scholarly journals Field experiments of surface water to groundwater recharge to characterize the mobility of uranium and vanadium at a former mill tailing site

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 103581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Paradis ◽  
Raymond H. Johnson ◽  
Aaron D. Tigar ◽  
Kirsten B. Sauer ◽  
Oana C. Marina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mill Tailing

scholarly journals Quantifying Focused Groundwater Recharge Induced by Irrigation Surface Water Reservoirs in Crystalline Basement Areas for Complementary Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2880
Author(s):  
Apolline Bambara ◽  
Philippe Orban ◽  
Issoufou Ouedraogo ◽  
Eric Hallot ◽  
Francis Guyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Sub Saharan

Through the practice of irrigation, surface water reservoirs (SWRs) contribute to the socio-economic development and food production activities of populations in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, they tend to dry up prematurely. One solution to circumvent these irrigation water shortages is to ensure their conjunctive use with groundwater. The objective of this study is to better understand the contribution of SWRs to groundwater recharge and to determine if groundwater may be considered as a complementary local resource for irrigation. The study was carried out on two watersheds in Burkina Faso, Kierma and Mogtedo. The spatiotemporal analysis of piezometric and SWRs level records coupled with physico-chemical analyses of water was used to characterize exchanges between SWRs and groundwater. The regional groundwater recharge at the scale of the watersheds was assessed. At the SWRs scale, a water balance methodology was developed and used to estimate focused recharge. The results show that SWRs interact almost continuously with groundwater and contribute focused recharge. The magnitude of this recharge is a function of the geological context and the sediment texture of the SWRs. It is estimated at 5 mm/day in Kierma and 4 mm/day in Mogtédo. These values are higher than the natural recharge estimated at 0.2 mm/day in Kierma and 0.1 mm/day in Mogtédo. Additionally, the values of hydraulic conductivity are between 0.01 and 2 m/day in Kierma and between 1 × 10−4 and 0.2 m/day in Mogtédo. These conductivities could allow pumping in large-diameter hand-dug wells with a significant yield between 0.5 and 120 m3/day in Kierma and between 0 and 10 m3/day in Mogtédo to palliate the early drying up of the SWRs.

scholarly journals Groundwater–surface water interactions in an ephemeral savanna catchment, Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Riddell ◽  
Jaco Nel ◽  
Johan Van Tol ◽  
Daniel Fundisi ◽  
Faith Jumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Fractured Rock Aquifer ◽  
Precipitation Events

The semi-arid conditions in savanna landscapes ensure that ephemeral drainage dominates the hydrological network in these dryland systems. Quantification of their hydrological processes is important to inform ecosystem understanding and future conservation efforts under a changing climate, and to provide guidance for restoration. By combining in situ hydrometric observations, hydrochemistry, remote sensing and a soil water balance model, we characterise the groundwater–surface water interactions in ephemeral low-order catchments of the granitoid regions of the southern Kruger National Park (KNP). Streams at the lowest orders are augmented by lateral interflows from the catena, although the second- and third-order stream reaches are conduits for groundwater recharge to the fractured rock aquifer; the soils of the crests and foot-slopes also show preferential flow, and are truly recharge soils, whilst the duplex soils of the midslopes clearly show their responsive nature to a low soil moisture deficit in the shallow horizons. Actual evaporation (aET) differed between catena elements with surprisingly little variation at third-order hillslopes, with the greatest overall aET at the first order. Meanwhile, soil water balances demonstrated a significant variation in storage of the riparian zones as a result of interflow from upslope and aET losses. Furthermore, data support broader-scale observations that groundwater recharge through the vadose zone to the fractured rock aquifer is dependent upon threshold antecedent precipitation conditions. Moderate precipitation events (5 mm/day – 35 mm/day) over a 2–3 week period initiate groundwater responses with a 2–3 month lag, whilst intense precipitation events (100 mm/day) are expressed within 2–3 weeks.Conservation implications: Understanding the lateral connectivity of terrestrial ecosystems to the ephemeral drainage network expressed via hydrological processes in these savanna landscapes is important to infer potential impacts of climate variability on the continued conservation of these ecosystems, both within and external to protected areas.

scholarly journals Application of Airborne Passive Microwave Observations for Monitoring Inland Flooding Caused by Tropical Cyclones

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2070
Author(s):  
Courtney D. Buckley ◽  
Robbie E. Hood ◽  
Frank J. LaFontaine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Inland Flooding

Abstract Inland flooding from tropical cyclones is a significant factor in storm-related deaths in the United States and other countries, with the majority of tropical cyclone fatalities recorded in the United States resulting from freshwater flooding. Information collected during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tropical cyclone field experiments suggests that surface water and flooding can be detected and therefore monitored at a greater spatial resolution by using passive microwave airborne radiometers than by using satellite sensors. The 10.7-GHz frequency of the NASA Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has demonstrated high-resolution detection of anomalous surface water and flooding in numerous situations. In this study, an analysis of three cases is conducted utilizing satellite and airborne radiometer data. Data from the 1998 Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) are utilized to detect surface water during the landfalling Hurricane Georges in both the Dominican Republic and Louisiana. Another case studied was the landfalling Tropical Storm Gert in eastern Mexico during the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment in 2005. AMPR data are compared to topographic data and vegetation indices to evaluate the significance of the surface water signature visible in the 10.7-GHz information. The results illustrate the AMPR’s utility in monitoring surface water that current satellite-based passive microwave radiometers are unable to monitor because of their coarser resolutions. This suggests the benefit of a radiometer with observing frequencies less than 11 GHz deployed on a manned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system to provide early detection in real time of expanding surface water or flooding conditions.

scholarly journals Spatially distributed sensitivity of simulated global groundwater heads and flows to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge and surface water body parameterization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reinecke ◽  
Laura Foglia ◽  
Steffen Mehl ◽  
Jonathan D. Herman ◽  
Alexander Wachholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Groundwater Model ◽  
Surface Water Body ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In global hydrological models, groundwater storages and flows are generally simulated by linear reservoir models. Recently, the first global gradient-based groundwater models were developed in order to improve the representation of groundwater-surface water interactions, capillary rise, lateral flows and human water use impacts. However, the reliability of model outputs is limited by a lack of data as well as model assumptions required due to the necessarily coarse spatial resolution. The impact of data quality is presented by showing the sensitivity of a groundwater model to changes in the only available global hydraulic conductivity data-set. To better understand the sensitivity of model output to uncertain spatially distributed parameter inputs, we present the first application of a global sensitivity method for a global-scale groundwater model using nearly 2000 steady-state model runs of the global gradient-based groundwater model G3M. By applying the Morris method in a novel domain decomposition approach that identifies global hydrological response units, spatially distributed parameter sensitivities are determined for a computationally expensive model. Results indicate that globally simulated hydraulic heads are equally sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge and surface water body elevation, though parameter sensitivities vary regionally. For large areas of the globe, rivers are simulated to be either losing or gaining, depending on the parameter combination, indicating a high uncertainty of simulating the direction of flow between the two compartments. Mountainous and dry regions show a high variance in simulated head due to numerical difficulties of the model, limiting the reliability of computed sensitivities in these regions. This instability is likely caused by the uncertainty in surface water body elevation. We conclude that maps of spatially distributed sensitivities can help to understand complex behaviour of models that incorporate data with varying spatial uncertainties. The findings support the selection of possible calibration parameters and help to anticipate challenges for a transient coupling of the model.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE EXPERIMENTS IN LARISA PREFECTURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
G. Soulios ◽  
K. Voudouris ◽  
D. Kalfountzos ◽  
T. Kaklis ◽  
M. Sotiriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Pilot Tests

Thessaly is the most important agricultural region in Greece and their economic development is influenced by the availability of water resources. During the last decades the overexploitation has lowered the groundwater level. The paper presents the results of artificial recharge in the aquifer system of Larisa prefecture through injection borehole and trench. The experiments took place during the period March - April 2006. The field experiments provided useful guidance on the planning of pilot tests, data monitoring and analysis, which can also be applied to other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions. Finally, this work confirms that groundwater recharge using the wintertime torrential flows is an environmentally acceptable solution, as part of an integrated water resources management strategy.

Raindrop driven erosion – what is in the black box ?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kinnell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Raindrop Impact ◽  
Rainfall Erosion

<p>Raindrop driven erosion – what is in the black box ?</p><p>P.I.A. Kinnell</p><p>Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia</p><p>Many experiments applying rainfall to produce erosion on soil surfaces consider the inputs and outputs in a black box situation where little or no consideration is given to the actual mechanisms controlling erosion. It is well known that rainfall erosion is caused by raindrop impact and flow forces acting singly or together. Raindrops impacting directly or through surface water detaches soil material from where it is held within the soil surface by cohesion and inter-particle friction  and erosion occurs if the detached material is transported away from the site of detachment. The movement of detached material downslope may be in the air by splash or more importantly in surface water flows where raindrop impact may induce coarse sediment may to move when sediment transport normally associated with undisturbed flow does not occur. These transport processes vary in space and time during laboratory and field experiments. How this influences the amounts of soil loss during these experiments is the subject of  this presentation .</p>

scholarly journals Spatially distributed sensitivity of simulated global groundwater heads and flows to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge, and surface water body parameterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4561-4582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reinecke ◽  
Laura Foglia ◽  
Steffen Mehl ◽  
Jonathan D. Herman ◽  
Alexander Wachholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Groundwater Model ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Surface Water Body ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In global hydrological models, groundwater storages and flows are generally simulated by linear reservoir models. Recently, the first global gradient-based groundwater models were developed in order to improve the representation of groundwater–surface-water interactions, capillary rise, lateral flows, and human water use impacts. However, the reliability of model outputs is limited by a lack of data and by uncertain model assumptions that are necessary due to the coarse spatial resolution. The impact of data quality is presented in this study by showing the sensitivity of a groundwater model to changes in the only available global hydraulic conductivity dataset. To better understand the sensitivity of model output to uncertain spatially distributed parameters, we present the first application of a global sensitivity method for a global-scale groundwater model using nearly 2000 steady-state model runs of the global gradient-based groundwater model G3M. By applying the Morris method in a novel domain decomposition approach that identifies global hydrological response units, spatially distributed parameter sensitivities are determined for a computationally expensive model. Results indicate that globally simulated hydraulic heads are equally sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge, and surface water body elevation, though parameter sensitivities vary regionally. For large areas of the globe, rivers are simulated to be either losing or gaining, depending on the parameter combination, indicating a high uncertainty in simulating the direction of flow between the two compartments. Mountainous and dry regions show a high variance in simulated head due to numerical instabilities of the model, limiting the reliability of computed sensitivities in these regions. This is likely caused by the uncertainty in surface water body elevation. We conclude that maps of spatially distributed sensitivities can help to understand the complex behavior of models that incorporate data with varying spatial uncertainties. The findings support the selection of possible calibration parameters and help to anticipate challenges for a transient coupling of the model.

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