scholarly journals Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Urbanowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz ◽  
Mateusz Wnukowski ◽  
Przemysław Seruga ◽  
Marcin Baranowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
By Products

Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

scholarly journals Underwater Image Restoration via Non-Convex Non-Smooth Variation and Thermal Exchange Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Qingliang Jiao ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Pengyu Li ◽  
Liquan Dong ◽  
Mei Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Smooth Variation ◽  
Underwater Image ◽  
Dark Channel

The quality of underwater images is an important problem for resource detection. However, the light scattering and plankton in water can impact the quality of underwater images. In this paper, a novel underwater image restoration based on non-convex, non-smooth variation and thermal exchange optimization is proposed. Firstly, the underwater dark channel prior is used to estimate the rough transmission map. Secondly, the rough transmission map is refined by the proposed adaptive non-convex non-smooth variation. Then, Thermal Exchange Optimization is applied to compensate for the red channel of underwater images. Finally, the restored image can be estimated via the image formation model. The results show that the proposed algorithm can output high-quality images, according to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and Sediment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Darija Kožul ◽  
Snježana Romanić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
By Products ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and SedimentThis review presents methods for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), called dioxins, in soil and sediment. These compounds are produced as by-products of different combustion processes, and because of their persistency and toxicity they present a threat for animal and human health. Due to their high organic matter content, soil and sediment can accumulate dioxins and have become important secondary emission sources. Determining dioxins in these samples is complex because dioxins are present in trace levels and have to be separated from interferences whereas other classes of organic contaminants are present in higher concentrations. After sampling, follows extraction of compounds with a suitable solvent, extract clean-up from unwanted compounds, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. At the end of this review, we gave levels of PCDD/PCDFs found in soil and sediment samples.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Naidu ◽  
◽  
Chris Heywood ◽  
Richard Reed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Business Process Outsourcing ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Corporate Real Estate ◽  
Analyze Data

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is transforming Western companies’ corporate real estate (CRE) requirements. When business processes move to a developing country there are consequences for that country’s CRE practice. This paper considers the effects of western BPO on Indian CRE. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was used to analyze data from a survey of professionals operating in Indian CRE. Location issues, quality of workspace, and the availability of human resources were identified as important in establishing BPO activities in India. Suburban, and campus or built-to-suit facilities, were increasingly preferred locations and styles of workplace that were transforming Indian CRE practice. Also, the effect of western BPO was impacting on the types of CRE services being offered. With the continuing growth in BPO to ‘secondary cities’ the transformational effects on local CRE practice are likely to spread and further transform CRE practice in India.

scholarly journals Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Reinaldo Romero Vargas ◽  
Antonio Roberto Saad ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Fabrício Bau Dalmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of São Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis (E. coli) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQIM) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli, followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.

scholarly journals Lip Synchrony of Rounded and Protruded Vowels and Diphthongs in the Lithuanian-Dubbed Animated Film “Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2”

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Indrė Koverienė ◽  
Kristina Čeidaitė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Audiovisual Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Research Findings

In this article, the problems of dubbing, especially related to lip synchrony as one of the most challenging aspects of audiovisual translation, are scrutinised. Contrarily to the traditional focus on bilabials and open vowels, the object of this research is lip synchrony of both rounded and protruded vowels and diphthongs since lip rounding is a visibly marked feature, which cannot be neglected especially in close-ups. The study aims at determining the inaccuracies in lip synchrony of the mentioned phonemic group in the dubbed animated feature film Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 from English to Lithuanian. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out by employing a comparative method. The research methodology is based on the theoretical insights and assumptions provided by Frederic Chaume (2004, 2006, 2012), Richard Barsam & Dave Monahan (2010), and Indrė Koverienė (2015). The research findings demonstrate the main issues of lip synchrony a translator might face while adapting a piece of audiovisual material for the target language audience. Also, it provides insights into the quality of the overall translation of the chosen film.

scholarly journals Implementation of Long-Short Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) for Predicting The Water Quality Parameters in Sungai Selangor

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Nur Natasya Mohd Anuar ◽  
Nur Fatihah Fauzi ◽  
Huda Zuhrah Ab Halim ◽  
Nur Izzati Khairudin ◽  
Nurizatul Syarfinas Ahmad Bakhtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Predictions of future events must be factored into decision-making. Predictions of water quality are critical to assist authorities in making operational, management, and strategic decisions to keep the quality of water supply monitored under specific criteria. Taking advantage of the good performance of long short-term memory (LSTM) deep neural networks in time-series prediction, the purpose of this paper is to develop and train a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network to predict water quality parameters in the Selangor River. The primary goal of this study is to predict five (5) water quality parameters in the Selangor River, namely Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), using secondary data from different monitoring stations along the river basin. The accuracy of this method was then measured using RMSE as the forecast measure. The results show that by using the Power of Hydrogen (pH), the dataset yielded the lowest RMSE value, with a minimum of 0.2106 at station 004 and a maximum of 1.2587 at station 001. The results of the study indicate that the predicted values of the model and the actual values were in good agreement and revealed the future developing trend of water quality parameters, showing the feasibility and effectiveness of using LSTM deep neural networks to predict the quality of water parameters.

Analyzing of water quality at Ooty for drinking purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 091-099
Author(s):  
Gandhimathi A ◽  
Naresh K
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sample Water ◽  
Very High ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Analyzing of water quality at Ooty town and to provide clean and safe water. The water quality is analyzed and tabulated in this paper. So we are able to know the quality of water available in the sample taken. The water analyzed about the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. It is used to measure the appearance of sample water for the need of living. Water samples are collected from the open well (Latitude and longitude coordinates are 11.410000, 76.699997). The samples were tested for parameters like pH, turbidity, total hardness, fluoride, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, acidity, and alkalinity. The values which are obtained from each parameter were compared with the Indian Standards: 10500 (Drinking water specifications). During the summer season the water demand is very high hence from the result the water was found to be safe for drinking.

DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIALS IN INTEGRATED NATURAL SCIENCE CLASS BASED ON INQUIRY LABS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE LITERACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Yusmanila Yusmanila
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analysis Technique

The low scientific literacy of Indonesian students indicates the low quality of science/science education. Reality on the ground in the science learning process is that teachers only use textbooks and have not developed inquiry labs-based teaching materials. The research objective is to develop an integrated science teaching material based on inquiry labs that is valid, practical, and effective. The type of research is research and development (r&d). The test was conducted in class VIIB of MTsN 6 Sijunjung. The instruments used are expert validation sheets and student questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the validation of teaching materials have an average value of 89, meaning are very valid. The average practicality test results for teaching materials are 84, meaning are very practical. The results of statistical tests on students' scientific literacy tests were effective in increasing students' scientific literation

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