Involuntary Unemployment

Journal of the History of Economic Thought ◽

10.1080/10427710701514737 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 309-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John Levendis

Keyword(s):

Wage Rate ◽

Full Employment ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Nominal Wage ◽

Involuntary Unemployment ◽

Narrative History ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Wage Cuts

The lingering economic problem for economists in the 1920s and 1930s was unemployment. What caused it? More importantly, what could cure it? John Maynard Keynes's work offered new insights regarding both the reasons for, and the cures of, lingering and massive unemployment—what Keynes called “involuntary unemployment.” Keynes's definition of the term evolved as he gradually came to realize the role of the fallacy of composition in explaining why nominal wage rate adjustments might not induce full employment. I argue that it was Richard Kahn's multiplier article, more than anything, which guided Keynes's own understanding of the phenomenon. This paper, then, is a narrative history of how Keynes came to grips with the unprecedented level of unemployment in the 1920s and '30s interpreted through the lens of the Kahnian multiplier.

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ROLE OF MGNREGA PROGRAMME IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN KARNATAKA: EMERGING ISSUES AND EVIDENCE

EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review ◽

10.36713/epra3024 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. A 5-A 12

Author(s):

Odegouda R T ◽

Dr.S.B. Nari

Keyword(s):

Gender Difference ◽

Wage Rate ◽

Land Development ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cropping Intensity ◽

Irrigation Intensity ◽

The Status ◽

Emerging Issues ◽

Food Grain

Agriculture is the one of the most important sectors in our economy as well as country. Most of the peoples have depended on agriculture works. Nowadays, agriculture contribution of towards GSDP has been continuously declined from 28.1 per cent in 1999-2000 to 14.7per cent in 2014-15. The MGNREGA has become a world largest public wage employment programme. This scheme is also tool for inclusive growth and sustains agriculture. The present study explores the role of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme in Development of Agriculture in Karnataka: Emerging Issues and Evidence. The study is mainly based on secondary data sources. The data has been taken from the year 2013-14 to 2018-19. In this study intended to know the agro-climatic zonal level MGNREGA towards contribution of agriculture development works and expenditure and also to know the status of agriculture productivity in terms of total area under cultivation, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity and food grain production and wage rate in Karnataka. As compared to the other years, the study found that in the year 2016-17 all category works and all zones has better performed and most of the works and utilization of fund have done in arid and coastal zone in Karnataka. As compared to the after MGNREGS implementation, on an average there has been increased total area under cultivation (124.39 in lakh, ha), cropping intensity (122.81 per cent), irrigation intensity (32.28 per cent) and food grains (117.53lakh tonnes). but drastically low in before MGNREGS implementation in Karnataka. Gender difference in agriculture field labour has been declined from 8 rupees in 2005-06 to 4 rupees in 2009-10, then it was increased from 5 rupees in 2010-11 to 44 rupees in 2014-15, it means high gender difference in agriculture wage rate. But MGNREGA it provides equal wage for male and female in rural Karnataka and India and also intervention of MGNREGS has to be hike agriculture wage rate. Therefore, the study suggests distribute equal expenditure on natural resource management works, water related and plantation works and to suitable steps towards timely work completion and convergence of MGNREGA with development programmes is should be ensured in respective all zones in Karnataka and India. To focus on productive assets and land development works for especially SCs/STs and small and marginal farmers should be given more priority and should be made to provide full 100 days employment to these households. KEY WORDS: MGNREGA, Utilization of Fund, Agriculture, Wage rate and Employment.

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