Human ultra-weak photon emission as non-invasive spectroscopic tool for diagnosis of internal states – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 112141
Author(s):  
Félix Zapata ◽  
Victoria Pastor-Ruiz ◽  
Fernando Ortega-Ojeda ◽  
Gemma Montalvo ◽  
Ana Victoria Ruiz-Zolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Emission ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Spectroscopic Tool

Analog Circuit Failure Analysis Using Time-Resolved Emission

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Cain ◽  
G.L. Woods ◽  
A. Syed ◽  
R. Herlein ◽  
Toshihiro Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Excellent Spatial Resolution ◽  
5 Ghz

Abstract Time-Resolved Emission (TRE) is a popular technique for non-invasive acquisition of time-domain waveforms from active nodes through the backside of an integrated circuit. [1] State-of-the art TRE systems offer high bandwidths (> 5 GHz), excellent spatial resolution (0.25um), and complete visibility of all nodes on the chip. TRE waveforms are typically used for detecting incorrect signal levels, race conditions, and/or timing faults with resolution of a few ps. However, extracting the exact voltage behavior from a TRE waveform is usually difficult because dynamic photon emission is a highly nonlinear process. This has limited the perceived utility of TRE in diagnosing analog circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate extraction of voltage waveforms in passing and failing conditions from a small-swing, differential logic circuit. The voltage waveforms obtained were crucial in corroborating a theory for some failures inside an 0.18um ASIC.

Abstract 14953: Temporal Trends in Non-invasive Diagnostic Tests for Ischemic Heart Disease Among Us Adults Age 64 Years or Younger: Results From the Marketscan Survey, 2010-2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoun Park ◽  
Yuling Hong ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Robert Merritt ◽  
Laurence Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Exercise Ecg

Introduction: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) accounts for two thirds of heart disease deaths. Non-invasive cardiovascular tests (NITs) are often the first step to establish an IHD diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed 2010-2018 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Databases. NITs including exercise ECG, stress echocardiography, CT coronary artery calcification score (CT-CAC), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), cardiac CT angiography (CTA), nuclear positron emission tomography/myocardial perfusion imaging (PET/MPI), stress MRI, were identified using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes. IHD using ICD 9/10 codes (410-414, 429.2/I20-I25) and chest pain (786.59/R07.89) or unspecified chest pain (786.50/R07.9) were identified. The 2000 Census population was used to calculate the age standardized prevalence. Results: The data included 20,726,587 individuals (48.1% men, mean age (standard deviation) of 49.1 (13.5) years), among which 67,339 had a diagnosis of IHD or chest pain in 2018. The age standardized prevalence of the overall population that had at least one of the 7 tests is 1.60% in 2018, down from 2.47% in 2010. The responding prevalence for those with IHD or chest pain was 54.3% in 2018 and 61.6% in 2010. Exercise ECG was the most utilized test for the overall population: 0.94% in 2018 down from 1.31% in 2010; SPECT was second most often used with 0.75% in 2018 and 1.24% in 2010. However, SPECT was the most often utilized test among those with CHD or chest pain: 38.2% in 2018, down from 45.0% in 2010, and exercise ECG second most often with 32.6% in 2018 and 34.9% in 2010. An increase in use of CT-CAC, PET/MPI, and CTA tests was observed since 2010, but the prevalence of all were low in 2018. 0.02%. 0.01%, and 0.04% for the overall population and 0.20%, 0.95% and 3.20% for those with IHD or chest pain, respectively. Conclusions: Almost 2% of the general younger US adult population and over half of those with IHD or chest pain had undergone at least one of 7 NITs in 2018. While the utilization of overall NITs for both the general population and those with IHD or chest pain has declined since 2010, it has increased for CT-CAC, PET/MPI, and CTA but still less than 1% for CT-CAC and PET/MPI..

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

scholarly journals Ultraweak Photon Emission as a Non-Invasive Health Assessment: A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e87401 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ives ◽  
Eduard P. A. van Wijk ◽  
Namuun Bat ◽  
Cindy Crawford ◽  
Avi Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Ultraviolet A irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission with characteristic spectral patterns from biomolecules present in human skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tsuchida ◽  
Masaki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spectral Patterns

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with photoaging of the skin as well as with skin cancer, and is therefore, critical to monitor. Ultraweak photon emission (UPE) is extremely weak light generated during the oxidative process in the living body and has been used as a non-invasive and label-free marker for the evaluation of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of UPE generation is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying UPE generation by analyzing the spectra of UPE generated from biomolecules in the skin during ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. The spectra of UVA-induced UPE generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elastin, phospholipids, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid were measured, and the spectrum of human skin tissue was also obtained. The spectral patterns varied for the different biomolecules and the peaks were distinct from those of the skin tissue. These results suggested that the UPE generated from skin tissue is a collection of light emitted by biomolecules. Moreover, we proposed that UPE is generated through a photosensitization reaction and energy transfer. The identified characteristic spectral patterns of UPE can be useful to elucidate UVA-induced oxidative stress in the skin, with implications for prevention and treatment of photoaging and skin diseases.

Non-invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission (UPE)-measurement. I: mechanisms of UPE of biological materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 071018045710001-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Faryar Khabiri ◽  
Ralf Hagens ◽  
Christoph Smuda ◽  
Andreas Soltau ◽  
Volker Schreiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Emission ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Non-invasive Beta-cell Imaging: Visualization, Quantification, and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Murakami ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujimoto ◽  
Nobuya Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Non Invasive

Pancreatic beta (β)-cell dysfunction and reduced mass play a central role in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Conventional histological β-cell mass (BCM) analysis is invasive and limited to cross-sectional observations in a restricted sampling area. However, the non-invasive evaluation of BCM remains elusive, and practical in vivo and clinical techniques for β-cell-specific imaging are yet to be established. The lack of such techniques hampers a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological role of BCM in diabetes, the implementation of personalized BCM-based diabetes management, and the development of antidiabetic therapies targeting BCM preservation and restoration. Nuclear medical techniques have recently triggered a major leap in this field. In particular, radioisotope-labeled probes using exendin peptides that include glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist and antagonist have been employed in positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. These probes have demonstrated high specificity to β cells and provide clear images accurately showing uptake in the pancreas and transplanted islets in preclinical in vivo and clinical studies. One of these probes, 111indium-labeled exendin-4 derivative ([Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4), has captured the longitudinal changes in BCM during the development and progression of diabetes and under antidiabetic therapies in various mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1R-targeted imaging is therefore a promising tool for non-invasive BCM evaluation. This review focuses on recent advances in non-invasive in vivo β-cell imaging for BCM evaluation in the field of diabetes; in particular, the exendin-based GLP-1R-targeted nuclear medicine techniques.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

scholarly journals A novel device for non-invasive cerebral perfusion assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tessari ◽  
Anna Maria Malagoni ◽  
Maria Elena Vannini ◽  
Paolo Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Non Invasive

Currently brain perfusion can be assessed by the means of radio-invasive methods, such as single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, or by hightech methods such as magnetic resonance imaging. These methods are known to be very expensive, with long examination time, and finally, cannot be used for assessing brain oxygen distribution in relation to exercise and/or cognition-tests. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique. In real time it is capable of measuring tissue oxygenation using portable instrumentation with a relative low cost. We and other groups previously adopted this instrument for investigation of the oxygen consumption in the muscles at rest and during exercise. NIRS can be now used to assess brain perfusion through the intact skull in human subjects by detecting changes in blood hemoglobin concentrations. Changes in perfusion can be related to both arterial and venous problems. This novel equipment features allow for a wide field of innovative applications where portability, wearability, and a small footprint are essential. The present review shows how to use it in relation to exercise protocols of the upper and lower extremities, measured in healthy people and in conditions of arterial and chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.

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