Effects of calving age, breed fraction and month of calving on calving interval and survival across parities in Irish spring-calving dairy cows

The aim of study was to analyse the reproduction and factors affecting on reproduction traits of dairy cows in population of Slovak Spotted cattle from 2007 to 2016 the results for 37,274 dairy cows: days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), number of inseminations per conception (NIC), age of first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). The basic statistical analysis were analysed using the SAS version 9.3. For the actual computation a linear models with fixed effects was used: For the actual computation a linear models with fixed effects was used: yijklm = μ + HYSi + BTj+ Fk+ Bl +eijklm. The linear model represents coefficients determination R2 = 0.452117% (P < 0.001) for DFS, R2 = 0.377715% (P < 0.001) for DO, R2 = 0.348442% (P < 0.001) for NIC and R2 = 0.317128% (P < 0.001) for CI with all fixed effects. Correlation coefficients among DFS with DO, NIC, AFC and CI were r = 0.37275, r = -0.06881, r = 0.06493 and r = 0.08348. These coefficients were highly statistically significant (P < 0.001).

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Investigation of Effective Factors on Calving Interval of Cows in Faryab Province

International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Saifullah Saadat

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Research Area ◽

General Purpose ◽

Point Of View ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Meat Production ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Inadequate Nutrition

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of factors (Identification of female cows, timely insemination of identified begging cows, diseases related to the reproductive system and nutrition) on the calving interval of dairy cows in Faryab province. Whereas, the long interval between two deliveries due to the identification of female cows, the increase in the number of inseminations (due to the failure of previous insemination), poor nutritional management and genital infections cause a long interval between calving to retrieval of cows. In that case, it will significantly reduce milk production and livestock income, because calving interval is one of the most important indicators of reproduction and economic characteristics of dairy cows, which is the interval between two calving intervals. Under the best of circumstances, one cow gives birth to only one calf per year. Calves born are important from both the point of view of meat production and replacement of old and low-producing cows. Identifying the effective factors and their effects on the calving interval between dairy cows and preventing the economic losses of dairy farmers due to increasing the calving interval between calves are the general purpose of this research. In this research, Andkhoy, Qurghan and other Faryab districts were randomly selected from three villages in each district and 10 owners from each village, which included three districts, 9 villages and nine livestock, respectively. The results of the present research showed that the interval between calving of dairy cows in the research area was due to the untimely identification of female cows by herders, increasing the number of inseminations due to the failure of previous inseminations of diseases related to the reproductive system and inadequate nutrition. The average time after delivery for the uterus to return to its previous state was 465 days.

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Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jack Fahey ◽

John M. Morton ◽

Martin J. Auldist ◽

Keith L. Macmillan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Average Interval ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

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The rationale for extended lactations in dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600029779 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

C H Knight

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Simple Calculation ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Daily Production ◽

Good Management ◽

Do So ◽

Intensive System

State of the art milk production encourages an intensive system of maximising peak milk yield and minimising calving interval, epitomized by the 40 kg peak daily production and 10,000 kg 305 d lactation yield of a well bred, well fed Holstein. Given good management, milk yield typically declines at approximately 2% per week. It requires only a simple calculation to show, therefore, that this same cow would still be yielding around 20 kg of milk daily at 2 months before calving. The dilemma for the farmer is whether to dry her off or not, and if he is sensible he will probably do so. However, if he is really clever he will then change his rebreeding policy!

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A simulation study of the effects of the calving interval on milk yields of dairy cows in fixed time periods

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100020997 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Genizi ◽

H. Schindler ◽

S. Amir ◽

S. Eger ◽

M. Zarchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Distinct Advantage ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

Time Periods ◽

Calving Intervals ◽

Linear Decline

AbstractMultiparous cows were assigned before calving to three calving to first insemination intervals. Records of cows conceiving at first or second insemination, were used to construct a model of the lactation curve which incorporated peak production and the effect of progressing pregnancy. The model was used to simulate milk yield during a 4-year period for three production levels and five calving intervals. The model separated the descending part of the lactation curve into a linearly and an exponentially declining component, with the latter becoming distinct at about 20 weeks after conception. Peak yield was negatively correlated with the slope of the linear decline. Within a simulated 4-year period, cumulative milk yields at fixed time periods after calving depended upon the period chosen and the calving-to-conception interval of the cow. Late conceptions resulted in higher cumulative yields at the end of the 1st year, and in lower yields at the 2nd year end, with respect to early conceptions. Smaller differences were found between the intermediate calving intervals. During the 3rd and 4th years the early conceptions had a distinct advantage. Different rates of the linear decline, obtained for the different production levels, changed the magnitude of the yield differences between the calving intervals but not their relative ranking. The model presented offers a means for the suitable choice of the calving cycle according to the length of the period for which a cow is expected to remain in the herd.

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The relationship between fatty liver and fertility in dairy cows: a farm investigation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600037874 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 499-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

I. M. Reid ◽

Sally M. Dew ◽

R. A. Collins ◽

M. J. Ducker ◽

Glenys A. Bloomfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Liver ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fatty Infiltration ◽

Reproductive Physiology ◽

Calving Interval ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship

Earlier studies have reported a relationship between degree of fatty infiltration of the liver after calving and calving interval (Reid, Roberts & Manston, 1979; Reid, 1983). The aimof the present investigation was to relate the severity of fatty liver with cow reproductive physiology and performance.

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Correlation of Reproduction Management on Losses of Dairy Farmers in Wagir District, Malang Regency

Jurnal Medik Veteriner ◽

10.20473/jmv.vol4.iss2.2021.281-284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Rizal Maulana Ishaq ◽

Suharsono Suharsono ◽

Nenny Harijani ◽

Sri Hidanah ◽

Imam Mustofa

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Reproductive Management ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Reproduction Management

This study was conducted to find out how much losses the breeders get when their cattle experience a decline in day open (DO), service per conception (S/C), and calving interval (CI).There were 108 lactating dairy cows from the dairy farm, Wagir District, Malang Regency.The data that has been taken is then processed by analysis using linear regression method.The results of the analysis prove that reproductive management has an effect of 82% on farmer expenditure.For each setback DO per day, the farmer pays Rp. 609,05.Meanwhile, for each additional S/C the farmer pays Rp. 99,921.7.For each setback the farmer CI will incur a fee of IDR 228,54 / day.So that the equation found is expendses = 609,05 (DO) + 99,921.7 (s / c) +228,54 (CI).

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Issues arising from genetic change: Ruminants

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s146398150004053x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 53-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seerp Tamminga

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Energy Density Distribution

AbstractIn nutritional terms productivity in dairy cows is best expressed in multiples of their energy requirements for maintenance, which is directly related to Metabolic Body Weight (MBW). Energy requirements can further be specified as those for free energy (fME), ketogenic energy (kME), glucogenic energy (gME) and aminogenic energy (aME). For maintenance, energy is required in an approximate ratio fME:gME:aME of 85:5:10.For a production level of 6x maintenance the required ratio of fME:kME:gME:aME is approximately 18:31:29:22, hence 70% of the required ME has to be delivered as specific nutrients.During their productive life, dairy cattle alternate periods with high and periods with low risk of an inadequate nutrient supply. A period of high risk is between 10 days pre-partum and 90 days postpartum. High risk in this period means a high susceptibility for metabolic and reproductive disorders, many of which are interrelated. Negative Energy Balance (NEB) in early lactation is a metabolic status that is almost inevitable in high yielding dairy cows. In severe cases this is an important predisposing factor for metabolic disorders (paturient paresis, fatty liver, ketosis, displaced abomasum) and reproductive disorders (undetected heat, delayed ovarian cycle, reduced fertility, increased between calving interval).Adequate nutrient supply is required from 2 weeks pre-partum onwards. Critical issues are energy density, distribution between structural and non-structural carbohydrates and distribution between fME, kME, gME and aME. Practical solutions, which can help alleviate the metabolic and reproductive problems, could be a nutrient based feed evaluation system, a lower peak yield combined with an improved persistence and maybe a deliberately increased calving interval.

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