UV-induced over time transformation of AgNPs in commercial wound dressings and adverse biological effects on Caenorhabditis elegans

NanoImpact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 100193
Author(s):  
Yaguang Nie ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Hui Dai ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Mudi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Time Transformation ◽  
Over Time

Study of Zalema Grape Pomace: Phenolic Composition and Biological Effects in Caenorhabditis elegans

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (21) ◽  
pp. 5114-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. José Jara-Palacios ◽  
Susana González-Manzano ◽  
M. Luisa Escudero-Gilete ◽  
Dolores Hernanz ◽  
Montserrat Dueñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Phenolic Composition

scholarly journals DAF-16 and SMK-1 Contribute to Innate Immunity During Adulthood in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. McHugh ◽  
Elena Koumis ◽  
Paul Jacob ◽  
Jennifer Goldfarb ◽  
Michelle Schlaubitz-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Over Time

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function termed “immunosenescence”. Deficient surveillance coupled with the impaired function of immune cells compromises host defense in older animals. The dynamic activity of regulatory modules that control immunity appears to underlie age-dependent modifications to the immune system. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans levels of PMK-1 p38 MAP kinase diminish over time, reducing the expression of immune effectors that clear bacterial pathogens. Along with the PMK-1 pathway, innate immunity in C. elegans is regulated by the insulin signaling pathway. Here we asked whether DAF-16, a Forkhead box (FOXO) transcription factor whose activity is inhibited by insulin signaling, plays a role in host defense later in life. While in younger C. elegansDAF-16 is inactive unless stimulated by environmental insults, we found that even in the absence of acute stress the transcriptional activity of DAF-16 increases in an age-dependent manner. Beginning in the reproductive phase of adulthood, DAF-16 upregulates a subset of its transcriptional targets, including genes required to kill ingested microbes. Accordingly, DAF-16 has little to no role in larval immunity, but functions specifically during adulthood to confer resistance to bacterial pathogens. We found that DAF-16-mediated immunity in adults requires SMK-1, a regulatory subunit of the PP4 protein phosphatase complex. Our data suggest that as the function of one branch of the innate immune system of C. elegans (PMK-1) declines over time, DAF-16-mediated immunity ramps up to become the predominant means of protecting adults from infection, thus reconfiguring immunity later in life.

Safety and anticancer activity of low dose regimen of NGRhTNF, a new vascular targeting agent, in solid advanced malignancies (NGR002 phase I trial)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3540-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gallo-Stampino ◽  
G. Rizzardi ◽  
S. Toma ◽  
A. Corti ◽  
P. Scifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Vascular Targeting ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Vascular Targeting Agent

3540 Background: NGRhTNF is a vascular targeting agent (VTA) exploiting a tumour homing peptide (CNGRCG) selectively binding angiogenic vessels in solid tumours where NGRhTNF specific binding relies on dynamic interactions with TNF-receptors and aminopeptidase N (CD13). NGRhTNF combines activity on tumour vascular permeability and direct anticancer activity. Consistently, mouse preclinical data indicate significant synergy between low dose NGRhTNF and cytotoxic agents. Methods: 4 dose levels of NGRhTNF (0.2 up to 1.6 mcg/sqm) have been administered q 3 w in 16 patients. Main end-points included safety, anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic.Measurement of circulating tumor and endothelial cells (CTC and CEC), sTNFRI and s TNFRII, along with plasma cyto-chemokine profile have been performed. Results: 16 patients were enrolled (6F/10M);median age 60,range 43–73). Toxicity was limited to constitutional symptoms, and chills were the most frequent event (40%). Over a median follow-up of 15 weeks, stable disease was achieved in 44% of patients, with long lasting disease control in 2 cases (27 and 75 weeks, with establishment of indication to radical surgery after 75 weeks, presently tumor free after removal of the residual tumor mass). In these 2 patients, VEGF, MMP-9, CA125, significantly decreased over time. DCE-MRI indicates that NGRhTNF increases vascular permeability after first drug exposure, particularly at the dose of 0.4 mcg/sqm, while following multiple infusions it exerts an antivascular effect, as demonstrated by the decrease of Ktrans values. Moreover NGRhTNF is able to elicit inflammatory and immune responses over time, as indicated by the modulation of expression of multiple cyto-chemokines. Finally, changes in CTC levels over time consistently matched the clinical outcome. Conclusions: Low dose NGRhTNF has an optimal safety profile along with anticancer activity acting on tumour vasculature and inducing relevant biological effects, thus rendering the agent suitable for a development both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutics. The phase II program is due to start in early 2007. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Review of Biological Effects of Acute and Chronic Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Rabin Dhakal ◽  
Mohammad Yosofvand ◽  
Mahsa Yavari ◽  
Ramzi Abdulrahman ◽  
Ryan Schurr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Chronic Radiation ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Chronic Radiation Exposure ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Knowledge regarding complex radiation responses in biological systems can be enhanced using genetically amenable model organisms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the use of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a model organism to investigate radiation’s biological effects. Diverse types of experiments were conducted on C. elegans, using acute and chronic exposure to different ionizing radiation types, and to assess various biological responses. These responses differed based on the type and dose of radiation and the chemical substances in which the worms were grown or maintained. A few studies compared responses to various radiation types and doses as well as other environmental exposures. Therefore, this paper focused on the effect of irradiation on C. elegans, based on the intensity of the radiation dose and the length of exposure and ways to decrease the effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, we discussed several studies showing that dietary components such as vitamin A, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenol-rich food source may promote the resistance of C. elegans to ionizing radiation and increase their life span after irradiation.

scholarly journals Feeding recombinant Royalactin: Measures of improved lifespan and mitochondrial function in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Thomas L. Ingram ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Kamila Derecka ◽  
Nathan Courtier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Royal Jelly Protein ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAgeing, the decline of biological functions over time, is inherent to eukaryotes. Female honeybees attain a long-lived queen phenotype upon continuous consumption of royal jelly, whereas restricted supply of this nutritional substance promotes the development of worker bees, which are short-lived. An abundant protein found within royal jelly is major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), also known as ‘Royalactin’. Health- and lifespan promoting effects have been attributed to Royalactin in species from diverse animal taxa, suggesting it acts on phylogenetically conserved physiological processes. Here, we explore the effects of feeding the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with Escherichia coli that express a recombinant form of Royalactin (RArec). We confirm that consumption of RArec increases body size, improves locomotion and extends lifespan. We discover a link between Royalactin and mitochondria, organelles which play a key part in the ageing process: both spare respiratory capacity and morphology indicate improved mitochondrial function in RArec fed C. elegans. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using recombinant Royalactin to gain further insight into processes of healthy ageing in many species.RArec production allows insight into potential beneficial effects across species.

Biological Effects of Inhaled 239PuO2 in Rats with Pre-existing Pulmonary Emphysema

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Lundgren ◽  
J.L. Mauderly ◽  
W.W. Carlton ◽  
F.F. Hahn ◽  
J.H. Diel
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lung Tumours ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Normal Lungs ◽  
Over Time

The modifying effects of pre-existing pulmonary emphysema on the deposition, distribution, retention and effects of inhaled 239PuO2 in the rat were investigated. The presence of emphysema in the rats was documented by morphometric and respiratory function measurements. For rats exposed to similar airborne concentrations of 239PuO2, initial lung burdens of 239Pu per kg body mass were lower in rats with emphysema than in those without emphysema; however, the retention of 239Pu over time was similar in both groups. The distribution of 239Pu particles in the lungs of rats with emphysema tended to be more random than in the lungs of control rats. The life span, and incidences of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the lung, and risk of lung tumours per unit of alpha dose to the lungs in the rats with emphysema were similar to or less than in the control rats, when groups with similar initial lung burdens of 239Pu were compared. The results of this study suggest that humans with uncomplicated pulmonary emphysema are not necessarily more sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of inhaled 239PuO2 than individuals with normal lungs.

scholarly journals Flavonoids’ Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans’ Longevity, Fat Accumulation, Stress Resistance and Gene Modulation Involve mTOR, SKN-1 and DAF-16

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio ◽  
Samanta Hernández-García ◽  
Francisco García-Carmona ◽  
Fernando Gandía-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Promoting

Flavonoids are potential nutraceutical compounds present in diary food. They are considered health-promoting compounds and promising drugs for different diseases, such as neurological and inflammatory diseases, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, toxicological and mechanistic studies should be done to assert the biological effects and identify the molecular targets of these compounds. In this work we describe the effects of six structurally-related flavonoids—baicalein, chrysin, scutellarein, 6-hydroxyflavone, 6,7-dihydroxyflavone and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone—on Caenorhabditis elegans’ lifespan and stress resistance. The results showed that chrysin, 6-hydroxyflavone and baicalein prolonged C. elegans’ lifespan by up to 8.5%, 11.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The lifespan extensions caused by these flavonoids are dependent on different signaling pathways. The results suggested that chrysin’s effects are dependent on the insulin signaling pathway via DAF-16/FOXO. Baicalein and 6-hydroxyflavone’s effects are dependent on the SKN-1/Nfr2 pathway. In addition, microarray analysis showed that baicalein downregulates important age-related genes, such as mTOR and PARP.

scholarly journals Breathable hydrogel dressings containing natural antioxidants for management of skin disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Comotto ◽  
Saghi Saghazadeh ◽  
Sara Bagherifard ◽  
Bahar Aliakbarian ◽  
Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Improve Cell Viability ◽  
Over Time

Traditional wound dressings are not effective enough to regulate the moisture content and remove excessive exudate from the environment. Wet wound dressings formed from hydrogels such as alginate are widely used in clinical practice for treatment of skin disorders. Here, we functionalize alginate dressings with natural antioxidants such as curcumin and t-resveratrol to render them both anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The hydrogel maintains excellent mechanical properties and oxygen permeability over time. The release rate of the compounds from the hydrogels is assessed and their impact on bacterial and cellular growth is evaluated. The antioxidant compounds act as bactericidal agents and improve cell viability. The optimal concentration of active compounds in the engineered alginate-based dressings is determined.

scholarly journals Biological effects, translocation, and metabolism of quantum dots in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
C Elegans

We summarize recent progress on the biological effects, translocation, and metabolism of QDs in thein vivoassay system ofC. elegans.

scholarly journals Assessment of the In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of an Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Ana M. González-Paramás ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
Laura Marcelloni ◽  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Bilberry Extract

Anthocyanins have been associated with several health benefits, although the responsible mechanisms are not well established yet. In the present study, an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was tested in order to evaluate its capacity to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resistance to thermally induced oxidative stress, using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. The assays were carried out with the wild-type N2 strain and the mutant strains daf-16(mu86) I and hsf-1(sy441), which were grown in the presence of two anthocyanin extract concentrations (5 and 10 μg/mL in the culture medium) and further subjected to thermal stress. The treatment with the anthocyanin extract at 5 μg/mL showed protective effects on the accumulation of ROS and increased thermal resistance in C. elegans, both in stressed and non-stressed young and aged worms. However, detrimental effects were observed in nematodes treated with 10 μg/mL, leading to a higher worm mortality rate compared to controls, which was interpreted as a hormetic response. These findings suggested that the effects of the bilberry extract on C. elegans might not rely on its direct antioxidant capacity, but other mechanisms could also be involved. Additional assays were performed in two mutant strains with loss-of-function for DAF-16 (abnormal DAuer Formation factor 16) and HSF-1 (Heat Shock Factor 1) transcription factors, which act downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. The results indicated that the modulation of these factors could be behind the improvement in the resistance against thermal stress produced by bilberry anthocyanins in young individuals, whereas they do not totally explain the effects produced in worms in the post-reproductive development stage. Further experiments are needed to continue uncovering the mechanisms behind the biological effects of anthocyanins in living organisms, as well as to establish whether they fall within the hormesis concept.

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