Hydrothermal carbonization valorization as an alternative application for corn bio-ethanol by-products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 105431
Author(s):  
Kevin MacDermid-Watts ◽  
Eniola Adewakun ◽  
Trishan Deb Abhi ◽  
Ranjan Pradhan ◽  
Animesh Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation of process water from hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane industry by-products

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 27579-27589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Gomes Fregolente ◽  
Thaiz Batista Azevedo Rangel Miguel ◽  
Emilio de Castro Miguel ◽  
Camila de Almeida Melo ◽  
Altair Benedito Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

scholarly journals Hydrochar from sugarcane industry by-products: assessment of its potential use as a soil conditioner by germination and growth of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís G. Fregolente ◽  
João Vitor dos Santos ◽  
Felipe S. Mazzati ◽  
Thaiz B. A. R. Miguel ◽  
Emílio de C. Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Anthropogenic Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Abstract Background Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process to convert biomass in carbon-rich materials (hydrochar). The use of sugarcane industry by-products in HTC has been evaluated, generating a hydrochar rich in nutrients, which could be used as a soil conditioner. We raised the hypothesis that the application of hydrochar in soil can improve its nutrient characteristics, bringing a better environment and favouring plant growth, expecting a development similar to that one observed in anthropogenic soils. Results Germination studies were performed expecting a species-dependent response, using maize and tomato seeds, whose development was assessed in two soluble fractions obtained from hydrochar aiming to evaluate different rhizosphere conditions. The results showed a better development of maize, especially in the aqueous soluble fraction, whose nutrient concentration was lower than that of the acid soluble fraction, as well as the organic composition. Maize growth in soils showed a better initial development in ultisol compared to oxisol, this being inferred by root:shoot biomass ratio and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. However, the development of maize was better in anthropogenic soil compared to soils that received hydrochar. Conclusion The maize growth, compared with that carried out in anthropogenic soil, suggests that during the period evaluated the addition of hydrochar in soil did not have a negative effect upon maize development in its initial phase, and could have even favoured rooting in ultisol.

Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane industry by-products and process water reuse: structural, morphological, and fuel properties of hydrochars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vitor dos Santos ◽  
Laís Gomes Fregolente ◽  
Marcio Justi Laranja ◽  
Altair Benedito Moreira ◽  
Odair Pastor Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Process Water ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

scholarly journals Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Barbanera ◽  
Alessandro Cardarelli ◽  
Eleonora Carota ◽  
Marco Castellini ◽  
Tommaso Giannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
By Products

AbstractThis work aims at finding an alternative strategy to manage the waste generated by the winemaking industry to obtain a solid biofuel and phenolic compounds. The effect of temperature (180–260 °C), residence time (1–7 h), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (0.05–0.25) on the co-hydrothermal carbonization of vine pruning and exhausted grape pomace, by using vinasse as moisture source, is studied. The effect of the variables is investigated and optimized using the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology to maximize mass yield, fuel ratio, energy densification yield and phenols extraction yield and to minimize energy consumption. The statistical analysis shows that the carbonization temperature is a crucial parameter of the process, decreasing the product yield on one hand and improving the quality of hydrochar on the other. At the optimal conditions (246.3 °C, 1.6 h, 0.066), an hydrochar yield of 52.64% and a calorific value of 24.1 MJ/kg were obtained. Moreover, the analysis of the H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars demonstrates that carbonisation significantly improves the fuel properties of solid biofuel. Liquid by-products obtained from the HTC process are found to contain high concentrations of organic matter but the BOD/COD ratios suggest their potential valorization by biological methods.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malaťák ◽  
T. Dlabaja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lower Heating

Hydrothermal carbonization is a suitable method for energy and material recovery of wet heterogeneous kitchen waste. The paper examines the ability of the process to produce stable, energy-rich material without harmful by-products from lunch leftovers, raw potatoes, creamy yogurt and raw onions. Results of the batch experiments confirm the hypothesis that waste processing results in homogenous energy-rich (> 24 MJ/kg) and carbon-rich (> 63 % wt.) material. The biochar of creamy yogurt reaches the highest lower-heating value of 31.75 MJ/kg. In terms of energy use and emission concentrations, all samples meet legal requirements for incineration in combustion devices. Phytotoxicity tests prove the harmlessness of the liquid by-product for agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals Brewer’s Spent Grains—Valuable Beer Industry By-Product

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jackowski ◽  
Łukasz Niedźwiecki ◽  
Kacper Jagiełło ◽  
Oliwia Uchańska ◽  
Anna Trusek
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Good Material ◽  
By Products ◽  
Global Food

The brewing sector is a significant part of the global food industry. Breweries produce large quantities of wastes, including wastewater and brewer’s spent grains. Currently, upcycling of food industry by-products is one of the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this review is to present possible ways to utilize common solid by-product from the brewing sector. Brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a good material for sorption and processing into activated carbon. Another way to utilize spent grains is to use them as a fuel in raw form, after hydrothermal carbonization or as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The mentioned by-products may also be utilized in animal and human nutrition. Moreover, BSG is a waste rich in various substances that may be extracted for further utilization. It is likely that, in upcoming years, brewer’s spent grains will not be considered as a by-product, but as a desirable raw material for various branches of industry.

scholarly journals Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Urbanowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz ◽  
Mateusz Wnukowski ◽  
Przemysław Seruga ◽  
Marcin Baranowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
By Products

Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document