scholarly journals Globins Synthesize the Second Messenger Bis-(3′–5′)-Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate in Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 388 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehua Wan ◽  
Jason R. Tuckerman ◽  
Jennifer A. Saito ◽  
Tracey Allen K. Freitas ◽  
James S. Newhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Messenger ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

scholarly journals Degradation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate by a hybrid two-component protein protects Azoarcus sp. strain CIB from toluene toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. 13174-13179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaira Martín-Moldes ◽  
Blas Blázquez ◽  
Claudine Baraquet ◽  
Caroline S. Harwood ◽  
María T. Zamarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that controls diverse functions in bacteria, including transitions from planktonic to biofilm lifestyles, virulence, motility, and cell cycle. Here we describe TolR, a hybrid two-component system (HTCS), from the β-proteobacterium Azoarcus sp. strain CIB that degrades c-di-GMP in response to aromatic hydrocarbons, including toluene. This response protects cells from toluene toxicity during anaerobic growth. Whereas wild-type cells tolerated a sudden exposure to a toxic concentration of toluene, a tolR mutant strain or a strain overexpressing a diguanylate cyclase gene lost viability upon toluene shock. TolR comprises an N-terminal aromatic hydrocarbon-sensing Per–Arnt–Sim (PAS) domain, followed by an autokinase domain, a response regulator domain, and a C-terminal c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain. Autophosphorylation of TolR in response to toluene exposure initiated an intramolecular phosphotransfer to the response regulator domain that resulted in c-di-GMP degradation. The TolR protein was engineered as a functional sensor histidine kinase (TolRSK) and an independent response regulator (TolRRR). This classic two-component system (CTCS) operated less efficiently than TolR, suggesting that TolR was evolved as a HTCS to optimize signal transduction. Our results suggest that TolR enables Azoarcus sp. CIB to adapt to toxic aromatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions by modulating cellular levels of c-di-GMP. This is an additional role for c-di-GMP in bacterial physiology.

scholarly journals Burkholderia cenocepacia integrates cis-2-dodecenoic acid and cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signals to control virulence

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (49) ◽  
pp. 13006-13011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxi Yang ◽  
Chaoyu Cui ◽  
Qiumian Ye ◽  
Jinhong Kan ◽  
Shuna Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Quorum sensing (QS) signals are used by bacteria to regulate biological functions in response to cell population densities. Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) regulates cell functions in response to diverse environmental chemical and physical signals that bacteria perceive. In Burkholderia cenocepacia, the QS signal receptor RpfR degrades intracellular c-di-GMP when it senses the QS signal cis-2-dodecenoic acid, also called Burkholderia diffusible signal factor (BDSF), as a proxy for high cell density. However, it was unclear how this resulted in control of BDSF-regulated phenotypes. Here, we found that RpfR forms a complex with a regulator named GtrR (BCAL1536) to enhance its binding to target gene promoters under circumstances where the BDSF signal binds to RpfR to stimulate its c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. In the absence of BDSF, c-di-GMP binds to the RpfR-GtrR complex and inhibits its ability to control gene expression. Mutations in rpfR and gtrR had overlapping effects on both the B. cenocepacia transcriptome and BDSF-regulated phenotypes, including motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. These results show that RpfR is a QS signal receptor that also functions as a c-di-GMP sensor. This protein thus allows B. cenocepacia to integrate information about its physical and chemical surroundings as well as its population density to control diverse biological functions including virulence. This type of QS system appears to be widely distributed in beta and gamma proteobacteria.

The Insights and Perspectives of Nitric Oxide-mediated Biofilm Eradication

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingke Yuan ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Jianbing Wu ◽  
Yue Fei ◽  
Yueqi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Drug Permeability ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

: Biofilms are among the most important causes of nosocomial and recurrent infections as biofilms confer antibiotic resistance to pathogenic bacteria and protect them from the host’s immune system. Thus, it is imperative to investigate effective therapeutic agents to counteract biofilms. As an important signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in various biological and pathological processes. NO could disperse biofilm and restore the drug sensitivity by reducing intracellular cyclic-diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) levels. This review highlights recent advances on antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of NO when NO was co-administered with other antimicrobial agents. A significant improvement in drug permeability and biofilm cell targeting and reduced cytotoxicity could be attained with this strategy. In this review, we briefly lay out challenges and propose future directions in this appealing avenue of research on NO-based therapy for biofilm eradication.

scholarly journals Gene expression patterns and differential input into curli fimbriae regulation of all GGDEF/EAL domain proteins in Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sommerfeldt ◽  
Alexandra Possling ◽  
Gisela Becker ◽  
Christina Pesavento ◽  
Natalia Tschowri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Diguanylate Cyclases ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Encoding Genes

Switching from the motile planktonic bacterial lifestyle to a biofilm existence is stimulated by the signalling molecule bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic-diguanosine monophosphate (cyclic-di-GMP), which is antagonistically controlled by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs; characterized by GGDEF domains) and specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs; mostly featuring EAL domains). Here, we present the expression patterns of all 28 genes that encode GGDEF/EAL domain proteins in Escherichia coli K-12. Twenty-one genes are expressed in Luria–Bertani medium, with 15 being under σ S control. While a small subset of GGDEF/EAL proteins (YeaJ and YhjH) is dominant and modulates motility in post-exponentially growing cells, a diverse battery of GGDEF/EAL proteins is deployed during entry into stationary phase, especially in cells grown at reduced temperature (28 °C). This suggests that multiple signal input into cyclic-di-GMP control is particularly important in growth-restricted cells in an extra-host environment. Six GGDEF/EAL genes differentially control the expression of adhesive curli fimbriae. Besides the previously described ydaM, yciR, yegE and yhjH genes, these are yhdA (csrD), which stimulates the expression of the DGC YdaM and the major curli regulator CsgD, and yeaP, which contributes to expression of the curli structural operon csgBAC. Finally, we discuss why other GGDEF/EAL domain-encoding genes, despite being expressed, do not influence motility and/or curli formation.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Nitrite Transporter NirC in Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Adhesion of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Siqi Lian ◽  
Xuanqiang Gu ◽  
Qianxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

Abstract The Escherichia coli (E. coli) nirC gene encodes a nitrite transporter, which involved in transporting toxic nitrite (NO2-) from the environment into the bacteria. Although the deletion of nirC gene could cause changes in motility, adhesion in the previous study, and the virulence involved in the specified mechanism for pathogenic E. coli remains to be known. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the role of NirC in a serotype O2:K1:H7 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain. For this purpose, we generated a NirC-deficient mutant of APEC XM strain and examined its biological characteristics. The nirC gene deletion mutant enhanced ability of motility, decreased in biofilm formation, and it markedly reduced ability to adhere mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell b.End3 cells. For understanding its mechanism, sequentially we detected and found the stress regulator rpoS and its downstream genes csrA were up-regulated in NirC-deficient mutant while diguanylate cyclase gene dgcT was down-regulated. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiment, we demonstrated the concentration of intracellular 3',5'-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) significantly decrease in nirC gene deletion mutant. Taken data together, we may make a conclusion with a possible signal pathway clue, due to NirC mutation, environmental NO2- accumulation leads to nitrite stress and inactivates c-di-GMP synthesis by stimulating the stress regulator RpoS, resulting in changes of biological characteristics.

scholarly journals BIOPREPARATION FOR IN SITU ANTITUMOR VACCINATION

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (45) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
A. Zinchenko ◽  
L. Birichevskaya ◽  
A, Shchokolova ◽  
P. Krasochko ◽  
A. Barashkov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

The present study is focused on the first attempt to use an enzymatically produced biological preparation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (cyclic di-GMP) for the therapy of animal cancer. Feline breast carcinoma was chosen as the test model. The preparation was administered intratumorally to induce the immunogenic death of a part of the cancer cells and thus carry out the so-called in situ antitumor vaccination. Preliminary results indicate good therapeutic prospects of studied biopreparation for animal cancer treatment. In conclusion, the expedience of further trials of cyclic di-GMP preparation for in situ antitumor vaccination was stated. The need to supplement this mono-preparation with another immunostimulating adjuvant characterized by a mechanism of action distinct from that exhibited by cyclic di-GMP was emphasized. DNA preparation comprising the so-called immunostimulating CpG motifs was provided as an example of such compound. 

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