Can the performance evaluation change from central government suppress illegal land use in local governments? A new interpretation of Chinese decentralisation

The scientific analysis of spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and driving factors of illegal land use is of great significance for the formulation and optimization of policies to control the emergence of illegal land use. This paper establishes two variable systems of illegal land use and its driving factors, defined the multidimensional characteristic variables of illegal land use and analyzes the relationships among them by the Pearson’s correlation coefficient; In addition, the spatial–temporal characteristics of each variable of illegal land use from 2004 to 2017 are described by the spatial autocorrelation analysis; Finally, based on the geographical detectors, the influence direction and degree of the factors of economic structure, social structure and land market behavior on the characteristics of different illegal land use are studied. The results show that the spatial agglomeration of different characteristics of illegal land use had been weakening from 2004 to 2017, but the rate of weakening was different, and L-L agglomeration changed between Xinjiang and other central-western provinces, H-H agglomeration changed in the coastal regions of the central-eastern of China, the level and ability of the central government and local governments to govern illegal land use is constantly improving on the whole; the compositional factors of economic development structure, social development structure, and land market behavior of driving factors had different influence in the degree, the location or the direction of different characteristics of illegal land use. According to the spatial–temporal characteristics and the differences of driving factors, managers can formulate differentiated illegal land use control policies, which will help to control the occurrence of illegal land use and help the settlement of illegal land use cases, and ultimately achieve sustainable development.

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Perwujudan/Implementasi Konsep Interaksi Aerotropolis Berbasis Tata Ruang di Indonesia

WARTA ARDHIA ◽

10.25104/wa.v42i4.249.195-202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Jermanto Setia Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Legal Aspect ◽

Concept Model ◽

City Formation ◽

Joint Management ◽

Commercial Area ◽

Business District ◽

Spatial Plan

Banyak kegiatan usaha atau jasa komersial di sekitar kawasan bandar udara menjadi dasar terbentuknya konsep/model kota bandara (airport city) yang merupakan embrio terbentuknya konsep aerotropolis. Konsep ini berkembang secara organik dan dimulai dari bandar udara itu sendiri, dimana bandar udara tak hanya sebatas sebagai pendukung kegiatan penerbangan. Lebih dari itu, ada berbagai jenis kegiatan bisnis lainnya, sehingga bandar udara dan wilayah sekitarnya merupakan kawasan komersial yang terintegrasi. Prinsip perencanaan aerotropolis meliputi struktur ruang wilayah, jarak, zonasi, tata guna lahan, peruntukan utama fungsi kawasan, penyediaan kawasan bisnis, integrasi, dan konektivitas. Dalam perencanaan aerotropolis diperlukan upaya koordinasi dengan para pihak untuk pengembangan terhadap tata guna lahan di sekitar bandar udara. Pendekatan konsep yang ditawarkan sebagai implementasi pengembangan aerotropolis adalah menyelaraskan konsep Aerotropolis ke dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) dan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR) Daerah; mengusulkan regulasi pendukung dari Pemerintah Daerah ke Pemerintah Pusat dalam bentuk Peraturan Presiden mengenai Pengembangan Kawasan Aerotropolis sebagai payung hukumnya; membentuk Badan Hukum Pengelola Kawasan Aerotropolis dalam rangka pelayanan satu pintu manajemen bersama-sama dengan para pemangku kepentingan. [Implementation of Aerotropolis Interaction Concept Based Spatial in Indonesia] Many business activities or commercial services that are involved around the airport serve as the basis of the concept/model of airport city formation which is later become the embryo of the aerotropolis concept. This concept evolved organically and is started from the airport itself, where the airport is not only limited as a proponent of aviation activity. Moreover, there are various kinds of other business activities, so that the airport and the surrounding area constitute as an integrated commercial area. The principle of an aerotropolis planning includes the spatial structure, distance, zoning, land-use, area function main designation, providing business district, integration, and connectivity. The aerotropolis planning requires the coordination efforts from all stakeholders for the development of the land-use around the airport. The approach concepts that are offered as the implementation of aerotropolis development are aligning the concept of aerotropolis into the regional Spatial Plan and Detailed Spatial Plan; proposing the supporting regulations from Local Governments to Central Government in the form of Presidential Regulation as the legal aspect in regard to the development of aerotropolis region; forming the legal entity for managing aerotropolis area in order to serve the users and form the joint management together with the stakeholders.

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Sustainable Land Planning in Case of Decentralized Land Authorities

10.20944/preprints202101.0507.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xieer Dai

Keyword(s):

Public Finance ◽

Land Use ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Property Tax ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Planning Time ◽

Local Public Finance ◽

Ownership Of Land

The main focus of this paper is to analyze the effect of local public finance on spatial land use through economic models and empirical evidence from Israel. The theoretic models extends the Alonso-Mill-Muth model by incorporating local public finance. The first finding is that steady population growth provides a channel for land capitalization through the mechanism of long term land property right. This implies a possible conflict of interest if ownership of land leasing revenue and the ad valorem property tax are not consistent. The empirical section examines one of the implications derived from the models highlighting a possible inconsistency between central and local governments due to land ownership centralization. This causes local tax revenue inequality among Israeli municipalities. Statistical evidence shows that cities with a larger share business land use can generate more tax without assistance from the central government, and are therefore more fiscal independent. Fiscal status has a significant effect on the planning time of residential construction. Municipalities with higher local tax revenues have shorter planning time(higher probability of acceptance) conditional on the plan’s size and other features.

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How Does Target-Based Performance Evaluation Affect the Accuracy of Energy-Saving Data: Evidence From China

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.704317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Ping Zhang ◽

Tiantian Yu ◽

Shengfeng Lu ◽

Ruting Huang

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Performance Appraisal ◽

Local Governments ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Central Government ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Appraisal System ◽

Local Officials

Energy intensity measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP has always been the main assessment indicator for the design of energy-saving policies, but its accuracy is highly dependent on the reliability of GDP data. This paper finds that the indicator accuracy is improving after the central government has included energy intensity into the performance appraisal system for local officials. This means that the energy-saving target-based performance evaluation has restrained the data misrepresentation behavior of local officials. Further mechanism analysis shows that the pressure of energy saving restricts the development of the industrial sector, which weakens the ability of local governments to manipulate GDP data, thus improving the accuracy of energy intensity statistics. These findings provide some insightful references for China’s future green development and policy design.

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OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

Jurnal Good Governance ◽

10.32834/gg.v15i2.121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Antung Deddy Radiansyah

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Regional Government ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

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Central Otago - Built on gold, growing on grass.

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2014.76.2950 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

Barrie J. Wills

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Land Use ◽

National Economy ◽

Local Community ◽

Central Government ◽

Future Generations ◽

Economic Potential ◽

District Council ◽

Definition Of

A warm welcome to our "World of Difference" to all delegates attending this conference - we hope your stay is enjoyable and that you will leave Central Otago with an enhanced appreciation of the diversity of land use and the resilient and growing economic potential that this region has to offer. Without regional wellbeing the national economy will struggle to grow, something Central Government finally seems to be realising, and the Central Otago District Council Long Term Plan 2012-2022 (LTP) signals the importance of establishing a productive economy for the local community which will aid in the economic growth of the district and seeks to create a thriving economy that will be attractive to business and residents alike. Two key principles that underpin the LTP are sustainability and affordability, with the definition of sustainability being "… development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

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Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽

10.1525/as.2020.60.5.978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 978-1003

Author(s):

Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽

Jun Xiang

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Cultural Theory ◽

Political Trust ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Multilevel Mediation ◽

Dual Pathway ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

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Current Status of Traditional Korean Medicine Services in Public Sector: A Study for Integrating Traditional Korean Medicine into Community Care System

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 493

Author(s):

Soo-Hyun Sung ◽

Minjung Park ◽

Jihye Kim ◽

Sun-Woo Jeon ◽

Angela Dong-Min Sung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Community Care ◽

Central Government ◽

The Elderly ◽

Current Status ◽

Traditional Korean Medicine ◽

Korean Medicine ◽

Service Programs ◽

Care Systems ◽

Care System

Korea is currently executing a pilot program for community care of its aging population and aims to implement community care systems on a national scale by 2025. This study examines the traditional Korean medicine (TKM) service to be provided within community care by understanding the current status of TKM services. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MoHW) sent official letters to 242 local governments (cities, districts, and counties) from October to November 2019 to survey the status of the public TKM services provided in 2018. The items of the survey included basic demographic information as well as information that could reveal how the program was implemented. In 112 local government jurisdictions (response rate 46.3%), a total of 867 TKM service programs were in place. As a result of the survey, it was revealed that they did not have any service manuals or evaluation results. To provide home-care-based TKM service for the elderly as an integrated part of a community care system, it is necessary to develop, distribute, and evaluate a standard service manual including an evaluation index by the central government.

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Public Policy Analysis on Watershed Governance in Indonesia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6615

Author(s):

Tri Sulistyaningsih ◽

Achmad Nurmandi ◽

Salahudin Salahudin ◽

Ali Roziqin ◽

Muhammad Kamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Good Governance ◽

Institutional Arrangement ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Regional Government ◽

Government Regulations ◽

Institutional Control ◽

Watershed Governance

This paper, which is focused on evaluating the policies and institutional control of the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia, aims to review government regulations on watershed governance in Indonesia. A qualitative approach to content analysis is used to explain and layout government regulations regarding planning, implementation, coordination, monitoring, evaluation, and accountability of the central and local governments in managing the Brantas watershed, East Java, Indonesia. Nvivo 12 Plus software is used to map, analyze, and create data visualization to answer research questions. This study reveals that the management regulations of the Brantas watershed, East Java, Indonesia, are based on a centralized system, which places the central government as an actor who plays an essential role in the formulation, implementation, and accountability of the Brantas watershed management. In contrast, East Java Province’s regional government only plays a role in implementing and evaluating policies. The central government previously formulated the Brantas watershed. This research contributes to strengthening the management and institutional arrangement of the central government and local governments that support the realization of good governance of the Brantas watershed. Future research needs to apply a survey research approach that focuses on evaluating the capacity of the central government and local governments in supporting good management of the Brantas watershed.

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Transfer-based decentralisation, economic growth and spatial inequality: Evidence from China’s 2002–2003 tax sharing reform

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098019856780 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 806-826

Author(s):

Fan Fan ◽

Ming Li ◽

Ran Tao ◽

Dali Yang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Value Added ◽

Spatial Inequality ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Interregional Inequality ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Per Capita ◽

Tax Sharing

China has adopted a transfer-based fiscal decentralisation scheme since the mid-1990s. In the 1994 tax sharing reform, the central government significantly raised its share of government revenue vis-à-vis local governments by taking most of the newly created value-added tax on manufacturing. One aim for the adoption of the transfer-based fiscal scheme was to channel more funds to less developed regions and rural areas, and to alleviate growing interregional inequality and urban–rural income disparity. In 2002 and 2003 the Chinese central government further grabbed 50% and 60%, respectively, of the income taxes previously assigned only to local governments while providing more fiscal transfers to the country’s poor regions and the countryside. Utilising the 2002–2003 change in China’s central–local tax sharing regime as an exogenous policy shock, we employ a Simulated Instrumental Variable approach to causally evaluate the effects of the policy shock on growth, interregional inequality and urban–rural disparity. We find the lower local tax share dis-incentivised local governments and led to lower growth. Although higher central transfers helped to reduce interregional inequalities in per capita GDP and per capita income, the equalising effects were only present for urban incomes. We argue that transfer-based decentralisation without bottom-up accountability was detrimental to economic growth and had limited impact on income redistribution.

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