Increase in transforming growth factor-β in the brain during infection is related to fever, not depression of spontaneous motor activity

Neuroscience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsumura ◽  
T. Shibakusa ◽  
T. Fujikawa ◽  
H. Yamada ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Clinical progression and familial occurrence of cerebral cavernous angiomas: the role of angiogenic and growth factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maiuri ◽  
Paolo Cappabianca ◽  
Michelangelo Gangemi ◽  
Marialaura Del Basso De Caro ◽  
Felice Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Familial Occurrence ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
The Brain

Object The authors studied the expression of angiogenic and growth factors and various proliferative indices in cavernous angiomas of the brain. The goal was to define whether the often progressive clinical course of both sporadic and familial forms of the lesion is correlated with different expression of these factors. Methods Forty-three cavernomas of the brain were investigated with immunohistochemical studies and stained for four growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], tenascin, transforming growth factor–β [TGFβ], and platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]), and for Ki-67 and bcl-2. The intensity of expression was tested in all cases in the walls of cavernoma vessels, in the perivascular tissue, and in the perilesional brain parenchyma. Among the 43 cavernomas, 32 were stable and sporadic single lesions less than 2 cm in size, whereas 11 were cavernomas larger than 2 cm (up to 6 cm). These larger cavernomas had more aggressive behavior (documented growth in five cases, mass effect in eight, significant hemorrhage in four), familial occurrence (six cases), and/or multiple lesions (five cases). The expression of VEGF, tenascin, and PDGF in cavernomas did not significantly differ in the two groups of patients, whereas TGFβ expression was higher in the more aggressive forms of cavernomas. The expression of Ki-67 and bcl-2 was always absent in stable lesions, and it was positive in eight (72.7%) of 11 aggressive lesions. The perilesional brain parenchyma showed a significantly higher expression of TGFβ, PDGF, and tenascin in more aggressive cavernomas. Conclusions The familial occurrence and more aggressive clinical behavior of cavernous angiomas of the brain are associated with higher expression of Ki-67 and bcl-2 in the cavernoma tissue, as in other proliferative lesions. These features are also associated with higher expression of some growth factors (excluding VEGF) in the perilesional brain parenchyma, suggesting that the neighboring vasculature and glia may be predisposed to and recruited for further growth and progression.

scholarly journals Angiogenic Recruitment of Pericytes from Bone Marrow after Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsebet Kokovay ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Lee A Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Bone Marrow Derived Cells ◽  
The Brain

Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) contribute to revascularization after ischemia. However, the mechanisms by which BMDCs support vessel remodeling after cerebral ischemia are not clear. Using mouse chimeras that express enhanced green fluorescent protein in reconstituted bone marrow, we investigated the role of BMDCs in revascularization and brain repair after middle cerebral artery occlusion of murine brain. After ischemia, two populations of BMDCs were observed, one in the brain parenchyma and another associated with the vasculature. The number of BMDCs that infiltrated the brain parenchyma peaked at 7 days and persisted through 14 days, the last time point observed. The majority of BMDCs were characterized as microglia, based on cell-type-specific marker expression. We observed a robust angiogenic response after cerebral ischemia. Bone marrow-derived cells associated with remodeling blood vessels were negative for endothelial markers, but were surrounded by basal lamina and expressed desmin and vimentin, identifying these cells as pericytes. Quantification of BMDCs that expressed desmin revealed increasing desmin expression with time. Perivascular associated BMDCs that expressed desmin were immunoreactive for the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor- β. These findings suggest that pericytes are recruited from the periphery and are involved in blood vessel stabilization during ischemiainduced angiogenesis.

Intracranial administration of transforming growth factor-β3 increases fat oxidation in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. E536-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanae Yamazaki ◽  
Masanao Arai ◽  
Shigenobu Matsumura ◽  
Kazuo Inoue ◽  
Tohru Fushiki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Intracranial Injection ◽  
Total Fat

The effects of intracranial transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 on spontaneous motor activity and energy metabolism were examined in rats. After injection of TGF-β3 into the cisterna magna of the rat, spontaneous motor activity decreased significantly for 1 h. The intracranial injection of TGF-β3 produced an immediate decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER). No significant changes were observed in energy expenditure. TGF-β3 induced a significant increase in total fat oxidation and a decrease in total carbohydrate oxidation. Furthermore, the serum substrates associated with fat metabolism were significantly altered in rats injected with TGF-β3. Both lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle and the concentration of serum ketone bodies increased, suggesting that the increase in fat oxidation caused by TGF-β3 may have occurred in the liver and muscle. Intracranial injection of TGF-β3 appeared to evoke a switch in the energy substrates accessed in energy expenditure. These results suggest that the release of TGF-β3 in the brain by exercise is a signal for regulating energy consumption.

Perianale Fisteln bei CED: vom Mausmodell zur Klinik

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Michael Scharl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Morbus Crohn ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Interleukin 13

Zusammenfassung. Fisteln stellen nach wie vor eine der wichtigsten Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn dar. Bei mindestens einem Drittel aller Morbus Crohn Patienten treten im Laufe der Erkrankung Fisteln auf. Eine dauerhafte Heilung der Fistel wird jedoch, auch unter Ausschöpfung sämtlicher medikamentöser und chirurgischer Therapieoptionen, nur in rund einem Drittel dieser Patienten erreicht. Der genaue molekulare Mechanismus der Fistelentstehung ist bis heute nicht ganz klar. Aus histopathologischer Sichtweise stellen Fisteln eine röhrenartige Struktur dar, welche von flachen epithelartigen Zellen ausgekleidet ist. Als ursächlicher Entstehungsmechanismus wird dabei die sogenannte epitheliale-zu-mesenchymale Transition (EMT) angesehen und es kann eine starke Expression der Entzündungsmediatoren Tumor Nekrose Faktor, Interleukin-13 und Transforming Growth Factor β in den Fistelarealen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich zu den bereits etablierten, medikamentösen Therapieoptionen, also Antibiotika, Immunmodulatoren und anti-TNF Antikörper, stellt insbesondere der Einsatz der mesenchymalen Stammzelltherapie einen erfolgversprechenden Therapieansatz für die Zukunft dar.

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