Do we see the Hawthorne effect in adherence of the general public to self-protection guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic? A Danish observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Olesen ◽  
M. Bjerregaard Feldthaus
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
General Public ◽  
Hawthorne Effect ◽  
Self Protection

scholarly journals Increasing Interest of Mass Communication Media and the General Public in the Distribution of Tweets About Mental Disorders: Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. e205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon ◽  
Angel Asunsolo del Barco ◽  
Guillermo Lahera ◽  
Javier Quintero ◽  
Francisco Ferre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
General Public ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Media

scholarly journals READY: a web-based geographical information system for enhanced flood resilience through raising awareness in citizens

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 993-1024
Author(s):  
R. Albano ◽  
A. Sole ◽  
J. Adamowski
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
General Public ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract. As evidenced by the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), flood management strategies in Europe have undergone a shift in focus in recent years. The goal of flood prevention using structural measures has been replaced by an emphasis on the management of flood risks using non-structural measures. One implication of this is that it is no longer public authorities alone who take responsibility for flood management. A broader range of stakeholders, who may experience the negative effects of flooding, also take on responsibility to protect themselves. Therefore, it is vital that information concerning flood risks are conveyed to those who may be affected in order to facilitate the self-protection of citizens. Experience shows that even where efforts have been made to communicate flood risks, problems persist. There is a need for the development of new tools, which are able to rapidly disseminate flood risk information to the general public. To be useful, these tools must be able to present information relevant to the location of the user. Moreover, the content and design of the tool need to be adjusted to laypeople's needs. Dissemination and communication influences both people's access to and understanding of natural risk information. Such a tool could be a useful aid to effective management of flood risks. To address this gap, a Web-based Geographical Information System, (WebGIS), has been developed through the collaborative efforts of a group of scientists, hazard and risk analysts and managers, GIS analysts, system developers and communication designers. This tool, called "READY: Risk, Extreme Events, Adaptation, Defend Yourself", aims to enhance the general public knowledge of flood risk, making them more capable of responding appropriately during a flood event. The READY WebGIS has allowed for the visualization and easy querying of a complex hazard and risk database thanks to a high degree of interactivity and its easily readable maps. In this way, READY has enabled fast exploration of alternative flood scenarios or past calamitous events. Combined also with a system of graphic symbols designed ad hoc for communication of self-protection behaviors, it is believed READY could lead to an increase in citizen participation, informed discussion and consensus building. The platform has been developed for a site-specific application, i.e. the Basilicata Region, Italy, has been selected as pilot application area. The goal of the prototype is to raise citizen awareness of flood risks, and to build social capacity and enhanced resilience to flood events.

scholarly journals Awareness, Recognition, and Response to Stroke among the General Public—An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Sirisha ◽  
Sireesha Jala ◽  
Sudhindra Vooturi ◽  
Praveen Kumar Yada ◽  
Subhash Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
General Public ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Speech Impairment

Abstract Objective To evaluate awareness and response to stroke among the general public. Materials and Methods In this prospective, observational study, self-reported stroke awareness questionnaire was administered in 2000 consecutive participants who visited outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. For data analysis, comparison included for awareness of stroke and response in case of stroke. Results The average age of the study participants was 39.64 ± 15.55 (17–85), with 651(32.6%) women. Among the respondents, 786(39.3%) participants mentioned stroke as blood clot in the brain; 268(13.4%) stated it as brain hemorrhage. Awareness of stroke was higher in people in cities (71.0 vs. 8.5%; p < 0.001) and graduates (75.3 vs. 60.9%; p < 0.001) or knew a family member or friend who had stroke (42.7 vs. 30.4%; p < 0.001). Most commonly recognized risk factors included stress (1,152; 57.6%) and hypertension (1,148; 57.4%). Most identified warning sign was weakness of one side of body (807; 40.4%) and speech impairment (658; 32.9%). Participants who were aware of stroke knew a greater number of risk factors (3.75 ± 2.88 vs. 2.45 ± 2.66; p < 0.001) and warning signs (2.85 ± 2.25 vs. 1.49 ± 1.41; p <0.001). Among 1,138 participants who were aware of stroke, 166 (14.6%) participants knew one correct response in case of a stroke, either call a doctor (49.3 vs. 35.0%; p <0.001) or call an ambulance (41.1 vs. 34.9%; p = 0.055). Participants who knew one correct response to stroke had at least a family member/friend who had stroke (44.1 vs. 34.3%; p < 0.022). Conclusion We report that among 56.9% of the participants who were aware of stroke most could not name more than four risk factors or three warning signs of stroke. Only 14.6% of those aware of stroke knew appropriate response to stroke.

scholarly journals Adherence of the General Public to Self-protection Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnian Jabbari ◽  
Nazanin Taraghikhah ◽  
Forouq Jabbari ◽  
Saied Ebrahimi ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly growing due to high level of contagiousness. Different measures have been taken to slow the spread of the virus. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of these key measures. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated adherence of the general public to use of PPE and their knowledge regarding the rationale behind their use. Methods: Two samples were chosen from public places (a subway station and a city store) in Tehran, Iran, one of the countries affected by COVID-19. Individuals were observed for appropriate use of PPE and interviewed regarding their knowledge on some basic self-protection information. Results: Approximately, half of the 431 participants did not take any measures to ensure hand hygiene, while those who did not use respiratory protection were far fewer. A considerable number of individuals, however, did not use these PPE correctly. On the other hand, there was a gap in the knowledge of the general public regarding different aspects of protective measures. The majority of the participants were receptive towards education on preventive measurements through public media. Conclusion: Education is an important aspect in containing the COVID-19 pandemic, as it directly increases adherence of the general public to protective measures.

Avoiding the Hawthorne Effect in a Large Sepsis Observational Study

CHEST Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 426A
Author(s):  
Bruce Krieger ◽  
Aaron West ◽  
Jenel Lengle ◽  
Barbara Johnston ◽  
Linda Morante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Hawthorne Effect

scholarly journals An Observational Study of Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior and the Hawthorne Effect

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Mangione-Smith ◽  
Marc N Elliott ◽  
Laurie McDonald ◽  
Elizabeth A McGlynn
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Hawthorne Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Behavior

scholarly journals Description Of Plumbum (Pb) Levels In Urine On Metal Smelting Workers In Small Industry Village (PIK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Luthfi Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
High Lead ◽  
Objective Research

Many lead used in a variety of industrial activity, one of them metal fusion. Lead distill most through inhalation, that comes from particle or vehicle fumes. Lead distill on worker metal fusion at Perkampungan Indutry Kecil (PIK) happened because the worker still incomplete in use self protection. High lead degree in blood, by will heart in detoxification by the kidneys as excretion organ in form of urine. Kidneys can excretion lead through urine the most is approximately 75-80%. The objective research know the level of lead (Pb) in the urine on workers metal fusion at PIK Kebasen Tegal regency. Research Methods an observational study. Nonprobability sampling technique using purposive sampling total 27 sample. The research data served in descriptive the shape of chart to describe level plumbum in urine metal fusion working. The study was conducted on January 29-30, 2020 at PIK Kebasen Tegal regency. Lead levels from 27 samples no metal fusion workers who have plumbum levels exceeding the threshold value of  0.01 mg/L.According to research conducted obtained the lead levels in urine on metal fusion workers above the threshold value is 0.01 mg/L

scholarly journals READY: a web-based geographical information system for enhanced flood resilience through raising awareness in citizens

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1645-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Albano ◽  
A. Sole ◽  
J. Adamowski
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
General Public ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract. As evidenced by the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), flood management strategies in Europe have undergone a shift in focus in recent years. The goal of flood prevention using structural measures has been replaced by an emphasis on the management of flood risks using non-structural measures. One implication of this is that public authorities alone not only take responsibility for flood management. A broader range of stakeholders, who may personally experience the negative effects of flooding, also take on responsibility for protecting themselves. Therefore, it is vital that information concerning flood risks is conveyed to those who may be affected in order to facilitate the self-protection of citizens. Experience shows that problems persist even where efforts have been made to communicate flood risks. There is a need for the development of new tools that are able to rapidly disseminate flood-risk information to the general public. To be useful these tools must be able to present information relevant to the location of the user. Moreover, the content and design of the tool need to be adjusted to laypeople's needs. Dissemination and communication influence both people's access to and understanding of natural risk information. Such a tool could be a useful aid to effective management of flood risks. To address this gap, a web-based geographical information system (WebGIS) has been developed through the collaborative efforts of a group of scientists, hazard and risk analysts and managers, GIS analysts, system developers and communication designers. This tool, called "READY: Risk, Extreme Events, Adaptation, Defend Yourself", aims to enhance the general public knowledge of flood risk, making citizens more capable of responding appropriately during a flood event. The READY WebGIS has allowed for the visualization and easy querying of a complex hazard and risk database thanks to a high degree of interactivity and easily read maps. In this way, READY has enabled fast exploration of alternative flood scenarios or past calamitous events. Combined also with a system of graphic symbols designed ad hoc for communication of self-protection behaviours, it is believed READY could lead to an increase in citizen participation, informed discussion and consensus building. The platform has been developed for a site-specific application: the Basilicata region, Italy, has been selected as pilot application area. The goal of the prototype is to raise citizen awareness of flood risks and to build social capacity and enhanced resilience to flood events.

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