scholarly journals Study of influence of Catha edulis (Khat) chewing on oral pharmacokinetics of Irbesartan in rats using a newly developed HPLC-UV method

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Alhazmi ◽  
Mustafa A. Bakri ◽  
Yahya A. Mohzari ◽  
Yousef G. Alshigaify ◽  
Mohammed Al Bratty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Oral Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals Acute Liver Injury Associated with Khat Use in a 24-Year-Old Male

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Waters ◽  
Adam Oxner ◽  
Sigmund Krajden ◽  
Richard Sultanian
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Khat Use

Chewing khat leaves (Catha edulis) is common cultural practice in Eastern African countries. Khat has been implicated in cases of acute liver injury, sometimes leading to liver failure and requiring transplantation. We report the case of a 24-year-old gentleman presenting with symptoms of acute liver failure. Bloodwork demonstrated hepatocyte-predominant liver injury. Microbiological and serological hepatitis panels were negative, and his liver biopsy demonstrated acute cholestatic hepatitis. He admitted to regular khat use for several years prior to his presentation. His liver function tests improved with cessation of khat use. This is the first reported case of acute khat-associated hepatitis in Canada. Considering cultural practices such as khat chewing in presentations of acute liver injury are important when caring for diverse patient populations.

scholarly journals Khat Chewing and Smoking Effect on Oral Mucosa: A Clinical Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Halboub ◽  
Essam Dhaifullah ◽  
Mahmoud Abdulhuq
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Clinical Relationship ◽  
And Control

Khat (Catha Edulis Forskal) is widely cultivated in Yemen and East of Africa. The habit of chewing tender leaves and twigs of khat is deep-rooted in Yemen. Our study investigates the chronic khat chewing and smoking effect on oral mucosa. The sample (n=79) consists of two main groups, khat chewers (n=54) and control groups (n=25). Khat chewers group is divided into 4 subgroups according to duration of khat chewing and smoking habit. The control group is divided into 2 subgroups according to smoking habit. Whitening with mild corrugation, frictional keratosis and frictional keratosis with mild or sever corrugation were the clinical findings. One hundred percent of clinical findings were present on buccal mucosa of chewing side of both smokers and non-smokers whatever the duration of khat chewing period. On the vestibular and mucobuccal fold mucosa, (100 % and 73.3 %) and (60 % and 43.7 %) of the khat chewers group had clinical findings on chewing side of smokers and non-smokers according to khat chewing duration respectively. There was clinical relationship between these lesions and khat chewing, but not smoking. Khat chewing causes oral white lesions on the chewing side and it is found that smoking, clinically, does not exacerbate such lesions.

scholarly journals Khat Chewing and Lipid Profile in Human and Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Al-Duais ◽  
Yahya S. Al-Awthan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Southern Arabia

Background. Catha edulis, also known as khat or qat, is a plant that grows in East Africa and southern Arabia. Several millions of people chew the leaves and twigs of khat plant for their central stimulating amphetamine-like effects. Khat chewing is becoming more common in Europe and the United States, owing to worldwide migration. Objective. This review examines the khat ingredients, global prevalence, and legal status as well as its effects on lipid profile. Methodology. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to collect information within articles published up to April 2021 with the goal of identifying relevant studies. The proposed mechanisms of cathinone effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride were also discussed. Conclusion. The khat chewing habit is considered as a serious economic and health issue that needs specialized programs to assist those people to quit or reducing this habit.

Use and abuse of khat(Catha edulis): a review of the distribution, pharmacology, side effects and a description of psychosis attributed to khat chewing

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Pantelis ◽  
Charles G. Hindler ◽  
John C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
East African ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Psychiatric Complications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culture Of Origin

SynopsisThere have been relatively few reported cases of psychosis due to khat usage despite its heavy consumption in certain East African and Arabian countries. Four cases have been reported in the UK. We report here on three further cases of psychotic reactions to this substance in Somalian males, and emphasize the need to be aware of khat as a potential substance of abuse, with both medical and psychiatric complications. The features of khat psychoses are described and the relationship to amphetamine and ephedrine psychoses is discussed. The forensic aspects of two of the cases which involved homicide and combined homicide and suicide are highlighted, as is the possible role of social dislocation from the culture of origin.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of 17β-HSD5-induced Carcinogenicity of Catha Edulis via Molecular Modeling Approach.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Saeed ◽  
Sajda Ashraf ◽  
Rashad Alsanosi ◽  
Hassan A. Alhazmi ◽  
Mohammed AlBratty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
First Time

Background: The tradition of khat chewing has been deep-rooted in the African and Arabian Peninsula for centuries. Due to its amphetamine-like psycho-stimulant or euphoric effect, Khat has been used by millions in Somalia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The long-term use of Khat can induce tremendous health outcomes, which may be serious and irreversible. Objective: Prolong use of Khat constituents has been associated with different types of cancers such as prostatic, breast and ovarian cancer. However, it has been very difficult to identify the molecular targets involved in Khat carcinogenesis that interact with the Khat constituents by in vitro/in vivo experimental tools. Method: In silico tools to predict potential targets involved in the carcinogenesis of Khat. Pass on-line prediction server was used for the prediction of a potential molecular target for Khat constituents. Molecular Dynamics simulation and MMGBSA calculation of the predicted target. Results: Molecular Dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA calculation. Results revealed that among Khat constituents βSitosterol showed high binding affinity towards 17β-HSD5. On the other hand, this study highlights for the first time, some new interactions, which were observed in the case of cathine, cathinone and nerol during the simulation. Conclusion: In silico molecular dynamic simulation tools were used for the first time to investigate the molecular mechanism of widely used leaves of psychoactive Khat (Catha edulis) constituent, which is used extensively all over the world. The present study provides deep insight to understand the effect of Khat constituents involve in the impairment of reproductive system and its binding to 17β-HSD5. ADMET profiling also suggested that few Khat constituents do not fulfill the requirements of Lipinski rule of five i.e. poor absorption and blood-brain barrier impermeability.

scholarly journals Adverse effects of khat: a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenice Cox ◽  
Hagen Rampes
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Local People ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Plant Grown

Catha edulis (khat) is a plant grown in the countries around the Red Sea and on the eastern coast of Africa. Its leaves are chewed by the local people for their stimulant action. Its principal active constituents are cathinone and cathine, which have sympathomimetic actions. Migration of Africans from these countries has spread the habit of khat chewing to the West. Chewing khat has a number of important psychological and physical sequelae. ‘Khat-related’ psychosis is very similar to that seen following use of amphetamines.

Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk), Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Catha Edulis

In this study, we determined the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from two different varieties of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) cultivated in Ethiopia. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger type apparatus, identifications of compounds were made by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy seven different compounds were identified from essential oils of the two different khat cultivars. The essential oils in the samples from Bahir Dar and Wendo were composed of 50 and 34 compounds, respectively. The major compound identified in khat essentials oils include: limonene, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 1-hydroxy,1-phenyl-2-propanone, camphor, (sulfurous acid)-2-propylundecyl ester, hexadecane, O-mentha-1(7), 8-dien-3-ol, heptadecane, 10-methylnonadecane, (phthalic acid)-isobutyl octadecyl ester, and tritetracontane. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the oils were assessed by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The scavenging activities of the oils were 23.5-23.6 μg AAE/kg of fresh khat sample.

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