scholarly journals Multi-dimensional lattices design for ultrahigh specific strength metallic structure in additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 109479
Author(s):  
Qing-Ye Jin ◽  
Jae-Hyun Yu ◽  
Kyung-Sik Ha ◽  
Wook-Jin Lee ◽  
Sang-Hu Park
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metallic Structure ◽  
Specific Strength

Mechanical Response of Different Lattice Structures Fabricated Using the CLIP Technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Saigal ◽  
John R. Tumbleston ◽  
Hendric Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Rhombic Dodecahedron ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
End Use ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production

In the rapidly growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), the focus in recent years has shifted from prototyping to manufacturing fully functional, ultralight, ultrastiff end-use parts. This research investigates the mechanical behavior of octahedral, octet, vertex centroid, dode, diamond, rhombi octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron and solid lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) technology based on 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes. The compressive stress-strain behavior of the lattice structures observed is typical of cellular structures which include a region of nominally elastic response, yielding, plastic strain hardening to a peak in strength, followed by a drop in flow stress to a plateau region and finally rapid hardening associated with contact of the deformed struts with each other as part of densification. It was found that the elastic modulus and strength of the various lattice structured materials are proportional to each other. In addition, it was found that the octahedral, octet and diamond lattice structures are amongst the most efficient based on the measured specific stiffness and specific strength.

Tantalum as a Novel Biomaterial for Bone Implant: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Ivan Putrantyo ◽  
Nikhit Anilbhai ◽  
Revati Vanjani ◽  
Brigita De Vega
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Tantalum Coatings

Titanium (Ti) has been used in metallic implants since the 1950s due to various biocompatible and mechanical properties. However, due to its high Young’s modulus, it has been modified over the years in order to produce a better biomaterial. Tantalum (Ta) has recently emerged as a new potential biomaterial for bone and dental implants. It has been reported to have better corrosion resistance and osteo-regenerative properties as compared to Ti alloys which are most widely used in the bone-implant industry. Currently, Tantalum cannot be widely used yet due to its limited availability, high melting point, and high-cost production. This review paper discusses various manufacturing methods of Tantalum alloys, including conventional and additive manufacturing and also discusses their drawbacks and shortcomings. Recent research includes surface modification of various metals using Tantalum coatings in order to combine bulk material properties of different materials and the porous surface properties of Tantalum. Design modification also plays a crucial role in controlling bulk properties. The porous design does provide a lower density, wider surface area, and more immense specific strength. In addition to improved mechanical properties, a porous design could also escalate the material's biological and permeability properties. With current advancement in additive manufacturing technology, difficulties in processing Tantalum could be resolved. Therefore, Tantalum should be considered as a serious candidate material for future bone and dental implants.

Characterization of Lattice Structures for Additive Manufacturing of Lightweight Mechanical Components

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Liverani ◽  
Adrian H. A. Lutey ◽  
Alessandro Fortunato ◽  
Alessandro Ascari
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Machine Component ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Specific Stiffness ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Tensile and compression test specimens comprising lattice structures with simple cubic, crossing-rod and body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cells are produced via SLM additive manufacturing (AM) of AISI 316L stainless steel and CoCr powder. Equivalent stress-elongation curves are obtained, with equivalent strength, specific strength, stiffness modulus and specific stiffness calculated based on specimen density and sample cross-section. The obtained results highlight the fact that analogous structures can behave very differently depending on the chosen material. While large differences are obtained in strength and stiffness between the different unit cell types, specific strength and specific stiffness vary to a lesser extent. Two case studies are presented, including a porous structure suitable for bone implants in the field of biomedical engineering and an AISI 316L food packaging machine component. The results obtained in this study provide useful guidelines and equivalent properties for designers wishing to exploit the advantages of internal lattice structures in AM.

Metallic structure functional sensor based on embedded PANDA fiber by ultrasonic additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (16) ◽  
pp. 4880
Author(s):  
Xuelan He ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Xianbin Wang ◽  
Zhenqiang Wang ◽  
Fengchun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metallic Structure ◽  
Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

scholarly journals Development of a High Strength Magnesium Alloy for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Stefan Gneiger ◽  
Johannes A. Österreicher ◽  
Aurel R. Arnoldt ◽  
Alois Birgmann ◽  
Martin Fehlbier
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Rare Earth Alloy ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Specific Part

Due to their high specific strength, magnesium alloys are promising materials for further lightweighting in mobility applications. In contrast to casting and forming processes, additive manufacturing methods allow high degrees of geometrical freedom and can generate significant weight reductions due to load-specific part design. In wire arc additive manufacturing processes, large parts can be produced with high material utilization. Process-inherent high melt temperatures and solidification rates allow for the use of magnesium alloys which are otherwise complicated to process; this enables the use of unconventional alloying systems. Here, we report the development of a Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-rare earth alloy for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Compared to parts made of commercially available filler wire, the newly developed alloy achieves a higher strength (approx. +9 MPa yield strength, +25 MPa ultimate tensile strength) in WAAM.

scholarly journals Persistent polyamorphism in the chiton tooth: From a new biomineral to inks for additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2020160118
Author(s):  
Linus Stegbauer ◽  
Paul J. M. Smeets ◽  
Robert Free ◽  
Shay G. Wallace ◽  
Mark C. Hersam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
The Rich ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Engineering structures that bridge between elements with disparate mechanical properties are a significant challenge. Organisms reap synergy by creating complex shapes that are intricately graded. For instance, the wear-resistant cusp of the chiton radula tooth works in concert with progressively softer microarchitectural units as the mollusk grazes on and erodes rock. Herein, we focus on the stylus that connects the ultrahard and stiff tooth head to the flexible radula membrane. Using techniques that are especially suited to probe the rich chemistry of iron at high spatial resolution, in particular synchrotron Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we find that the upper stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri is in fact a mineralized tissue. Remarkably, the inorganic phase is nano disperse santabarbaraite, an amorphous ferric hydroxyphosphate that has not been observed as a biomineral. The presence of two persistent polyamorphic phases, amorphous ferric phosphate and santabarbaraite, in close proximity, is a unique aspect that demonstrates the level of control over phase transformations in C. stelleri dentition. The stylus is a highly graded material in that its mineral content and mechanical properties vary by a factor of 3 to 8 over distances of a few hundred micrometers, seamlessly bridging between the soft radula and the hard tooth head. The use of amorphous phases that are low in iron and high in water content may be key to increasing the specific strength of the stylus. Finally, we show that we can distill these insights into design criteria for inks for additive manufacturing of highly tunable chitosan-based composites.

Microstructural Characteristics of Laser Metal Deposited Magnesium Alloy AZ31

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1004-1009
Author(s):  
Stefan Riekehr ◽  
Volker Ventzke ◽  
Anna Konovalovna ◽  
Nikolai Kashaev ◽  
Josephin Enz
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Structure Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Up to now, only a limited amount of metallic materials is investigated for laser additive manufacturing (LAM). However, the demand to widen the application possibilities by enlarging the range of materials for LAM is growing fast. By now, titanium and aluminium alloys are in the focus of research. In contrast, magnesium alloys are rarely used in the field of additive manufacturing, although they possess a low density in combination with a high specific strength. Currently, magnesium structures are mainly produced by casting but during the last years, the use of wrought alloys also increased. A reason for the rare use of magnesium alloys for LAM technologies might be the high flammability of magnesium powders. This difficulty can be avoided by using magnesium wire for laser metal deposition (LMD). In the present study, the microstructural characteristics of a LMD processed AZ31 magnesium alloy are investigated. For this purpose, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used. With the help of EDX and EBSD analysis, a change of the chemical composition and micro texture with structure height was identified. The relationship of microstructure and local mechanical properties was investigated with the help of Vickers micro hardness testing. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the microstructural characteristics of laser additive manufactured magnesium alloys differ from those of titanium and aluminium alloys. Thus, a wider application spectrum of LMD and magnesium alloys can be opened up.

Precipitation in Al-Li-Cu Alloys

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
J. E. O'Neal ◽  
K. K. Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications

Al-Li-Cu alloys combine high specific strength and high specific modulus and are potential candidates for aircraft structural applications. As part of an effort to optimize Al-Li-Cu alloys for specific applications, precipitation in these alloys was studied for a range of compositions, and the mechanical behavior was correlated with the microstructures.Alloys with nominal compositions of Al-4Cu-2Li-0.2Zr, Al-2.5Cu-2.5Li-0.2Zr, and Al-l.5Cu-2.5Li-0.5Mn were argon-atomized into powder at solidification rates ≈ 103°C/s. Powders were consolidated into bar stock by vacuum pressing and extruding at 400°C. Alloy specimens were solution annealed at 530°C and aged at temperatures up to 250°C, and the resultant precipitation was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The low-temperature (≲100°C) precipitation behavior of the Al-4Cu-2Li-0.2Zr alloy is a combination of the separate precipitation behaviors of Al-Cu and Al-Li alloys. The age-hardening behavior at these temperatures is characteristic of Guinier-Preston (GP) zone formation, with additional strengthening resulting from the coherent precipitation of δ’ (Al3Li, Ll2 structure), the presence of which is revealed by the selected-area diffraction pattern (SADP) shown in Figure la.

TEM study of boron additions to cobalt aluminide

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Feldewerth
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ordered Alloys ◽  
The University ◽  
Very High

In recent years an increasing emphasis has been placed on the study of high temperature intermetallic compounds for possible aerospace applications. One group of interest is the B2 aiuminides. This group of intermetaliics has a very high melting temperature, good high temperature, and excellent specific strength. These qualities make it a candidate for applications such as turbine engines. The B2 aiuminides exist over a wide range of compositions and also have a large solubility for third element substitutional additions, which may allow alloying additions to overcome their major drawback, their brittle nature.One B2 aluminide currently being studied is cobalt aluminide. Optical microscopy of CoAl alloys produced at the University of Missouri-Rolla showed a dramatic decrease in the grain size which affects the yield strength and flow stress of long range ordered alloys, and a change in the grain shape with the addition of 0.5 % boron.

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