Classification rules for triply multivariate data with an AR(1) correlation structure on the repeated measures over time

AbstractIncreasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, continue to experience symptoms months after recovering from mild cases of COVID-19. Amongst these symptoms, several are related to neurological manifestations, including fatigue, anosmia, hypogeusia, headaches and hypoxia. However, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by a dysautonomia, which can aggregate all these neurological symptoms has not been prominently reported. Here, we hypothesize that dysautonomia, could occur in secondary COVID-19 infection, also referred to as “long COVID” infection. 39 participants were included from December 2020 to January 2021 for assessment by the Department of physical medicine to enhance their physical capabilities: 12 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis and fatigue, 15 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis without fatigue and 12 control participants without COVID-19 diagnosis and without fatigue. Heart rate variability (HRV) during a change in position is commonly measured to diagnose autonomic dysregulation. In this cohort, to reflect HRV, parasympathetic/sympathetic balance was estimated using the NOL index, a multiparameter artificial intelligence-driven index calculated from extracted physiological signals by the PMD-200 pain monitoring system. Repeated-measures mixed-models testing group effect were performed to analyze NOL index changes over time between groups. A significant NOL index dissociation over time between long COVID-19 participants with fatigue and control participants was observed (p = 0.046). A trend towards significant NOL index dissociation over time was observed between long COVID-19 participants without fatigue and control participants (p = 0.109). No difference over time was observed between the two groups of long COVID-19 participants (p = 0.904). Long COVID-19 participants with fatigue may exhibit a dysautonomia characterized by dysregulation of the HRV, that is reflected by the NOL index measurements, compared to control participants. Dysautonomia may explain the persistent symptoms observed in long COVID-19 patients, such as fatigue and hypoxia. Trial registration: The study was approved by the Foch IRB: IRB00012437 (Approval Number: 20-12-02) on December 16, 2020.

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Acute Comparative Effect of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on Range of Motion in Rowers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3631

Author(s):

Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽

Basilio Pueo ◽

Marta Abad-Lopez ◽

Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Foam Rolling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Alternating Treatment Design ◽

Stroke Amplitude ◽

Treatment Design ◽

Over Time

Rowers’ anthropometric characteristics and flexibility are fundamental to increase stroke amplitude and optimize power transfer. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of foam rolling and static stretching on the range of motion over time. Eight university rowers (24.8 ± 3.4 yrs., height 182.3 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 79.3 ± 4.6 kg) participated in an alternating treatment design study with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The sit and reach test was used to measure the range of motion. Both in the foam rolling and in the static stretching method, a pre-test (T0), a post-test (T1), and a post-15-min test (T2) were performed. A significant effect was observed on the range of motion over time (p < 0.001), but not for time x method interaction (p = 0.680). Significant differences were found between T0 and T1 with foam rolling and static stretching (p < 0.001, d = 0.4); p < 0.001, d = 0.6). The differences between T0 and T2 were also significant with both methods (p = 0.001, d = 0.4; p < 0.001, d = 0.4). However, no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 (p = 1.000, d = 0.1; p = 0.089, d = 0.2). Foam roller and static stretching seem to be effective methods to improve the range of motion but there seems to be no differences between them.

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PSVIII-17 Assessment of conformational changes across three parities in sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 221-222

Author(s):

Melanie D Trenhaile-Grannemann ◽

Ronald M Lewis ◽

Stephen D Kachman ◽

Kenneth J Stalder ◽

Benny E Mote

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Body Length ◽

Conformational Changes ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Random Effect ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Body Depth ◽

Conformation Changes ◽

Over Time

Abstract Conformation-based sow selection is performed prior to reaching mature size, yet little is known about how conformation changes as growth continues. To assess conformation changes, 9 conformational traits were objectively measured at 12 discrete time points between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning on 622 sows in 5 cohorts. The 9 traits included 5 body size traits (body length, body depth at the shoulder and flank, and height at the shoulder and flank) and 4 joint angles (knee, hock, and front and rear pastern). Data were analyzed with a repeated measures model (SAS V 9.4) including cohort and time point as fixed effects, sire as a random effect, and heterogeneous compound symmetry as the covariance structure. Sire variance ranged from 0.16 (body depth shoulder) to 2.00 (body length) cm2 for body size traits and 2.28 (rear pastern) to 4.22 (front pastern) degrees2 for joint angles. Cohort had an effect on all traits (P < 0.05). All traits displayed changes over time (P < 0.001). Size traits increased between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning (64.16 vs. 107.57 cm, 26.62 vs. 44.14 cm, 23.32 vs. 36.92 cm, 46.10 vs. 73.55 cm, 49.36 vs. 77.47 cm for body length, body depth shoulder and flank, and height shoulder and flank, respectively); however, they fluctuated within parity by increasing during gestation and decreasing at weaning. Knee angle decreased (164.12 vs. 150.72 degrees) while fluctuating within parity by decreasing in the second half of gestation and increasing after weaning. Front and rear pastern angles decreased over time (60.89 vs. 53.74 degrees and 64.64 vs. 55.50 degrees for front and rear pastern, respectively), while biologically negligible change was observed in hock angle (148.63 vs. 147.48 degrees). Sow conformation changes throughout life, and these changes may require consideration when making selection decisions.

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Mood and Global Symptom Changes among Psychotherapy Clients with Depressive Personality

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/208435 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Rachel E. Maddux ◽

Lars-Gunnar Lundh

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Depressive Personality ◽

Symptom Changes ◽

Psychotherapy Clients ◽

Over Time

The present study assessed the rate of depressive personality (DP), as measured by the self-report instrument depressive personality disorder inventory (DPDI), among 159 clients entering psychotherapy at an outpatient university clinic. The presenting clinical profile was evaluated for those with and without DP, including levels of depressed mood, other psychological symptoms, and global severity of psychopathology. Clients were followed naturalistically over the course of therapy, up to 40 weeks, and reassessed on these variables again after treatment. Results indicated that 44 percent of the sample qualified for DP prior to treatment, and these individuals had a comparatively more severe and complex presenting disposition than those without DP. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine between-groups changes on mood and global severity over time, with those with DP demonstrating larger reductions on both outcome variables, although still showing more symptoms after treatment, than those without DP. Only eleven percent of the sample continued to endorse DP following treatment. These findings suggest that in routine clinical situations, psychotherapy may benefit individuals with DP.

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Association between ibrutinib treatment and hypertension

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. heartjnl-2021-319110

Author(s):

Dae Hyun Lee ◽

Fahad Hawk ◽

Kieun Seok ◽

Matthew Gliksman ◽

Josephine Emole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Exact Test ◽

N 93 ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

Over Time

BackgroundIbrutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor most commonly associated with atrial fibrillation. However, additional cardiotoxicities have been identified, including accelerated hypertension. The incidence and risk factors of new or worsening hypertension following ibrutinib treatment are not as well known.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 144 patients diagnosed with B cell malignancies treated with ibrutinib (n=93) versus conventional chemoimmunotherapy (n=51) and evaluated their effects on blood pressure at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline characteristics for each treatment group. Fisher’s exact test was used to identify covariates significantly associated with the development of hypertension. Repeated measures analyses were conducted to analyse longitudinal blood pressure changes.ResultsBoth treatments had similar prevalence of baseline hypertension at 63.4% and 66.7%, respectively. There were no differences between treatments by age, sex and baseline cardiac comorbidities. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased over time with ibrutinib compared with baseline, whereas conventional chemoimmunotherapy was not associated with significant changes in blood pressure. Baseline hypertensive status did not affect the degree of blood pressure change over time. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure (defined as more than 10 mm Hg) was noted for ibrutinib (36.6%) compared with conventional chemoimmunotherapy (7.9%) at 1 month after treatment initiation. Despite being hypertensive at follow-up, 61.2% of patients who were treated with ibrutinib did not receive adequate blood pressure management (increase or addition of blood pressure medications). Within the ibrutinib group, of patients who developed more than 20 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure, only 52.9% had hypertension management changes.ConclusionsIbrutinib is associated with the development of hypertension and worsening of blood pressure. Cardiologists and oncologists must be aware of this cardiotoxicity to allow timely management of blood pressure elevations.

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Classification Based on Multivariate Repeated Measures with Time Effect on Mean Vector and an AR (1) Correlation Structure on the Repeated Measures

Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0008068320050105 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 57 (1-2) ◽

pp. 49-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anuradba Roy ◽

Ravindra Khattree

Keyword(s):

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Covariance Matrices ◽

Time Effect ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Time Effects ◽

Mean Vectors ◽

Mean Vector ◽

Over Time

In repeated measures studies how observations change over time is often of prime interest. Modelling this time effect in the context of discrimination, is the objective of this article. We study the problem of classification with multiple q-variate observations with time effect on each individual. The covariance matrices as well as mean vectors are mordelled respectively to accommodate the correlation between the successive repeated measures and to describe the time effects. Computation schemes for maximum likelihood estimation of required population parameters are provided.

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Fertility preservation and decisional regret in young breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (5_suppl) ◽

pp. 106-106

Author(s):

Samantha Rose Dewald ◽

Loki Natarajan ◽

Irene Su

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Fertility Preservation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Future Fertility ◽

Young Breast Cancer ◽

Decisional Regret ◽

Over Time

106 Background: Fertility is important to many young breast cancer survivors (YBCS), who face difficult decisions on whether to undergo fertility preservation prior to treatment. Because few longitudinal data assessing decisional regret are available, the objectives of this study were to assess longitudinal changes in decisional regret on fertility preservation following breast cancer diagnosis; determine if fertility preservation treatment decisions are related to decreased decisional regret. Methods: From 3 academic breast cancer programs, 169 YBCS younger than age 45 were recruited at diagnosis between 2009 and 2012 and followed prospectively for ovarian function. Participants completed questionnaires on fertility preservation choices and the Decisional Regret Scale (DRS) during study visits every 6 months for up to 5 years. DRS is scored 0 (no regret) to 100 (highest regret). DRS was dichotomized as none versus any decisional regret. Generalized linear models estimated the change in DRS over time and the association between patient characteristics and DRS. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 38.7 (SD 4.8). Median total follow-up was 176 days (IQR 84 to 1415 days). Enrollment DRS was available for 89 women; 48% reported decisional regret about fertility preservation (median DRS=20). Participants worried about future fertility were more likely to report decisional regret (p=0.009). 31% underwent fertility preservation, but this was not associated with decisional regret (p=0.65). In repeated measures analysis for the entire cohort, no significant change in DRS occurred over this time period (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.7). Worry about future fertility remained significantly associated with DRS over time (OR 55.1, 95% CI 7.7-395.1). Conclusions: In a cohort of YBCS, experiencing decisional regret about fertility preservation persists for years after diagnosis. Those worried about future fertility are more likely to experience decisional regret regarding fertility preservation.

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Trender i insidens og mortalitet av kreft i Norge

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v11i2.554 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Steinar Tretli ◽

Trude Eid Robsahm ◽

Elisabeth Svensson

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality ◽

English Summary ◽

Classification Rules ◽

Font Size ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Calendar Time ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Short Time ◽

Over Time

ENGLISH SUMMARYTretli S, Robsahm TE, Svensson E. Time trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Norway.Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 177-185.The aim of this study is to decribe the trends in incidence and mortality of cancer by calendar time.Most types of cancer, except those with high case fatality short time after the diagnosis, demonstrate alarger increase in incidence than in mortality over time. For persons below 70 years of age during theperiod 1931-95 the mortality rate has been close to constant. Obviously, the mortality of lung andstomach cancer has changed over time, however, these have changed in different direction and almostlevelled out. In this paper, it is discussed how registration routines, classification rules, treatment resultsand the basis of the diagnosis can influence the incidence and mortality trends.

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Random regression for modeling yield genetic trajectories in Jatropha curcas breeding

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244021

Author(s):

Marco Antônio Peixoto ◽

Rodrigo Silva Alves ◽

Igor Ferreira Coelho ◽

Jeniffer Santana Pinto Coelho Evangelista ◽

Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Variance Components ◽

High Reliability ◽

Genetic Selection ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Random Regression ◽

Ratio Test ◽

Sib Families ◽

Over Time

Random regression models (RRM) are a powerful tool to evaluate genotypic plasticity over time. However, to date, RRM remains unexplored for the analysis of repeated measures in Jatropha curcas breeding. Thus, the present work aimed to apply the random regression technique and study its possibilities for the analysis of repeated measures in Jatropha curcas breeding. To this end, the grain yield (GY) trait of 730 individuals of 73 half-sib families was evaluated over six years. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, genetic values were predicted by best linear unbiased prediction and RRM were fitted through Legendre polynomials. The best RRM was selected by Bayesian information criterion. According to the likelihood ratio test, there was genetic variability among the Jatropha curcas progenies; also, the plot and permanent environmental effects were statistically significant. The variance components and heritability estimates increased over time. Non-uniform trajectories were estimated for each progeny throughout the measures, and the area under the trajectories distinguished the progenies with higher performance. High accuracies were found for GY in all harvests, which indicates the high reliability of the results. Moderate to strong genetic correlation was observed across pairs of harvests. The genetic trajectories indicated the existence of genotype × measurement interaction, once the trajectories crossed, which implies a different ranking in each year. Our results suggest that RRM can be efficiently applied for genetic selection in Jatropha curcas breeding programs.

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