Mild steel welding fume causes manganese accumulation and subtle neuroinflammatory changes but not overt neuronal damage in discrete brain regions of rats after short-term inhalation exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Antonini ◽  
Krishnan Sriram ◽  
Stanley A. Benkovic ◽  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Samuel Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mild Steel Welding

Short-Term Inhalation Exposure to Mild Steel Welding Fume had no Effect on Lung Inflammation and Injury but did Alter Defense Responses to Bacteria in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Antonini ◽  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Sam Stone ◽  
Bean T. Chen ◽  
Diane Schwegler-Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mild Steel Welding

scholarly journals Effects of mild steel welding fume particles on pulmonary epithelial inflammation and endothelial activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
Johanna Samulin Erdem ◽  
Yke Jildouw Arnoldussen ◽  
Sepideh Tajik ◽  
Dag G Ellingsen ◽  
Shanbeh Zienolddiny
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mild Steel Welding

Welders have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) following exposure to welding fumes. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown; however, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction have been suggested as contributing factors to particle-induced CVD. We investigated effects of mild steel welding fume (MSWF) on three target cell types: macrophages, pulmonary epithelial, and vascular endothelial cells. Cells were exposed to MSWF at nontoxic doses for 6 h/day, for five consecutive days. The expression of 40 genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial activation was analyzed. Moreover, changes in the reactive oxygen species production and migration capacity of cells were assessed. The expression of matrix metallopeptidase 1 ( MMP1) was induced in both epithelial and endothelial cells following repeated exposure to MSWF. Although MMP1 is important in inflammatory responses in vivo, this effect was not concurrent with changes in the inflammatory status, cell proliferation, and migration capacities, nor did it induce oxidative stress in the cells. Thus, repeated exposure with low doses of MSWF was sufficient neither for inducing inflammatory stress in epithelial cells and macrophages nor for endothelial activation, and higher concentrations of MSWF or the nonparticle fraction of MSWF may be critical in causing the increased risk of CVD observed among welders.

Persistence of deposited metals in the lungs after stainless steel and mild steel welding fume inhalation in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Antonini ◽  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Samuel Stone ◽  
Bean T. Chen ◽  
Diane Schwegler-Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Mild Steel Welding

Effect of short-term stainless steel welding fume inhalation exposure on lung inflammation, injury, and defense responses in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Antonini ◽  
Sam Stone ◽  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Bean Chen ◽  
Diane Schwegler-Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stainless Steel Welding

scholarly journals The Kynurenic Acid Analog SZR72 Enhances Neuronal Activity after Asphyxia but Is Not Neuroprotective in a Translational Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822
Author(s):  
Viktória Kovács ◽  
Gábor Remzső ◽  
Tímea Körmöczi ◽  
Róbert Berkecz ◽  
Valéria Tóth-Szűki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Hippocampal Field ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains to be a major cause of long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in term neonates. Hypothermia offers partial neuroprotection warranting research for additional therapies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous product of tryptophan metabolism, was previously shown to be beneficial in rat HIE models. We sought to determine if the KYNA analog SZR72 would afford neuroprotection in piglets. After severe asphyxia (pHa = 6.83 ± 0.02, ΔBE = −17.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L, mean ± SEM), anesthetized piglets were assigned to vehicle-treated (VEH), SZR72-treated (SZR72), or hypothermia-treated (HT) groups (n = 6, 6, 6; Tcore = 38.5, 38.5, 33.5 °C, respectively). Compared to VEH, serum KYNA levels were elevated, recovery of EEG was faster, and EEG power spectral density values were higher at 24 h in the SZR72 group. However, instantaneous entropy indicating EEG signal complexity, depression of the visual evoked potential (VEP), and the significant neuronal damage observed in the neocortex, the putamen, and the CA1 hippocampal field were similar in these groups. In the caudate nucleus and the CA3 hippocampal field, neuronal damage was even more severe in the SZR72 group. The HT group showed the best preservation of EEG complexity, VEP, and neuronal integrity in all examined brain regions. In summary, SZR72 appears to enhance neuronal activity after asphyxia but does not ameliorate early neuronal damage in this HIE model.

scholarly journals Efficacy and immunogenicity of MultiTEP-based DNA vaccines targeting human α-synuclein: prelude for IND enabling studies

npj Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyoun Kim ◽  
Armine Hovakimyan ◽  
Karen Zagorski ◽  
Tatevik Antonyan ◽  
Irina Petrushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain leads to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage, and the onset of relevant neurodegenerative disorder/s. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α-Syn intracytoplasmic Lewy body inclusions and dystrophic Lewy neurites resulting in neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Cell to cell propagation of α-Syn aggregates is implicated in the progression of PD/DLB, and high concentrations of anti-α-Syn antibodies could inhibit/reduce the spreading of this pathological molecule in the brain. To ensure sufficient therapeutic concentrations of anti-α-Syn antibodies in the periphery and CNS, we developed four α-Syn DNA vaccines based on the universal MultiTEP platform technology designed especially for the elderly with immunosenescence. Here, we are reporting on the efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines targeting three B-cell epitopes of hα-Syn aa85–99 (PV-1947D), aa109–126 (PV-1948D), aa126–140 (PV-1949D) separately or simultaneously (PV-1950D) in a mouse model of synucleinopathies mimicking PD/DLB. All vaccines induced high titers of antibodies specific to hα-Syn that significantly reduced PD/DLB-like pathology in hα-Syn D line mice. The most significant reduction of the total and protein kinase resistant hα-Syn, as well as neurodegeneration, were observed in various brain regions of mice vaccinated with PV-1949D and PV-1950D in a sex-dependent manner. Based on these preclinical data, we selected the PV-1950D vaccine for future IND enabling preclinical studies and clinical development.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity within Brain Networks of Long Term and Short term Meditators

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Statistical Concept ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Meditative Practices

Meditation refers to a state of mind of relaxation and concentration, where generally the mind and body is at rest. The process of meditation reflects the state of the brain which is distinct from sleep or typical wakeful states of consciousness. Meditative practices usually involve regulation of emotions and monitoring of attention. Over the past decade there has been a tremendous increase in an interest to study the neural mechanisms involved in meditative practices. It could also be beneficial to explore if the effect of meditation is altered by the number of years of meditation practice. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a very useful imaging technique which can be used to perform this analysis due to its inherent benefits, mainly it being a non-invasive technique. Functional activation and connectivity analysis can be performed on the fMRI data to find the active regions and the connectivity in the brain regions. Functional connectivity is defined as a simple temporal correlation between anatomically separate, active neural regions. Functional connectivity gives the statistical dependencies between regional time series. It is a statistical concept and is quantified using metrics like Correlation. In this study, a comparison is made between functional connectivity in the brain regions of long term meditation practitioners (LTP) and short-term meditation practitioners (STP) to see the differences and similarities in the connectivity patterns. From the analysis, it is evident that in fact there is a difference in connectivity between long term and short term practitioners and hence continuous practice of meditation can have long term effects.

scholarly journals Environmentally induced changes to brain morphology predict cognitive performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1756) ◽  
pp. 20170287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Pike ◽  
Michael Ramsey ◽  
Anna Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs

The relationship between the size and structure of a species' brain and its cognitive capacity has long interested scientists. Generally, this work relates interspecific variation in brain anatomy with performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. However, brains are known to show considerable short-term plasticity in response to a range of social, ecological and environmental factors. Despite this, we have a remarkably poor understanding of how this impacts on an animal's cognitive performance. Here, we non-invasively manipulated the relative size of brain regions associated with processing visual and chemical information in fish (the optic tectum and olfactory bulbs, respectively). We then tested performance in a cognitive task in which information from the two sensory modalities was in conflict. Although the fish could effectively use both visual and chemical information if presented in isolation, when they received cues from both modalities simultaneously, those with a relatively better developed optic tectum showed a greater reliance on visual information, while individuals with relatively better developed olfactory bulbs showed a greater reliance on chemical information. These results suggest that short-term changes in brain structure, possibly resulting from an attempt to minimize the costs of developing unnecessary but energetically expensive brain regions, may have marked effects on cognitive performance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.

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