28486 Cause of death after melanoma diagnosis: A US population-based analysis of current SEER data from the National Cancer Institute

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

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Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 211 (5) ◽

pp. 264-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. S. Jacob

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Personal Distress ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Middle Income ◽

Common Cause ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

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Prevalence, Age at Diagnosis, Mortality, and Cause of Death in Retinitis Pigmentosa in Korea—A Nationwide Population-based Study

American Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ajo.2017.01.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 157-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kun-Hoo Na ◽

Hyun Jung Kim ◽

Kyoung Hoon Kim ◽

Seungjin Han ◽

Patrick Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Population Based Study

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Epilepsy-Related Mortality in Children and Young Adults in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000013068 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013068

Author(s):

Marius Kløvgaard ◽

Thomas Hadberg Lynge ◽

Ioannis Tsiropoulos ◽

Peter Vilhelm Uldall ◽

Jytte Banner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Systematic Classification ◽

Background Population ◽

National Patient ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Related Mortality

Background and Objectives:Mortality is increased in epilepsy, but the important issue is that a proportion of epilepsy-related death is potentially preventable by optimized therapy and needs therefore to be identified. A new systematic classification of epilepsy-related mortality has been suggested by Devinsky et al. in 2016 to identify these preventable deaths. We applied this classification to an analysis of premature mortality in persons with epilepsy younger than 50 years.Methods:The study was a population-based retrospective cohort of all Danish citizens with and without epilepsy aged 1–49 years during 2007–2009. Information on all deaths was retrieved from the Danish Cause of Death Registry, autopsy reports, death certificates, and the Danish National Patient Registry. The primary cause of death in persons with epilepsy was evaluated independently by three neurologist, one neuro-pediatrician, and two cardiologists. In case of uncertainty a pathologist was consulted. All deaths were classified as either epilepsy- or not-epilepsy-related, and the underlying causes or modes of death were compared between persons with and without epilepsy.Results:During the study period 700 deaths were identified in persons with epilepsy, and 440 (62.9%) of these were epilepsy-related, hereof, 169 (38%) directly related to seizures and 181 (41%) due to an underlying neurological disease. SUDEP accounted for 80% of deaths directly related to epilepsy. Aspiration pneumonia was the cause of death in 80% of cases indirectly related to epilepsy.Compared with the background population, persons with epilepsy had a nearly four-fold increased all-cause mortality (adjusted mortality hazard ratio of 3.95 [95% CI 3.64–4.27], p<0.0001) and a higher risk of dying from various underlying causes including alcohol-related conditions (hazard ratio of 2.91 [95% CI 2.23–3.80], p<0.0001) and suicide (hazard ratio of 2.10 [95% CI 1.18–3.73], p=0.01).Discussion:The newly proposed classification for mortality in persons with epilepsy was useful in an unselected nationwide cohort. It helped classifying unnatural causes of death as epilepsy-related or not, and it helped identifying potentially preventable deaths. The leading causes of premature mortality in persons younger than 50 years were related to epilepsy and were thus potentially preventable by good seizure control.

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Abstract 15312: Racial Disparities in Trends in Mortality From Cardiac Arrests in the United States

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Anas M Al Zubaidi ◽

Graham Bevan ◽

Mariam Rana ◽

Abdul Rahman Al Armashi ◽

Mustafa Alqaysi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

African American ◽

African Americans ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Census Data ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Increased Risk

Background: African Americans are at increased risk of fatal cardiac arrests, but population-based studies exploring contemporary epidemiology are not available. We sought to identify the trend in race-specific mortality from cardiac arrest in the United States. Methods: Using the multiple cause of death database, we identified all patients (Caucasians or African Americans) who died of cardiac arrest (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code I46.x listed as underlying cause of death) between 1999 and 2018. Age-adjusted mortality rates were standardized to the 2000 US census data, and stratified by age group (<35 years, 35-64 years, and ≥ 65 years). Results: A total of 311,065 cardiac arrest deaths were identified, with an overall age-adjusted mortality of 53.6 per million (Caucasian: 49.1 per million, African American: 90.6 per million). Overall, age-adjusted mortality decreased from 80.1 per million persons (1999) to 44.3 per million persons (2012), followed by 8.8% increase to 48.2 (2018). Between 2012 and 2018, African Americans had higher rates of increase (10.9%) compared with Caucasians (6.9%). Largest disparities in relative changes between 2012 and 2018 occurred in patients younger than 35 years (African American: 35%, Caucasians -11%), and patients ≥ 65 years (African Americans: 8%, Caucasians 4%), figure. Conclusions: Although the mortality due to cardiac arrest has declined in the US between 1999 and 2012, a recent increase has been noted between 2012 and 2018, particularly among younger African Americans. Studies should focus on identifying causes of disparities and identifying methods to reduce the racial gap.

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Clustering of 27,525,663 Death Records from the United States Based on Health Conditions Associated with Death: An Example of big Health Data Exploration

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8070922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 922

Author(s):

Daisy J.A. Janssen ◽

Simon Rechberger ◽

Emiel F.M. Wouters ◽

Jos M.G.A. Schols ◽

Miriam J. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Palliative Care ◽

End Of Life ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Multiple Health

Background: Insight into health conditions associated with death can inform healthcare policy. We aimed to cluster 27,525,663 deceased people based on the health conditions associated with death to study the associations between the health condition clusters, demographics, the recorded underlying cause and place of death. Methods: Data from all deaths in the United States registered between 2006 and 2016 from the National Vital Statistics System of the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to create an ordered representation of the mortality data. Results: 16 clusters based on the health conditions associated with death were found showing significant differences in socio-demographics, place, and cause of death. Most people died at old age (73.1 (18.0) years) and had multiple health conditions. Chronic ischemic heart disease was the main cause of death. Most people died in the hospital or at home. Conclusions: The prevalence of multiple health conditions at death requires a shift from disease-oriented towards person-centred palliative care at the end of life, including timely advance care planning. Understanding differences in population-based patterns and clusters of end-of-life experiences is an important step toward developing a strategy for implementing population-based palliative care.

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Association between suicide risk and traumatic brain injury in adults: a population based cohort study

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136860 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2019-136860 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yueh-Chien Lu ◽

Ming-Kung Wu ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Cong-Liang Zhang ◽

Ying-Yi Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Population Based ◽

Research Database ◽

Global Public Health

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, and its treatment is potentially a heavy economic burden. Suicide is another global public health problem and the second leading cause of death in young adults. Patients with TBI are known to have higher than normal rates of non-fatal deliberate self-harm, suicide and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the association between TBI and suicide risk in a Chinese cohort.MethodThis study analysed data contained in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 17 504 subjects with TBI and for 70 016 subjects without TBI matched for age and gender at a ratio of 1 to 4. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate subsequent suicide attempts in the TBI group. Probability of attempted suicide was determined by Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe overall risk of suicide attempts was 2.23 times higher in the TBI group compared with the non-TBI group (0.98 vs 0.29 per 1000 person-years, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. Regardless of gender, age or comorbidity, the TBI group tended to have more suicide attempts, and the risk attempted suicide increased with the severity of TBI. Depression and alcohol attributed disease also increased the risk of attempted suicide in the TBI group.ConclusionSuicide is preventable if risk factors are recognised. Hence, TBI patients require special attention to minimise their risk of attempted suicide.

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Direct modeling of the crude probability of cancer death and the number of life years lost due to cancer without the need of cause of death: a pseudo-observation approach in the relative survival setting

Biostatistics ◽

10.1093/biostatistics/kxaa017 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dimitra-Kleio Kipourou ◽

Maja Pohar Perme ◽

Bernard Rachet ◽

Aurelien Belot

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Population Based ◽

Subdistribution Hazard ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Regression Parameters ◽

Life Years ◽

Direct Modeling ◽

Life Years Lost ◽

Probability Of Cancer

Summary In population-based cancer studies, net survival is a crucial measure for population comparison purposes. However, alternative measures, namely the crude probability of death (CPr) and the number of life years lost (LYL) due to death according to different causes, are useful as complementary measures for reflecting different dimensions in terms of prognosis, treatment choice, or development of a control strategy. When the cause of death (COD) information is available, both measures can be estimated in competing risks setting using either cause-specific or subdistribution hazard regression models or with the pseudo-observation approach through direct modeling. We extended the pseudo-observation approach in order to model the CPr and the LYL due to different causes when information on COD is unavailable or unreliable (i.e., in relative survival setting). In a simulation study, we assessed the performance of the proposed approach in estimating regression parameters and examined models with different link functions that can provide an easier interpretation of the parameters. We showed that the pseudo-observation approach performs well for both measures and we illustrated their use on cervical cancer data from the England population-based cancer registry. A tutorial showing how to implement the method in R software is also provided.

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Do Death Certificates Underestimate the Burden of Rare Diseases? The Example of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mortality, Sweden, 2001-2013

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354918777253 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 481-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Titilola Falasinnu ◽

Marios Rossides ◽

Yashaar Chaichian ◽

Julia F. Simard

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Rare Diseases ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Health Resources ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Swedish Population

Objectives: Mortality due to rare diseases, which are substantial sources of premature mortality, is underreported in mortality studies. The objective of this study was to determine the completeness of reporting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a cause of death. Methods: In 2017, we linked data on a Swedish population-based cohort (the Swedish Lupus Linkage, 2001-2013) comprising people with SLE (n = 8560) and their matched general population comparators (n = 37 717) to data from the Cause of Death Register. We reviewed death records of deceased people from the cohort (n = 5110) and extracted data on patient demographic characteristics and causes of death. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for not reporting SLE as a cause of death by using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Of 1802 deaths among SLE patients in the study, 1071 (59%) did not have SLE reported on their death records. Most SLE decedents were aged 75-84 at death (n = 584, 32%), female (n = 1462, 81%), and born in Nordic countries (n = 1730, 96%). Decedents aged ≥85 at death were more likely to have SLE not reported on their death records than were decedents aged <50 (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.48-3.68). Having renal failure listed as a cause of death decreased the likelihood of SLE not being reported on the death record (OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.73), whereas having cancer listed as a cause of death increased this likelihood (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.85-3.07). Conclusions: SLE was greatly underreported as a cause of mortality on death records of SLE patients, particularly in older decedents and those with cancer, thereby underestimating the true burden of this disease. Public health resources need to focus on improving the recording of rare diseases in order to enhance the epidemiological utility of mortality data.

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