Comparative study of herbal plants on the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and toxicity on cells and zebrafish embryo

Honey is a well-known natural sweetener and is rich in natural antioxidants that prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is responsible for many human diseases. Some of the biochemical compounds in honey that contribute to this property are vitamins and phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the extent to which these molecules contribute towards the antioxidant capacity in vitro is inconsistently reported, especially with the different analytical methods used, as well as other extrinsic factors that influence these molecules’ availability. Therefore, by reviewing recently published works correlating the vitamin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in honey with its antioxidant activities in vitro, this paper will establish a relationship between these parameters. Based on the literature, vitamins do not contribute to honey’s antioxidant capacity; however, the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids has an impact on honey’s antioxidant activity.

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Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities of Ten Malaysian Wild Mushrooms

OALib ◽

10.4236/oalib.1103987 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 04 (11) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jinting Azieana ◽

Mohd Noor Zainon ◽

Abdullah Noriham ◽

Mat Nor Rohana

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Wild Mushrooms ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

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IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SIMANA LAGI APPLE ([MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.] “SIMANA LAGI”) GROWN IN EAST JAVA-INDONESIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20649 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Irda Fidrianny ◽

Dhella Fitrani ◽

Siti Kusmardiyani ◽

Defri Rizaldy ◽

Komar Ruslan

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Different Parts

Objectives: The goals of this research were to observe antioxidant properties from different parts of Simana lagi apple ([Malus domestica Borkh.] “Simana lagi”) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) and correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid content with their inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.Methods: Each sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and ABTS assays, determination of total phenolic, and flavonoid content were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and correlation with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS activities were analyzed by Pearson’s method.Results: The ethanolic leaves extract (LV3) of Simana lagi apple also exposed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (13.88 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g), while the highest total flavonoid content was presented by ethyl acetate extract (LV2) (7.21 g QE/100 g). The lowest IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity 0.19 μg/ml, and the lowest IC50 of ABTS scavenging activity 0.15 μg/ml was given by ethanolic flesh extract (FL3) of Simana lagi apple. There were significantly negative correlation between TPC in all different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.Conclusions: All different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple were categorized as very strong antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS method (except n-hexane peels extract and n-hexane LV by DPPH method, and n-hexane FE by ABTS method). The major contributor in antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple by DPPH and ABTS methods were phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple showed linear results by DPPH and ABTS methods.

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Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp) and its Classification with Chemometrics

Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22146/jfps.650 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Yuniar Intan Hartono ◽

Indah Widyastuti ◽

Hanna Zaidah Luthfah ◽

Rosy Islamadina ◽

Adelin Theresia Can ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

The Relationship ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds

Indonesia is a rich country in terms of its biodiversity. Herbs that are widely used tomaintain a healthy body comes from the Zingiberaceae family, including temu mangga. Temu mangga(Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp) is effective for relieving gastric pain, diarrhea, menstrual pain, acneand ulcers, and increasing appetite. Besides, temu mangga is considered to have antioxidant activitydue to the presence of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine thecorrelation and classification of temu mangga from various places based on total flavonoid contentand antioxidant activities. The samples were extracted with methanol, then tested for totalflavonoid content by AlCl3 method and antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical capture method.Analysis was performed using correlation coefficient value and chemometrics PCA (PrincipalComponent Analysis) and CA (Cluster Analysis) to see the relationship between total flavonoidcontent with their antioxidant activity and to see their classification. Total flavonoid content ofmethanolic extract of temu mangga gives a moderate correlation to its antioxidant activity with r =-0.6085 and clustering samples successfully determined by PCA and CA which resulted in 4 groups.Keywords: Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp, Methanolic Extract, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, PCA, CA

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Development of pasteurized coffee-flavored dairy beverage added with mint extract (Mentha x piperita)

Acta Scientiarum Technology ◽

10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.48474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e48474

Author(s):

Bruno Fischer ◽

Jean Carlo Rauschkolb ◽

Rogério Luis Cansian ◽

Ilizandra Aparecida Fernandes ◽

Alexander Junges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Product Analysis ◽

Sensory Acceptance ◽

Mentha X Piperita ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds

The aim of this work was to evaluate different concentrations of ethanol on antioxidant (phenolic and flavonoid) compounds extraction of Mentha x Piperita aiming at applying the extract in whey-based dairy beverages. The extracts were obtained by cold maceration using water and ethanol as solvents. The extract using water and 70% ethanol had a 13.83 (w w-1) yield, 61.72 mg GAE g-1 phenolic compounds extract, 37.27 mg QE g-1 flavonoid content extract and 0.056 mg mL-1 antioxidant activities. The dairy beverage formulations followed a 22 factorial design in order to evaluate the effect of whey/milk and starch addition on the physical-chemical (pH, acidity, moisture, ash, fat, protein, viscosity, and color) and sensorial characteristics (acceptability) of the product. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed for the development and validation of mathematical models for ash content, lipids, viscosity, and luminosity of the dairy beverage. The effects of whey/milk and starch variables on such characteristics were analyzed by the elaboration of contour curves. The product presented a lower color intensity at the highest whey concentration (75%). The product had a good sensory acceptance, and the 50 whey and 50% milk formulation presented a 7.16 points average and 79.51% acceptance index, suggesting that 50% of whey could be added up to the product’s formulation.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT ORGANS OF EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.) GROWN IN WEST JAVA-INDONESIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18584 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Irda Fidrianny ◽

Siti Winarsih ◽

Komar Ruslan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Fruit Extracts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objectives: The goals of this research were to evaluate antioxidant potential from different organs of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid content with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH, and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC50) of FRAP.Materials and Methods: Each sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and correlation with their IC50 of DPPH and EC50 of FRAP capacities were analyzed by Pearson’s method.Results: The lowest IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity 1.14 μg/ml and the lowest EC50 of FRAP capacity 49.80 μg/ml was given by ethanolic leaves extract of eggplant. Ethanolic leaves extract of eggplant also presented the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (8.87 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g), while the highest total flavonoid content was shown by ethyl acetate leaves extract (24.50 g quercetin equivalent/100 g). There was a significantly negative correlation between TPC in leaves and fruit extracts of eggplant with their IC50 of DPPH and EC50 of FRAP.Conclusions: All different extracts of eggplant organs (except n-hexane stem extract) were categorized as a very strong antioxidant by DPPH method. Phenolic compounds in eggplant leaves and fruit extracts were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by DPPH and FRAP methods. DPPH and FRAP showed linear results in antioxidant activities of eggplant leaves, fruit and stem extracts.

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Comparative Antioxidant Potential of Bark and Leaves of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb) Wight & Arn from Himachal Pradesh

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016615 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vikas Kumar ◽

Kamal Dev ◽

Anuradha Sourirajan ◽

Prem Kumar Khosla

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

The present study aimed to compare antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid content present in leaves and bark of Terminalia arjuna and check whether there is any correlation between phenolic content and flavonoid content with antioxidant activities or not. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of leaves and bark revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponin, phytosterols and phytosteroids. Total phenolic content was found to be higher in bark (272.71±3.18 mg/g gallic acid equivalents) as compared to that of leaves (95±3.11 mg/g gallic acid equivalents). Similarly, flavonoid content of ethanolic extract of bark was found to be higher (203.95±5.13 mg/g rutin equivalents) than that of leaves (87.625±4.28 mg/g rutin equivalents). DPPH activity of ethanolic extract of bark (IC50-17.41 µg/ml) was more than that of leaves (IC50-20.22µg/ml). FRAP activity of bark (IC50- 4.781 µM Fe (II) equivalents) is more than that of leaves (IC50-7.572 µM Fe (II) equivalents). Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of bark (IC50-12.87 µg/ml) was higher than that of leaves (IC50-13.91 µg/ml).The present study clearly showed that there is a correlation between total phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of leaves and bark of T. arjuna. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids could be major contributor to antioxidant activity of T. arjuna. Keywords: Terminalia arjuna, DPPH, FRAP, NO, IC50, Antioxidants

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Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and FT-NIR Analysis of Different Aspilia africana Medicinal Plant Tissues

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9917810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Denis Okello ◽

Yuseong Chung ◽

Hyoseon Kim ◽

Jun Lee ◽

Endang Rahmat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Polyphenolic Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Aspilia africana has been used for generations to treat many diseases in Africa. Its biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, are attributed to a number of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids and polyphenolics. The antioxidant activities of A. africana callus (CA), juvenile in vitro leaf (IL) and root (IR), ex vitro root (SR) and leaf (SL), and wild leaf (WL) dried samples were assessed based on their diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging abilities. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of different plant samples was compared. Further, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively determine chlorogenic acid content in the A. africana plant samples. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis was also carried out to compare the antioxidant phytochemical content in the A. africana plant tissues. Among the samples, IR, with the highest total phenolic content (167.84 ± 1.057 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (135.06 ± 0.786 mg RUE/g), and chlorogenic acid (5.23 ± 0.298 mg/g) content, had the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 27.25 ± 5.028 μg/mL), followed by WL. The lowest polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in SR. The antioxidant activities of A. africana tissues were positively correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the samples. The differences in antioxidant activities of A. africana tissues could be attributed to the difference in their polyphenolic content. Our study reports, for the first time, the antioxidant activities of A. africana callus and roots (in vitro and ex vitro). The A. africana samples IR, CA, and WL could be valuable natural sources of antioxidants that could be further exploited for the development of useful pharmaceutical products.

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Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Methanolic Extract of Stelechocarpus burahol Fruit and its Fractions

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v17i2.39170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 153-159

Author(s):

Nur Herlina ◽

Sugeng Riyanto ◽

Sudibyo Martono ◽

Abdul Rohman

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Positive Control ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Diammonium Salt ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Kepel or Stelechocarpus burahol is an exotic fruit originating from Java, Indonesia. This research was intended to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions of kepel fruit pulp (KFP) based on radical scavenging capability towards 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenildiphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH). In this study, the radical scavenging activities were also correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Among the evaluated samples, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antiradical antioxidant activity towards ABTS radical with IC50 of 0.35 μg/ml, lower than that of vitamin C (as positive control). It also showed highest antiradical activity using DPPH based assay. Methanolic extract had total phenolic content of 58.28 ± 0.37% wt/wt gallic acid equivalent, higher than its fraction. Meanwhile the petroleum ether soluble fraction revealed flavonoid content (76.06 ± 11.9%) as rutin equivalent, among the extract and fractions evaluated. Based on coefficient (R2) values, phenolics and flavonoids contents contributed to 73.09% and 30.99%% towards antiradical scavenging activities, respectively. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 153-159, 2018 (December)

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The antioxidant activities, cytotoxic properties, and identification of water-soluble compounds of Ficus deltoidea leaves

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5694 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5694 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Noor Nazirahanie Abrahim ◽

Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman ◽

Norhaniza Aminudin

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Water Soluble ◽

The Other ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Normal Liver Cell ◽

Ficus Deltoidea ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Leaves from three varieties of Ficus deltoidea, colloquially termed small- (FDS), medium- (FDM), and big-type leaf (FDB), were subjected to water extraction. The crude extracts were fractionated using water (WF) and ethyl acetate (EAF). The phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the fractions were investigated. The EAF had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the other FDS fractions. Conversely, the FDM crude extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the other FDM samples. Antioxidant activity was highest in the FDB crude extract. Ultra-high–performance liquid chromatography showed that two compounds, vitexin and coumaric acid, were present in the FDB crude extract. Additionally, the F. deltoidea leaves caused no signs of toxicity in a normal liver cell line. Our findings show that F. deltoidea varieties have excellent antioxidant activity with no cytotoxic effects on normal liver cells.

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