Short-term walnut consumption increases circulating total adiponectin and apolipoprotein A concentrations, but does not affect markers of inflammation or vascular injury in obese humans with the metabolic syndrome: data from a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Abstract Background :The purpose of the present study was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in non diabetic patients of metabolic syndrome Materials and Methods: 100 patients of non diabetic metabolic syndrome were screened using 2-D Echocardiogram.Results: 34% of non diabetic patients of metabolic syndrome had diastolic dysfunction, with no association found between the components of metabolic syndrome and diastolic dysfunction. There was a strong correlation between a past history of hypertension and dyslipidemia with diastolic dysfunction.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that long standing metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for diastolic dysfunction, rather than short term elevation of the metabolic syndrome parameters. Also it is likely that Diabetes and Prediabetes itself is responsible for most of the diastolic dysfunction that is seen in metabolic syndrome

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Linoleic Acid–Rich Oil Supplementation Increases Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Alters Plasma Oxylipins in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel M Cole ◽

Sarah Puchala ◽

Jia-Yu Ke ◽

Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul ◽

Kristin Harlow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Open Label ◽

High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Hmw Adiponectin ◽

Total Adiponectin

ABSTRACT Background The onset of menopause increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with insulin sensitivity that is lower in people with MetS. Supplementing diets with linoleic acid (LA)-rich oil increased adiponectin concentrations and improved glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. The effect of LA on adipokines, especially total and the bioactive form of adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, in women with MetS is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of supplementation of the diet with an oil rich in LA on adipokines in women with MetS. The effect of the LA-rich oil (LA-oil) on oxylipins, key metabolites that may influence inflammation and metabolism, was also explored. Methods In this open-label single-arm pilot study, 18 postmenopausal nondiabetic women with MetS enrolled in a 2-phase study were instructed to consume LA-rich vegetable oil (10 mL/d) as part of their habitual diets. Women consumed an oleic acid–rich oil (OA-oil) for 4 wk followed by an LA-oil for 16 wk. Fasting concentrations of adipokines, fatty acids, oxylipins, and markers of glycemia and inflammation were measured. Results After 4 wk of OA-oil consumption, fasting glucose and total adiponectin concentrations decreased whereas fasting C-reactive protein increased. After 16 wk of LA-oil supplementation total and HMW adiponectin and plasma oxylipins increased. Markers of inflammation and glycemia were unchanged after LA-oil consumption. Conclusions Supplementation with LA-oil increased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations and altered plasma oxylipin profiles. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the links between these changes and MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02063165.

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Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I in Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome and Change in Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 3 Years in Middle-Aged Men

Stroke ◽

10.1161/01.str.0000140629.65145.3c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 2248-2252 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Karin Wallenfeldt ◽

Lena Bokemark ◽

John Wikstrand ◽

Johannes Hulthe ◽

Björn Fagerberg

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Apolipoprotein A

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Chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802001000300008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 122-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽

Maria Inês Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Immune System ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Activation

CONTEXTO: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering, in free-living populations, of cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors generally linked to insulin resistance, obesity and central obesity. Consonant with the well-established inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease, the metabolic syndrome is now being investigated in relation to its inflammatory nature. OBJETIVO: We present cross-sectional findings demonstrating that markers of inflammation correlate with components of the metabolic syndrome, and prospective findings of the ARIC Study indicating that markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction predict the development of diabetes mellitus and weight gain in adults. We present biological evidence to suggest that chronic activation of the innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome, characterizing the common soil for the causality of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Better understanding of the role of the innate immune system in these diseases may lead to important advances in the prediction and management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in dogs with chronic enteropathies: double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104241 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 182 (9) ◽

pp. 258-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simona D’Angelo ◽

Federico Fracassi ◽

Francesca Bresciani ◽

Roberta Galuppi ◽

Alessia Diana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Condition Score ◽

Activity Index ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Short Term ◽

Chronic Enteropathies ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Double Blinded

Saccharomyces boulardii is used to treat acute and chronic enteropathies in humans, but to date, no studies have evaluated the use of this yeast in dogs. The current study, a prospective non-randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, evaluated the effects of S boulardii in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies (CE). Four healthy dogs and 20 dogs with CE were included. In healthy dogs, S boulardii was administered for 10 days. Possible short-term adverse effects were recorded, and quantitative stool cultures for yeasts were performed. In dogs with CE, S boulardii or a placebo was administered in addition to standard treatment protocols. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index, abdominal ultrasonography, gastroenteroscopy and histology were performed at the time of diagnosis and after 60 days of treatment. In healthy dogs, S boulardii reached a steady state in five days and was completely eliminated on day 4 after administration. No short-term side effects were seen. Clinical activity index, stool frequency, stool consistency and body condition score improved significantly in dogs with CE receiving S boulardii versus the placebo. In conclusion, S boulardii can be safely used in dogs with CE and seems to achieve better control of clinical signs than standard therapy alone.

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Serum adiponectin levels in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome are independent of anthropometrical parameters and do not change with GH treatment

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1510457 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

C Hoybye ◽

JM Bruun ◽

B Richelsen ◽

A Flyvbjerg ◽

J Frystyk

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Adult Life ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Total Adiponectin

OBJECTIVE: Obesity and growth hormone (GH) deficiency are common in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and these patients are at risk of metabolic diseases in adult life and of reduced life span. Low adiponectin values are associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We therefore found it of interest to measure adiponectin levels in PWS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 17 adults, nine men and eight women, 17 to 32 years of age, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 35+/-3.2 kg/m2 participated. All had clinical PWS. They were randomized to treatment with placebo or GH (Genotropin) for six months, and subsequently all received GH for 12 months. At baseline, serum total adiponectin levels in the PWS patients were compared with 25 lean and 34 obese controls. Body composition and various metabolic parameters, including adiponectin, were studied every six months in the PWS group. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin levels in PWS subjects were significantly lower (P<0.001) compared with lean and significantly higher (P<0.001) compared with obese controls. In PWS patients, no correlation was found between adiponectin and anthropometrical parameters or measures of insulin sensitivity (e.g. fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment), or between adiponectin and IGF binding protein-1 or IGF-I. Adiponectin did not change during GH intervention. CONCLUSION: In this study of adults with PWS serum total adiponectin levels were higher than in controls with simple obesity and were independent of anthropometrical parameters. In accordance with this the metabolic syndrome is not necessarily present in all PWS patients. Correction of GH deficiency had no effect on serum adiponectin levels.

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Testosterone and the Heart

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2019.13.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael Kirby ◽

Geoffrey Hackett ◽

Sudarshan Ramachandran

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Pde5 Inhibitors ◽

Night Time ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Meta Analyses

The development of a subnormal level of testosterone (T) is not universal in ageing men, with 75% of men retaining normal levels. However, a substantial number of men do develop T deficiency (TD), with many of them carrying a portfolio of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. TD increases the risk of CV disease (CVD) and the risk of developing T2D and the metabolic syndrome. The key symptoms suggesting low T are sexual in nature, including erectile dysfunction (ED), loss of night-time erections and reduced libido. Many men with heart disease, if asked, admit to ED being present; a problem that is often compounded by drugs used to treat CVD. A large number of studies and meta-analyses have provided evidence of the link between TD and an increase in CVD and total mortality. Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who have TD have a poor prognosis and this is associated with more frequent admissions and increased mortality compared with those who do not have TD. Conversely, in men with symptoms and documented TD, T therapy has been shown to have beneficial effects, namely improvement in exercise capacity in patients with CHF, improvement of myocardial ischaemia and coronary artery disease. Reductions in BMI and waist circumference, and improvements in glycaemic control and lipid profiles, are observed in T-deficient men receiving T therapy. These effects might be expected to translate into benefits and there are more than 100 studies showing CV benefit or improved CV risk factors with T therapy. There are flawed retrospective and prescribing data studies that have suggested increased mortality in treated men, which has led to regulatory warnings, and one placebo-controlled study demonstrating an increase in coronary artery non-calcified and total plaque volumes in men treated with T, which is open for debate. Men with ED and TD who fail to respond to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors can be salvaged by treating the TD. There are data to suggest that T and PDE5 inhibitors may act synergistically to reduce CV risk.

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Vasculometabolic and Inflammatory Effects of Aldosterone in Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 2719-2731

Author(s):

Charlotte D C C van der Heijden ◽

Rob ter Horst ◽

Inge C L van den Munckhof ◽

Kiki Schraa ◽

Jacqueline de Graaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Dysregulation ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Context Not all obese individuals develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperaldosteronism is suggested to cause inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, and might contribute to CVD development in obese individuals. Objective We aimed to investigate the association of aldosterone concentrations with inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and atherosclerosis in overweight and obese individuals. Additionally, we measured renin concentrations to investigate whether the observed effects reflected general activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Design A cross-sectional cohort study (300-OB study) was conducted. Various inflammatory parameters, traits of the metabolic syndrome, lipidome and metabolome parameters, fat distribution, and carotid atherosclerosis were associated with plasma aldosterone and renin levels. Setting The setting of this study was the Radboudumc (i.o. Radboudumc), the Netherlands. Patients A total of 302 individuals with a body mass index greater than or equal to 27 kg/m2 participated. Main Outcome Measures and Results Aldosterone was associated with various markers of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, which partly differed from the associations observed for renin. Although both were associated with inflammatory cell numbers, only renin was associated with classical markers of systemic inflammation. Both were associated with the metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. Of the traits that constitute metabolic syndrome, aldosterone, but not renin, was associated with triglyceride concentrations. Accordingly, aldosterone was associated with large very low-density lipoprotein particles; metabolomics studies further associated aldosterone with urate concentrations and derivatives of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. Neither aldosterone nor renin was associated with atherosclerotic plaque thickness. Conclusions Aldosterone is not an important driver of systemic inflammation in the obese, whereas aldosterone concentrations and metabolic dysregulation are strongly intertwined in these individuals. Although prospective studies are necessary to validate these results, the independent effects of aldosterone on carotid atherosclerosis appear modest.

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