Suppression of horn growth in cattle by clove oil and isoeugenol

AbstractThe effectiveness of clove oil and cautery disbudding on horn growth was evaluated in goat kids. The study used 243 Saanen doe kids (4±1.0 days old; mean ± SD) on two commercial dairy goat farms, and were disbudded with either (i) clove oil injection (CLOVE), (ii) a cautery iron and bud removed (BUDOFF), or (iii) a cautery iron with bud left intact (BUDON). Each kid received a different treatment per bud, which were balanced between buds (left and right) and randomly allocated. A trained observer monitored bud growth following treatment for 3 months recording either: N: no growth, H: normal horn, S: abnormal horn (scur), or SC: soft, fibrous lump (scorn). After the final observation, buds were assessed for the probability of detecting (i) success (no growth), (ii) scurs, (iii) horns or (iv) scorns [with 95% CI]. The probability of success for BUDOFF (0.77 [0.63, 0.87]) was higher than for BUDON (0.20 [0.11, 0.34]) and CLOVE (0.09 [0.04, 0.18]; P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the probability of success for BUDON was higher than for CLOVE (P ≤ 0.05). The probability of scurs was higher for CLOVE (0.72 [0.63, 0.80]) than BUDOFF (0.25 [0.17, 0.34]) and BUDON (0.30 [0.21, 0.39]; P ≤ 0.05). There was no difference in the probability of scurs for BUDOFF and BUDON (P > 0.05). The probability of horns was higher for CLOVE (0.21 [0.15, 0.29]) than BUDON (0.02 [0.01, 0.06]; P ≤ 0.05); horns were not observed for BUDOFF. The probability of scorns for BUDON, the only treatment that led to scorns, was 0.41 (0.25, 0.60). These results suggest that BUDOFF was more effective at preventing growth than CLOVE and BUDON and appears the most effective method, of the methods tested, for disbudding kids. Future research should explore different clove oil administration methods or other alternatives to cautery disbudding that may be both efficacious and cause less pain.

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Clove Oil Delays Rather Than Prevents Scur/Horn Growth in Dairy Cattle

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci6040102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mhairi Sutherland ◽

Alan Julian ◽

Frances Huddart

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Structural Development ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Horn Growth ◽

Horn Development

The objective of this study was to evaluate if administration of clove oil prevents scur/horn growth in dairy cattle long term. At approximately 4 days of age, calves had one of four treatments assigned to each horn bud: (1) clove oil administered subcutaneously under the horn bud (CLOV, n = 132); (2) cautery disbudded and the horn bud removed (BUDOFF, n = 126); (3) cautery disbudded and the horn bud tissue left intact (BUDON, n = 129); (4) a liquid nitrogen filled probe applied to the horn bud area (CRYO, n = 131). At approximately 16 months of age, all cattle were checked for scur or horn development. A sub-set of scurs/horns from the CLOV cattle were removed to evaluate tissue and structural development. In total, 5% of CLOV buds developed into horns and 63% into scurs; 10% of the scurs looked like normally developed horns but they were not attached to the skull. Cautery disbudding prevented scur and horn development in cattle when the horn bud tissue was removed, but some scur growth was observed in the BUDON treatment. CRYO was 100% ineffective at preventing scur/horn growth. Injecting clove oil under the horn bud appeared to delay horn development, but not prevent it, when administered to 4 day old dairy calves.

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Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold, Tissue Alterations and Horn Growth in Calves after Injection of Isoeugenol or Clove Oil under the Horn Bud

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 828

Author(s):

Anna Juffinger ◽

Julia Schoiswohl ◽

Anna Stanitznig ◽

Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher ◽

Thomas Wittek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Point Interaction ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Nociceptive Threshold ◽

Horn Growth ◽

Pressure Algometer ◽

Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold ◽

Tissue Alterations

Disbudding of calves is a common, painful intervention. Due to cytotoxic and anesthetic properties, the injection of clove oil or its component isoeugenol may be less detrimental to animal welfare. We investigated mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), possible tissue alterations and horn growth for up to 12 weeks after injection of 1.5 mL clove oil (CLOV), isoeugenol (ISO) or saline (CON) or after hot-iron disbudding (BURN; with local anesthesia and sedation, n = 10/treatment). MNT was measured using von Frey filaments and a pressure algometer at four locations around the horn bud. There was a treatment*time point interaction (linear mixed model, p < 0.05). MNT decreased most strongly and for the longest time for BURN in most calves at least for 3 weeks. For ISO, the decrease was less distinct and most calves’ values returned to baseline after 1–2 weeks. MNT in CLOV was intermediate, with decreased values up to 3 weeks in some animals. 12 weeks after the treatment, horn growth was prevented in about 50% of the horns in CLOV and ISO. Tissue alterations such as swellings of the eyelids often occurred in CLOV, but less so in ISO. Our results suggest that injection of isoeugenol causes less pain and thus seems to be beneficial compared to hot-iron disbudding, while clove oil was not advantageous. Regarding the effectiveness of isoeugenol to prevent horn growth, more studies are needed.

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The effectiveness of clove oil and two different cautery disbudding methods on preventing horn growth in dairy goat kids

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0198229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0198229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Melissa N. Hempstead ◽

Joseph R. Waas ◽

Mairi Stewart ◽

Vanessa M. Cave ◽

Amanda R. Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Goat ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Horn Growth

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Gum Ghatti Coating Enriched with Clove Oil extends the post Harvest Shelf Life of Banana (Musa acuminata., cv. Robusta) Fruit Stored at Ambient Condition

THE JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.32381/jpsr.2018.34.02.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 173-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arpit V. Joshi ◽

◽

Nilanjana S. Baraiya ◽

Pinal B. Vyas ◽

T. V. Ramana Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Musa Acuminata ◽

Ambient Condition ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Gum Ghatti

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Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

Current Chromatography ◽

10.2174/2213240607999200818161356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Khadiza Fitri Shafira ◽

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Zubair Khalid Labu ◽

Abul Bashar Mohammed Helal Uddin

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Past Study ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties. Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content. Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration. Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content. Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

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Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3671

Author(s):

Magdalena Ulanowska ◽

Beata Olas

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aromatic Compound ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Current State ◽

Potential Component ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

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Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2164

Author(s):

Ignacio de la Rosa ◽

Pedro L. Castro ◽

Rafael Ginés

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Adverse Reaction ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Fish Welfare ◽

Behavioural Responses ◽

Welfare Indicators ◽

New Methods ◽

The Impact

The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.

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