Understanding gaseous reduction in swine manure resulting from nanoparticle treatments under anaerobic storage conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloy Chandra Sarker ◽  
Md Borhan ◽  
Ann-Marie Fortuna ◽  
Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Gaseous Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON THE ENSILING PROCESS OF WET BREWERS’ GRAINS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. ALLEN ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Butyric Acid Production ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

The results of three experiments to study various aspects of, and treatments to improve the preservation of, wet brewers’ grain are reported. In the first experiment, brewers’ grains were sampled in a brewery from the lauter tub and holding tanks. Material from the holding tanks was also ensiled in test-tube silos and sampled at various time intervals during the 18-day study. All samples were analyzed for lactobacillus growth, organic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen content and buffering capacity. Water soluble and total non-structural carbohydrate were determined for material sampled from six separate brews. No lactobacilli were isolated from the grains sampled in the lauter tub; however, lactic acid bacteria were evident in samples from the holding tanks. The lactobacillus population increased sharply during the first 2 days of ensiling, followed by a decline over the remaining 16 days of the experiment. The results of the 18-day study suggested that a silage additive would assist in satisfactory ensiling of wet brewers’ grains. The second and third experiments were designed to study the effects of various treatments on the preservation of brewers’ grains under long-term anaerobic storage conditions. In the second experiment, the 23-liter laboratory silos were ineffective in simulating actual horizontal silo conditions in the time period allocated to the study. The lack of similarity may be related to the cool temperatures under which the laboratory silos were stored. In the third experiment, 160-ml test-tube silos were used. The control silage was poorly preserved, containing high levels of acetic and butyric acid and ammoniacal nitrogen. The material treated with both rates (0.50 and 0.75%) of formic acid and the high rate (0.75%) of the formic–propionic mixture was well preserved. The addition of molasses, although inhibiting butyric acid production, was ineffective in controlling ammoniacal nitrogen production.

Changes in Gas Release Rates and Component Concentrations During Semibatch Anaerobic Storage of Swine Manure

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Janni ◽  
J. C. Nye ◽  
D. D. Jones ◽  
V. L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

scholarly journals Emissions from Swine Manure Treated with Current Products for Mitigation of Odors and Reduction of NH3, H2S, VOC, and GHG Emissions

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Odor and gaseous emissions from the swine industry are of concern for the wellbeing of humans and livestock. Additives applied to the swine manure surface are popular, marketed products to solve this problem and relatively inexpensive and easy for farmers to use. There is no scientific data evaluating the effectiveness of many of these products. We evaluated 12 manure additive products that are currently being marketed on their effectiveness in mitigating odor and gaseous emissions from swine manure. We used a pilot-scale system simulating the storage of swine manure with a controlled ventilation of headspace and periodic addition of manure. This dataset contains measured concentrations and estimated emissions of target gases in manure headspace above treated and untreated swine manure. These include ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and odor. The experiment to test each manure additive product lasted for two months; the measurements of NH3 and H2S were completed twice a week; others were conducted weekly. The manure for each test was collected from three different farms in central Iowa to provide the necessary variety in stored swine manure properties. This dataset is useful for further analyses of gaseous emissions from swine manure under simulated storage conditions and for performance comparison of marketed products for the mitigation of gaseous emissions. Ultimately, swine farmers, the regulatory community, and the public need to have scientific data informing decisions about the usefulness of manure additives.

A review of the environmental pollution originating from the piggery industry and of the available mitigation technologies: towards the simultaneous biofiltration of swine slurry and methaneThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1946-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Girard ◽  
Josiane Nikiema ◽  
Ryszard Brzezinski ◽  
Gerardo Buelna ◽  
Michèle Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Anaerobic Storage ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Selection Of

In Canada, the piggery industry is an essential part of the agricultural sector, but the main waste product of this industry, swine slurry, is particularly harmful to the environment. The anaerobic storage conditions and the excessive use of slurry for agricultural fertilization contribute, respectively, to the emission of greenhouse gases and to aquatic pollution. This paper provides a review of these environmental concerns and of the existing mitigation technologies. Water pollution from swine slurry is associated with the nutrients it contains, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, while the main greenhouse gases produced by the piggery industry are methane and nitrous oxide. Available technologies can valorize the slurry through agricultural fertilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, by limiting nutrient availability for example, or treat the effluents using solid–liquid separation, flaring or biological processes. Specific attention is paid to biofiltration due to its potential to simultaneously treat these two types of pollution.

scholarly journals One-Time Acidification of Slurry: What Is the Most Effective Acid and Treatment Strategy?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Veronika Overmeyer ◽  
Anita Kube ◽  
Joachim Clemens ◽  
Wolfgang Büscher ◽  
Manfred Trimborn
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

Acidification of slurry is a common practice to reduce ammonia and methane emissions. Sulfuric acid is usually used for this process. However, this has been criticized due to the high sulfur input into soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show the effectiveness of a one-time acidification with alternative acids also in combination with other treatment strategies. The amount of acid as well as the change of pH value during storage were investigated. For most variants, a strong pH increase occurred within the first ten days after acidification. Mineral acids (sulfuric or hydrochloric acid) resulted in a lower pH increase compared to organic acids (lactic, acetic, and citric acid). Under anaerobic storage conditions, the pH remained significantly lower. The addition of glucose before acidification resulted in lower pH values during the first week, but in the long term, the conversion of glucose to carbonate led to higher pH values. A previous separation process was able to reduce the amount of acid. Although the pH increase was not that strong in the first days after acidification, it was much faster and stronger afterwards due to the lower buffer capacity in the separated slurry. A long-term pH reduction was achieved by acidification to pH 3.0, but this was associated with an increased amount of acid. On the basis of the results, a combination of organic acids with anaerobic storage can be recommended as an alternative to sulfuric acid.

Evaluation of Microbial Load from Canned Soya Milk Drinks in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Nur Amalina binti Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf bin Redzuan ◽  
Muhamad Hazim bin Zuraimi ◽  
Muhamad Shuhaimi bin Shuib ◽  
Shahnaz Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Two Samples

Objective: Owing to the habit of consuming ready food among the citizens of Malaysia a study was conducted to evaluate 20 samples of canned soya milk for the presence of possible microbial content. The samples were collected randomly from shopping malls, restaurants and kiosk in Ipoh Malaysia. Methods: All samples collected across Ipoh, were subjected to test for presence bacteria in nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey media. The possible microbial load was swapped from surface and soya milk content with a sterile cotton and streaked on nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey culture media. The streaked petri plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Results: The study revealed negative microbial growth in all except two samples from the surface and soya milk content collected from a restaurant in nutrient agar and blood agar medium. The presence of microbes was conformed as gram positive staphylococcus sp. through gram staining. The positive growth may be imputed to poor storage condition at the restaurant. Conclusion: It can be computed from the study that the majority of the samples were free from bacterial growth, suggesting strong in house quality control mechanism at the processing unit and exquisite storage conditions in malls and kiosk suggesting that soya milk available in malls and kiosk are fit for human consumption.

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF METOCLOPRAMIDE: AN ANTI-EMETIC DRUG

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avilash Carpenter ◽  
M.K. Gupta ◽  
Neetesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Urvashi Sharma ◽  
Rahul Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Powder Blend ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
The Stability

Aim: The main of the study is to formulate and develop orally disintegrating fast dissolving tablet of Metoclopramide hydrochloride. Material & Methods: Before formulation and development of selected drug, the standard curve in buffer was prepared and absorbance at selected maxima was taken. Then two different disintegrating agents were selected and drug was mixed with disintegrating agents in different ratio. Various Preformulation parameters and evaluation of tablet i.e. disintegration time, dissolution time, friability, hardness, thickness were measured by standard procedure. Result & Discussion: The angle of repose for all the batches prepared. The values were found to be in the range of 30.46 to 36.45, which indicates good flow property for the powder blend according to the USP. The bulk density and tapped density for all the batches varied from 0.49 to 0.54 g/mL and 0.66 to 0.73, respectively. Carr’s index values were found to be in the range of 23.33 to 25.88, which is satisfactory for the powders as well as implies that the blends have good compressibility. Hausner ratio values obtained were in the range of 1.22 to 1.36, which shows a passable flow property for the powder blend based on the USP. The results for tablet thickness and height for all batches was found to range from 4.45 to 4.72 mm and 3.67 to 3.69 mm, respectively. Hardness or breaking force of tablets for all batches was found to range from 32.8 to 36.2 N. Tablet formulations must show good mechanical strength with sufficient hardness in order to handle shipping and transportation. Friability values for all the formulations were found to be in the range of 0.22 % to 0.30 %. Conclusion: Orally disintegrating tablets were compressed in order to have sufficient mechanical strength and integrity to withstand handling, shipping and transportation. The formulation was shown to have a rapid disintegration time that complied with the USP (less than one minute). The data obtained from the stability studies indicated that the orally disintegrating mini-tablets of MTH were stable under different environmental storage conditions. Keywords: Formulation & Development, Fast Dissolving Tablet, Metoclopramide, Anti-Emetic Drug, Oral Disintegrating Tablet

METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN THYROTROPHIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Gordin ◽  
Pirkko Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Initial Binding ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT An account is given of a methodological study of the double-antibody radioimmunoassay of human TSH, using highly purified labelled human TSH as tracer. It was shown that conventional paper electrophoresis was not adequate for studying the purity of labelled human TSH. When polyvinylchloride (Pevikon®) electrophoresis was used, four subfractions could still be separated, even though, on paper electrophoresis, the material seemed to be homogeneous. Only two of the four Pevikon fractions were immunoreactive. Purification of labelled human TSH by Pevikon electrophoresis also improved the sensitivity of the assay. Specific activities of about 100 mCi/mg gave the highest initial binding capacity, produced least damage to the labelled hormone and showed the best stability of the tracer without influencing the sensitivity of the method. In different storage conditions, labelled human TSH was found to be most stable at −20°C and diluted 1/100. Only in pregnancy did the addition of HCG seem necessary. The mean TSH value in healthy subjects was 3.6 ± 1.4 μU/ml (mean±sd) with a range from 1.6 μU/ml to 8.8 μU/ml.

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