Reactive oxygen species-cleavable self-immolative diethylstilbestrol polyester nanoparticles give rise to cancer hormone therapy with minimized side effects

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a considerably new kind of photochemotherapeutic treatment in medical field. It combines the use of three components, which are a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer is a compound activated by light. The application can be oral, topical or intravenous. It usually member of porphyrin group with ampiphilic characteristics. Photosensitizer can be of generation I, II or III, each generation step develops more specificity, selectivity and deeper tissue application. This review will discuss photosensitizer development consecutively, with its benefit and lackness. The light used is usually on red region, while the oxygen is involved in reactive oxygen species generation. Its mechanism action can go through either in type I or type II reaction. This kind of therapy is usually being used in oncology, especially in superficial and in-lining cancers, dermatology and ophthalmology field. This therapy can be safely given to patients with complication and has distinct advantages compare with other treatment such as chemotherapy and surgery. It also considerably has lesser side effects and risks. Broader application is being developed through various experiments and photosensitizer modification. Keywords: light spectrum, photoactivation, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer

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NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/536962 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Rajeshwary Ghosh ◽

Azra Alajbegovic ◽

Aldrin V. Gomes

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Side Effects ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Cell Types ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Increased Risk

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are used for a variety of conditions including pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in reducing or relieving pain are well established, and other benefits such as reducing inflammation and anticancer effects are also documented. The undesirable side effects of NSAIDs include ulcers, internal bleeding, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Some of these side effects may be due to the oxidative stress induced by NSAIDs in different tissues. NSAIDs have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cell types including cardiac and cardiovascular related cells. Increases in ROS result in increased levels of oxidized proteins which alters key intracellular signaling pathways. One of these key pathways is apoptosis which causes cell death when significantly activated. This review discusses the relationship between NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NSAID-induced ROS in CVD.

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Reactive Oxygen Species in Pathogen Clearance: The Killing Mechanisms, the Adaption Response, and the Side Effects

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.622534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Hao Li ◽

Xuedong Zhou ◽

Yuyao Huang ◽

Binyou Liao ◽

Lei Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Side Effects ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Pathogen Clearance

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are attractive weapons in both antibiotic-mediated killing and host-mediated killing. However, the involvement of ROS in antibiotic-mediated killing and complexities in host environments challenge the paradigm. In the case of bacterial pathogens, the examples of some certain pathogens thriving under ROS conditions prompt us to focus on the adaption mechanism that pathogens evolve to cope with ROS. Based on these, we here summarized the mechanisms of ROS-mediated killing of either antibiotics or the host, the examples of bacterial adaption that successful pathogens evolved to defend or thrive under ROS conditions, and the potential side effects of ROS in pathogen clearance. A brief section for new antibacterial strategies centered around ROS was also addressed.

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One-pot synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-self-immolative polyoxalate prodrug nanoparticles for hormone dependent cancer therapy with minimized side effects

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c7py00270j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (13) ◽

pp. 1999-2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anita Höcherl ◽

Eliézer Jäger ◽

Alessandro Jäger ◽

Martin Hrubý ◽

Rafał Konefał ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

One Pot ◽

One Pot Synthesis

One-pot synthesis of ROS-self-immolative polyoxalate prodrug NPs for cancer therapy.

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Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10081447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1447

Author(s):

Hayden Winter ◽

Megan J. Neufeld ◽

Lydia Makotamo ◽

Conroy Sun ◽

Andrea M. Goforth

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Side Effects ◽

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Silica Shell ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

X Ray

X-ray radiotherapy is a common method of treating cancerous tumors or other malignant lesions. The side effects of this treatment, however, can be deleterious to patient quality of life if critical tissues are affected. To potentially lower the effective doses of radiation and negative side-effects, new classes of nanoparticles are being developed to enhance reactive oxygen species production during irradiation. This report presents the synthesis and radiotherapeutic efficacy evaluation of a new nanoparticle formulation designed for this purpose, composed of a CaF2 core, mesoporous silica shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The construct was additionally doped with Tb and Eu during the CaF2 core synthesis to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) with X-ray luminescent properties for potential application in fluorescence imaging. The mesoporous silica shell was added to provide the opportunity for small molecule loading, and the polyethylene glycol coating was added to impart aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The potential of these nanomaterials to act as radiosensitizers for enhancing X-ray radiotherapy was supported by reactive oxygen species generation assays. Further, in vitro experiments indicate biocompatibility and enhanced cellular damage during X-ray radiotherapy.

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Corrigendum: Reactive Oxygen Species in Pathogen Clearance: The Killing Mechanisms, the Adaption Response, and the Side Effects

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.685133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hao Li ◽

Xuedong Zhou ◽

Yuyao Huang ◽

Binyou Liao ◽

Lei Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Side Effects ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Pathogen Clearance

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A Detailed Insight of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin with the Assessment of Parameters, Sources of ROS and Associated Mechanisms

Open Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874220301906010064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 64-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pranay Wal ◽

Nikita Saraswat ◽

Rashmi Saxena Pal ◽

Ankita Wal ◽

Madhvi Chaubey

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Side Effects ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Severe Toxicity ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Curcumin is an active constituent of Curcuma longa, which belongs to Zingiberaceae family. It is derived from the Rhizome of a perennial plant having molecular formula C21H20O6 and chemically it is (1, 7- bis (4- hydroxy - 3 methoxyphenyl) -1, 6 - heptadine - 3, 5 - diene), also known as diferuloylmethane. Curcumin has been extensively used as a herbal constituent for curing several diseases and is scientifically proven to show major effects as an anti-inflammatory agent. Objective: Inflammation is an important factor for numerous diseases including diabetes neuropathy, cancer, asthma, arthritis, and other diseases. Prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases through synthetic medications tends to have major toxicity and side effects on a large number of population. The foremost aim of this review paper is to assess the natural anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, source, and mechanism of action, potential therapeutic effect and models associated. Additionally, this paper aims to scrutinize inflammation, sources of reactive oxygen species, and pathways of reactive oxygen species generation and potential side effects of curcumin. Methods: Selection of data has been done by studying the combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline and Web of science from the year 1985- 2018 by using search keywords like “curcumin”, “anti-inflammatory”, “ROS”, “Curcuma longa”, “medicinal uses of curcumin”, “assessing parameters”, “inflammation”, “anti-oxidant” Results: On the basis of our interpretation, we have concluded that curcumin has potential therapeutic effects in different inflammatory diseases, it inhibits the inflammatory mediators, oxidation processes, and oxidative stress and has no severe toxicity on animals and humans. Conclusion: Oxidative stress is a major cause of inflammation and curcumin has a good potential for blocking it. Curcumin is also easily accessible herbal source and should be consumed in the form of food, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and further observation should be done on its therapeutic parameters, risk factors, and toxicity studies and oral viability.

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IMPACT OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON THE STANDARD SOLVENTS AND AUTOLOGOUS LIQUID TISSUES ON CYTOKINE STATUS AND NEUTROPHILS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-3-416-420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 416-420

Author(s):

Inna Antoneeva ◽

Tatyana Abakumova ◽

Sabina Pirmamedova ◽

Tatyana Gening ◽

Dinara Dolgova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Side Effects ◽

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Tumor Response ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Relative Number ◽

Oxygen Species

Chemotherapeutic treatment using standard solvents is stopped in every fourth ovarian cancer patient because of significant side effects. The autohemochemotherapy method alters the pharmacokinetics of the drug, and significantly reduces the frequency and severity of side effects. In order to compare the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using autologous liquid tissues or standard solvents on cytokine status and neutrophils in the peripheral blood we evaluated the number of neutrophils and their ability to generate reactive oxygen species, and levels of interleukin-1p, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-a in 244 primary stage III-IV ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy according to the AP scheme (cisplatin 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2) with infusion by standard intravenous method or as autohemochemotherapy. We established that the effectiveness of chemotherapy was associated with the redox status of neutrophils and cytokine status of peripheral blood, registered prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with tumor progression, increased absolute and relative number of neutrophils with reduced ability to produce reactive oxygen species is significant. For patients with a lack of tumor response, significant are the high levels of serum IL-10 and IL-18. For patients with complete or partial tumor response, significant is the decrease of IL-6 level, compared to the norm. No significant differences in neutrophil and cytokine status in both modes of infusion of chemodrugs have been established. Thus, serum IL-10, IL-18 and IL-6 may be used to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme.

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