Drought analysis according to shifting of climate zones to arid climate zone over Asia monsoon region

2015 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hwan Son ◽  
Deg-Hyo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Arid Climate ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Drought Analysis ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone

scholarly journals Determinants of Electrical and Thermal Energy Consumption in Hospitals According to Climate Zones in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7585
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Cygańska ◽  
Magdalena Kludacz-Alessandri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Hospital Size

Energy use in hospitals is higher than in other public buildings, so improving energy efficiency in healthcare buildings is a significant challenge in this sector of engineering. For this, it is necessary to know the various determinants of energy consumption. Until now, the main factor affecting energy consumption in healthcare facilities studied in the literature was hospital capacity. However, the commonly used variables connected with hospital size and the number of beds do not take into account the medical activities carried out in these buildings. Assuming that energy consumption in hospitals is multiple and shaped by many factors that overlap, not only on an individual level but also on a higher scale level, this study devises a more integrated approach to its determinants. This study aims to investigate the determinants of electrical energy costs (EEC) and thermal energy costs (TEC) in Polish hospitals with regard to factors related to their size, work intensity and climate zones. The analysis was carried out using financial and resource data from all Polish hospitals for the years 2010–2019. The study used a multivariate backward stepwise regression analysis. In order to use climate as a moderating variable, a sample of Polish hospitals from 16 Polish NUTS 2 was divided into four climate zones. This article provides new empirical evidence on the determinants of electricity consumption in Polish hospitals related to their size and medical activity, taking into account climate zone as a moderating variable. The results of the analysis show that both electricity and heat consumption in hospitals are positively related to the number of doctors, beds and the number of medical operations performed. As expected, larger hospitals seem to use more energy. Moreover, there is regional heterogeneity in energy consumption in hospitals related to the climatic zone in which they operate. The conducted analysis shows that Polish hospitals located in the warmest climatic zone are characterized by higher energy consumption than hospitals in the coldest zone. It especially regards EEC in surgery hospitals. The warmer the climate zones, the higher intensity in terms of the number of surgeries, the higher EEC. In terms of nonsurgical hospitals, the influence of climate zone on EEC was not observed. Knowing the factors influencing energy consumption in hospitals can facilitate the correct adoption of an energy-saving strategy in the health sector, which is a reasonable response to climate change and supports a healthy and sustainable future.

scholarly journals Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations over West Africa are influenced by climate zone and soil moisture variability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoke R. Onojeghuo ◽  
Heiko Balzter ◽  
Paul S. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability ◽  
Moisture Variability

Abstract. The annual cycles of soil moisture and NO2 have been analysed across the climate zones of West Africa using two satellite data sets (OMI on AURA and ASCAT on MetOp-A). Exploring the sources and sinks for NO2 it is clear that the densely populated urban cities including Lagos and Abuja had the highest mean NO2 concentrations (> 1.8 × 1015 molecules cm−2) indicative of the anthropogenic urban emissions. The data analysis shows that rising soil moisture levels may influence the sink of NO2 concentrations after the biomass burning. The results also show significant soil moisture changes in areas of high humidity especially in the east equatorial monsoon climate zone where most of the Niger delta is located (4 %/yr.). A decline in NO2 (0.9 %/yr.) was also observed in this climate zone. Beyond seasonal linear regression models, climate based Granger’s causality tests show that tropospheric NO2 concentrations from soil emissions in the arid steppe (Sahel) and arid desert climate zones of West Africa are significantly affected by soil moisture variability (F > 10, p  0.8 %/yr). The results demonstrate the critical sensitivity of the West African emissions of NO2 on soil moisture and climate zone.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of utility water in the arid climate zone on the examples of Kébili and Medenine regions (southern Tunisia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Latos ◽  
◽  
Karolina Sobczak-Szelc ◽  
Krzysztof Skocki ◽  
Rafał Kozłowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Southern Tunisia

scholarly journals Germination rates of four Chilean forest trees seeds: Quillaja saponaria, Prosopis chilensis, Vachellia caven, and Caesalpinia spinosa

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Âlvaro Plaza ◽  
Miguel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
Prosopis Chilensis

Data on the germination rates of four tree species, natively founded in the Chilean Mediterranean-climate zone, were determined by germination in crop chambers. The obtained data were used to interpolate or extrapolate the time taken for 50% of seeds to germinate in each case. These results are useful for regional native forest research and, in a broad sense, for its use in models to study germination dynamics in Mediterranean-climate zones.

scholarly journals Intensification characteristics of hydroclimatic extremes in the Asia monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C of global warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Bae Kim ◽  
Deg-Hyo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Global Mean Temperature

Abstract. The changes in hydroclimatic extremes are assessed over the Asia monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming targets of global mean temperature above preindustrial levels based on a representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The subregions in this domain are defined by the Köppen climate classification method to identify regional climate characteristics. The change patterns of long-term hydroclimatic mean and hydroclimatic extreme among subregions are compared based on the multimodel ensemble (MME) of selected five global climate models (GCMs). Each GCM is bias corrected and then used as a meteorological forcing for a hydrological model. To simulate how the hydrologic system responds to 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming targets, we select the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. The results of temperature extremes show significant change patterns over all climate zones. As the globe warms, the increasing warm extremes and the decreasing cold extremes with a high robustness occur more frequently over Asia. Meanwhile, changes in precipitation and runoff averages (and low runoff extremes) show large spatial variations in change patterns with little robustness based on intermodel agreement. Global warming is expected to significantly intensify maximum precipitation extremes in all climate zones. Regardless of regional climate characteristics, this behavior is expected to be enhanced under 2.0 °C compare to 1.5 °C warming scenario and cause the likelihood of flood risk. The spatial extent and magnitude of change patterns in runoff are modulated by those of change patterns in precipitation. More importantly, an extra 0.5 °C of global warming also leads to amplified change signals and more robust change patterns in hydroclimatic extremes, especially in cold (and polar) climate zones. The results of this study demonstrate that the clear changes in regional hydroclimatic extremes under warmer conditions over Asia, and hydroclimatic sensitivities differ based on regional climate characteristics.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of balconies on cooling energy demand in an arid climate zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Soufiane Boukarta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Thermal Simulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand ◽  
Generalized Regression Model

Abstract This paper explores the impact of balconies on the energy demand required for cooling in the arid climate zone of the city of Adrar, in Algeria. For the purpose to assess several situations of the balconies, we have chosen a parametric method based on a campaign of thermal simulations. The open and eliminated balcony type were selected and characterized by four parameters: the balcony to room ratio, the orientation, the window type, and the balcony position. A set of 100 simulations was selected randomly based on the Monte-Carlo probability technique. The final sample was corrected based on Cook’s distance which gave 85 simulations as a final sample size. A generalized regression model was performed to identify the impact of each parameter. The accuracy of the model is above 97% and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important factor is the balcony to room ratio which could reduce the energy demand up to 26% followed by the window type (24%), the orientation (8%) and the balcony position (5%). This conclusion stresses the idea of considering the balcony as a passive solution to reduce the cooling energy demand.

scholarly journals Intensification characteristics of hydroclimatic extremes in the Asian monsoon region under 1.5 and 2.0 °C of global warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5799-5820
Author(s):  
Jeong-Bae Kim ◽  
Deg-Hyo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Strong Robustness

Abstract. Understanding the influence of global warming on regional hydroclimatic extremes is challenging. To reduce the potential risk of extremes under future climate states, assessing the change in extreme climate events is important, especially in Asia, due to spatial variability of climate and its seasonal variability. Here, the changes in hydroclimatic extremes are assessed over the Asian monsoon region under global mean temperature warming targets of 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C above preindustrial levels based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Analyses of the subregions classified using regional climate characteristics are performed based on the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) of five bias-corrected global climate models (GCMs). For runoff extremes, the hydrologic responses to 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C global warming targets are simulated based on the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. Changes in temperature extremes show increasing warm extremes and decreasing cold extremes in all climate zones with strong robustness under global warming conditions. However, the hottest extreme temperatures occur more frequently in low-latitude regions with tropical climates. Changes in mean annual precipitation and mean annual runoff and low-runoff extremes represent the large spatial variations with weak robustness based on intermodel agreements. Global warming is expected to consistently intensify maximum extreme precipitation events (usually exceeding a 10 % increase in intensity under 2.0 ∘C of warming) in all climate zones. The precipitation change patterns directly contribute to the spatial extent and magnitude of the high-runoff extremes. Regardless of regional climate characteristics and RCPs, this behavior is expected to be enhanced under the 2.0 ∘C (compared with the 1.5 ∘C) warming scenario and increase the likelihood of flood risk (up to 10 %). More importantly, an extra 0.5 ∘C of global warming under two RCPs will amplify the change in hydroclimatic extremes on temperature, precipitation, and runoff with strong robustness, especially in cold (and polar) climate zones. The results of this study clearly show the consistent changes in regional hydroclimatic extremes related to temperature and high precipitation and suggest that hydroclimatic sensitivities can differ based on regional climate characteristics and type of extreme variables under warmer conditions over Asia.

scholarly journals Solar radiation transfer for an ice-covered lake in the central Asian arid climate zone

Inland Waters ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Cao ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Matti Leppäranta ◽  
Lauri Arvola ◽  
Jussi Huotari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Transfer ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Central Asian
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document