A new method of rock disintegration and foraminiferal extraction with the use of liquid nitrogen [LN2]. Do conventional methods lead to biased paleoecological and paleoenviromental interpretations?

2012 ◽  
Vol 86-87 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyszek Remin ◽  
Zofia Dubicka ◽  
Agata Kozłowska ◽  
Barbara Kuchta
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rock Disintegration ◽  
Conventional Methods

scholarly journals Analysis of depth-sensing indentation tests with a Knoop indenter

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Riester ◽  
T. J. Bell ◽  
A. C. Fischer-Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
New Method ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Knoop Indenter

The present work shows how data obtained in a depth-sensing indentation test using a Knoop indenter may be analyzed to provide elastic modulus and hardness of the specimen material. The method takes into account the elastic recovery along the direction of the short axis of the residual impression as the indenter is removed. If elastic recovery is not accounted for, the elastic modulus and hardness are overestimated by an amount that depends on the ratio of E/H of the specimen material. The new method of analysis expresses the elastic recovery of the short diagonal of the residual impression into an equivalent face angle for one side of the Knoop indenter. Conventional methods of analysis using this corrected angle provide results for modulus and hardness that are consistent with those obtained with other types of indenters.

scholarly journals A new method using a vessel-sealing system provides coagulation effects to various types of bleeding with less thermal damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shosaburo Oyama ◽  
Takashi Nonaka ◽  
Keitaro Matsumoto ◽  
Daisuke Taniguchi ◽  
Yasumasa Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
New Method ◽  
Porcine Liver ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Vessel Sealing System ◽  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Soft Coagulation ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Porcine Organs

Abstract Background Hemostasis is very important for a safe surgery, particularly in endoscopic surgery. Accordingly, in the last decade, vessel-sealing systems became popular as hemostatic devices. However, their use is limited due to thermal damage to organs, such as intestines and nerves. We developed a new method for safe coagulation using a vessel-sealing system, termed flat coagulation (FC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this new FC method compared to conventional coagulation methods. Methods We evaluated the thermal damage caused by various energy devices, such as the vessel-sealing system (FC method using LigaSure™), ultrasonic scissors (Sonicision™), and monopolar electrosurgery (cut/coagulation/spray/soft coagulation (SC) mode), on porcine organs, including the small intestine and liver. Furthermore, we compared the hemostasis time between the FC method and conventional methods in the superficial bleeding model using porcine mesentery. Results FC caused less thermal damage than monopolar electrosurgery’s SC mode in the porcine liver and small intestine (liver: mean depth of thermal damage, 1.91 ± 0.35 vs 3.37 ± 0.28 mm; p = 0.0015). In the superficial bleeding model, the hemostasis time of FC was significantly shorter than that of electrosurgery’s SC mode (mean, 19.54 ± 22.51 s vs 44.99 ± 21.18 s; p = 0.0046). Conclusion This study showed that the FC method caused less thermal damage to porcine small intestine and liver than conventional methods. This FC method could provide easier and faster coagulation of superficial bleeds compared to that achieved by electrosurgery’s SC mode. Therefore, this study motivates for the use of this new method to achieve hemostasis with various types of bleeds involving internal organs during endoscopic surgeries.

A Model for Non-Invasive Estimation of in Vivo Dialyzer Performances and Patient's Conductivity during Hemodialysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petitclerc ◽  
N. Goux ◽  
A.L. Reynier ◽  
B. Béné
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Model Based ◽  
On Line ◽  
Conventional Methods

On-line monitoring of hemodialysis sessions requires a non-invasive estimation of the parameters concerning the patient's status and the dialyzer performances. We describe here a model based on a new method for non-invasive dialysance and patient conductivity measurements. In this technique the same probe measures alternately the conductivity at the dialysate inlet and outlet for two different dialysate conductivity values. From these data, an appropriate model allows to determine the patient's conductivity as well as the effective dialysance of ionised solutes, that is to say the dialysance corrected for recirculation. A strong correlation is evidenced between the effective dialysance measured by this method and the urea clearance measured by conventional methods (r=0.98 for in vitro solutions; r=0.82 in in vivo situations).

Thermohydrodynamic Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing With Spot Lubrication

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
New Method ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Tilting Pad ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Tilting Pad Journal Bearing

A new method of lubricant feeding is presented for tilting pad journal bearing and its effect on the thermohydrodynamic performance of the bearing is investigated theoretically and experimentally for various operating conditions. The new method can significantly reduce the maximum pad temperature compared with conventional methods, and its effect becomes pronounced with the increase in operating shaft speed. The method is promising for high speed journal pad bearing which is rapidly decreasing a safety margin against seizure due to the dangerously rising maximum pad temperature.

scholarly journals MAST CELL STAIN FOR HISTAMINE IN FREEZE-DRIED EMBEDDED TISSUE

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER B. SHELLEY ◽  
SVEN ÖHMAN ◽  
HERBERT M. PARNES
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
New Method ◽  
Polyethylene Glycols ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Freeze Dried

A new method is described which permits staining of the histamine in mast cells of embedded tissue. Small specimens of fresh tissue, rapidly frozen in isopentane-liquid nitrogen, are dried in vacuo at –35°C, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with o-phthalaldehyde in ethyl benzene. Mast cell histamine appears bright yellow as viewed under fluorescence microscopy. The procedure is standardized, suitable for a wide variety of tissues and remarkably free of diffusion artifacts. The uncut blocks may be stored for months with no changes in later histamine-staining potential. Alternatively, embedding may be done in polyethylene glycols with satisfactory results.

A New Method for Evaluating Fatigue Life of Micro-Solder Joints in Semiconductor Structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Tanie ◽  
Takeshi Terasaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Naka
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Crack Path ◽  
New Method ◽  
Semiconductor Structures ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Solder Mask ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Crack Paths

Conventionally, the fatigue life of solder joints in semiconductor structures is estimated using Coffin-Manson’s law. However, as the structures have become miniaturized or thinner, accurately estimate fatigue life has become difficult using conventional methods. This is because the fatigue life is strongly affected by crack propagation in miniaturized or thinner joints, and the conventional methods cannot evaluate this phenomenon well. We have therefore developed a new method for evaluating fatigue life that takes into account the influence of crack propagation in micro-solder joints. In micro-solder joints, a solder crack path might propagate not only at the solder and land interface itself, but also near the interface. Many crack-propagation have been proposed, but a model that can reproduce a crack path has yet to be proposed. The fatigue life of a solder in our crack-propagation model is evaluated based on the damage that accumulates during crack propagation, and the crack paths are automatically calculated. Using this model, we analyzed the crack path of a ball grid array (BGA) structure, and we determined that the model could reproduce the above-mentioned characteristic crack paths. When the fatigue life is calculated using a finite element method, one of the most difficult issues is correcting for the effect of element size. We determined the calculated life dependency on element size, and we developed a formula for approximating this dependency in the proposed model. We then used this formula to calculate the fatigue life of three different size BGA solder joints that were subjected to mechanical fatigue testing. The calculated lives were found to correspond with the measured lives. Furthermore, we applied this method to evaluate the differences in the fatigue life of a solder-mask-defined (SMD) structure and a non-solder-mask-defined (NSMD) structure. Both are typical structures of BGA solder joints. We determined that the fatigue life of the NSMD structure was longer than that of the SMD structure. The main cause for this difference is that the crack-propagation life of the NSMD structure was longer than that of the SMD structure, even though the crack-initiation lives of both structures were the same.

scholarly journals The Use of Some Non-conventional Methods in Chemistry of Bicyclohomofarnesenic Methyl Esters

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽  
Lidia Lungu ◽  
Svetlana Blaja ◽  
Ion Dragalin ◽  
Aculina Aricu
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
New Method ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Conventional Methods

The present paper reports the results of microwave irradiation assisted method for the preparation of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters versus classical Stoll and Hinder method. Moreover, the chemical transformations of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters via anodic electrooxidation and dye-sensitized photooxidation were performed. A new method for the preparation of methyl 7-oxo-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-6,8(8)-dien-12-oate and the mechanism of electrochemical products formation are presented. The structure of all synthesized compounds was fully confirmed by spectral methods.

scholarly journals A New Method for Extracting Elevation Information of River System from Contours

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Guifang He ◽  
Minshi Liu
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
River System ◽  
New Method ◽  
River Section ◽  
Trend Surface ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Logical Error ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Low Efficiency

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Considering the existing problems in methods of extracting elevation in river system, such as low efficiency, low accuracy, elevation logic errors and other issues, this paper proposes a new method of elevation extraction based on contours. Firstly, the spatial relationship between river system and contours is constructed to improve the intersection efficiency. Secondly, the accuracy of river system elevation can be improved and river flow logical error can be avoided by using the method of interpolation of trend surface of the river section. And then, the river tree is established to avoid the logical error of river system. Many comparison experiments about efficiency, elevation accuracy and elevation logical error between this method and other two conventional methods have been carried out, and the results show that both accuracy and efficiency can be improved and there is no logical error of elevation by this method.</p>

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