Risk-based control of Campylobacter spp. in broiler farms and slaughtered flocks to mitigate risk of human campylobacteriosis - A One Health approach

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and their farm environment. Materials and Methods: The ceca from 100 broiler chickens from ten farms were sampled from processing sites or markets. The cecal contents were aseptically collected from each cecum and cultured. The farms were visited, and environmental samples were collected which included water, house flies, floor swabs and soils in chicken houses. Results: H. pullorum was present in 51% of the broilers; 17.5% of the flies were found to carry H. pullorum and Campylobacter spp., 30% of house floors were positive, while all water samples were negative. Conclusion: Flies could have picked up the organisms from the chickens' feces and/or the environment of the chicken houses or they could be one of the sources in the spread of the organisms. This study also showed that broiler chickens are potential reservoirs for H. pullorum and may serve as a source of infection for humans through the food chain.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Retail Chicken in Two Health Units in Ontario

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1317 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 1317-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

ANNE DECKERT ◽

ALFONSO VALDIVIESO-GARCIA ◽

RICHARD REID-SMITH ◽

SUSAN TAMBLYN ◽

PATRICK SELISKE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Multidisciplinary Study ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Campylobacter Lari ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Properties of Campylobacter Spp. Originating from Domestic Geese in Poland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Beata Wysok ◽

Joanna Wojtacka ◽

Agnieszka Wiszniewska-Łaszczych ◽

Joanna Szteyn

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

The Common ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

Campylobacter Spp ◽

Virulence Properties ◽

Skin Samples

A total of 240 samples were evaluated for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter was found in 83.3% of the cecum contents samples and 52.5% of the neck skin samples from carcasses. The prevailing species was C. jejuni, accounting for 87.7% of all Campylobacter isolates, and the remaining 12.3% of isolates were C. coli. All Campylobacter isolates, independent of the sample origin and species, were positive for 6 out of 15 tested genes (flaA, flhA, cadF, racR, ciaB, and cdtA genes). The prevalence of dnaJ, docA, pldA, cdtB, cdtC, and iam genes was also very common (ranging from 86.5% to 98.8%). The lowest prevalence was noted for virB11 and wlaN genes, both in Campylobacter isolates from cecum (12% and 19%) and carcasses (11.1% and 17.5%). None of the isolates tested, regardless of the sample origin, carried the cgtB gene. The highest resistance rates were observed for quinolones (90.8%) and tetracyclines (79.8%). Simultaneously, only single Campylobacter isolate was resistant to macrolides (0.6%) and none of the isolates showed resistance to aminoglycosides and amphenicols. The common presence of Campylobacter on geese carcasses as well as the detection of multidrug-resistant isolates indicate that consuming goose meat might cause a potential risk, therefore leading to human campylobacteriosis.

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Comparison of Methods for the Isolation of Thermotolerant Campylobacter from Poultry

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.3.616 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. TANGVATCHARIN ◽

S. CHANTHACHUM ◽

P. KOPAIBOON ◽

N. INTTASUNGKHA ◽

M. W. GRIFFITHS

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

International Organization ◽

Control Measures ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Effective Control ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽

Solution Methods ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Human campylobacteriosis has become the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in industrialized countries. Although there have been numerous studies investigating the prevalence of Campylobacter in animals and raw meat, sensitive and low-cost detection methods are needed to implement effective control measures during primary production and to use as tools in risk assessment studies. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in naturally contaminated (n = 64) and inoculated (n = 16) broiler samples were detected using two International Organization for Standardization (ISO)–approved methods. Both enrichment broths (those of Preston and of Park and Sanders) were inoculated with (i) Campylobacter jejuni ATCC35921, (ii) boneless breast from broilers, (iii) boneless breast rinse solution, (iv) boneless breast rinse solution inoculated with C. jejuni ATCC35921 before centrifugation, and (v) boneless breast rinse solution inoculated with C. jejuni ATCC35921 after centrifugation. The results indicated that the Park and Sanders broth was superior to the Preston broth for recovery of Campylobacter spp., and no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found between ISO (meat pieces) and modified ISO (centrifuged chicken rinse solution) methods for the detection of Campylobacter spp.

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Molecular Subtyping and Source Attribution of Campylobacter Isolated from Food Animals

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (11) ◽

pp. 1891-1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

GREGORY H. TYSON ◽

HEATHER P. TATE ◽

JASON ABBOTT ◽

THU-THUY TRAN ◽

CLAUDINE KABERA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Food Sources ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Source Attribution ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Retail Meat ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT Campylobacter spp. commonly cause gastrointestinal illness in humans. Poultry meats have long been considered the predominant source of these infections, but few in-depth Campylobacter source attribution studies have been completed. We analyzed more than 1,300 Campylobacter isolates recovered from a number of animal and food sources, including dairy and beef cattle, pigs, poultry, and retail poultry meat, and compared them with Campylobacter isolates recovered from human clinical samples. Each isolate was subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI and queried against the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PulseNet database to identify human isolates with indistinguishable patterns. Half (49.5%) of the PFGE patterns from poultry animal and retail meat isolates were indistinguishable from patterns of at least one human isolate. Among the isolates from beef and dairy cows, 56.6 and 65.0%, respectively, of their PFGE patterns were indistinguishable from those of human isolates. Only a small portion of the PFGE patterns of Campylobacter isolated from pigs (9.5%) were found to have PFGE patterns in common with human isolates. These data imply that cattle may be larger contributors to Campylobacter infections than previously recognized and help further our understanding of potential sources of human campylobacteriosis.

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Assessing Campylobacter Colonization of Broiler Herds Ante Mortem and Monitoring Campylobacter Contamination Post Mortem by qPCR

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Gudrun Overesch ◽

Katrin Haas ◽

Peter Kuhnert

Keyword(s):

Chicken Meat ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Reliable Identification ◽

Qpcr Method ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Human Campylobacteriosis ◽

Campylobacter Spp ◽

Colonization Rates ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Human campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent zoonosis, with chicken meat contributing substantially to the number of cases. Measures to avoid or at least reduce exposure by meat contaminated with Campylobacter (C.) spp. are needed. With regard to the process hygiene criterion introduced in 2018 for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses, we evaluated the performance of a recently developed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for C. jejuni/coli on random caecal samples and chicken meat. With the qPCR on pooled caecal samples not only C. jejuni/coli positive (69.6%) versus negative broiler herds (30.4%) were identified, but herds highly colonized with C. jejuni/coli (39.4%) could also be identified. From the chicken meat samples, 8.0% were positive for C. jejuni/coli by qPCR and 0.7% by enumeration (>10 cfu/g) compared to 58.3% using cultural enrichment. Given the higher sensitivity, the qPCR method could replace the currently used enumeration method to assess the process hygiene criterion for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses. Moreover, with the qPCR, a reliable identification of C. jejuni/coli colonized incoming broiler herds a few days before slaughter is feasible, which provides important information to optimize slaughter processes. Finally, identifying and monitoring herds with high C. jejuni/coli colonization rates could help to individually improve biosecurity measures at farm level, eventually reducing the C. jejuni/coli load on chicken meat.

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MRSA and enterobacteria of one health concern in wild animals undergoing rehabilitation

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e34810111809

Author(s):

Débora Rodrigues Silveira ◽

Thamíris Pereira de Moraes ◽

Kauana Kaefer ◽

Luiz Gustavo Bach ◽

Amanda de Oliveira Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Species ◽

Health Concern ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Rehabilitation Center ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽

Campylobacter Spp

The presence of contaminated animals in wildlife rehabilitation centers poses a threat for both animals and humans that come into contact with them or the contaminated environment. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as studying the biofilm formation capacity of these isolates, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in wild animals from a rehabilitation center. During a two-year period, feces were collected from animals that were admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center (n=324 samples). The pathogens were isolated from 51 (15.7%) animals of different species of mammals, birds and reptiles. Forty isolates (12.3%) were identified as S. aureus, of these, 32 (9.9%) were identified as MRSA and 72.5% were able to form biofilm. Y. enterocolitica was found in five mammals (5.1%), three reptiles (21.43%) and two birds (0.94%). Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from one bird each (0.67% and 0.67%, respectively). A wide diversity of animal species in rehabilitation centers, including birds, mammals and reptiles, can carry MRSA and enterobacteria of one health concern and eliminate in the feces. The presence of these pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of wild animals admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center shows the importance of microbiological monitoring of animals at the time of their admission and reinforces the need for specific hygienic-sanitary care.

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