Effects of hydroxycitrate, conjugated linoleic acid, and guar gum on food intake, body weight regain, and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats

Licorice and dried ginger decoction (Gancao-ganjiang-tang, LGD) is used for nausea and anorexia, accompanied by excessive sweating in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of LGD using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) in a mouse model. Six-week-old female BALB/c AnNCrl mice were orally administered LGD, water, licorice decoction, dried ginger decoction, or chronic olanzapine, and their survival, body weight, food intake, and wheel activity were compared in ABA. Additionally, dopamine concentration in brain tissues was evaluated. LGD significantly reduced the number of ABA mice reaching the drop-out criterion of fatal body weight loss. However, LGD showed no significant effects on food intake and wheel activity. We found that in the LGD group the rise of the light phase activity rate inhibited body weight loss. Licorice or dried ginger alone did not improve survival rates, they only showed longer survival periods than chronic olanzapine when combined. In addition, LGD increased the dopamine concentration in the brain. The results from the present study showed that LGD improves the survival of ABA mice and its mechanism of action might be related to the alteration of dopamine concentration in the brain.

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Sex Differences in Severity of Inflammation-Induced Anorexia and Weight Loss

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800404263014 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Terry A. Lennie

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Food Intake ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes

Food intake and body weight changes in response to induction of acute inflammation were examined in intact cycling females, ovariectomized females, and sham-operated male rats. In intact females, body weight and feeding responses were compared between rats in which inflammation was induced on day of estrus with rats in which inflammation was induced on day of diestrus. Anorexia and weight loss were more severe in the female rats with inflammation induced on estrus day, which coincides with peak serum estrogen levels. In ovariectomized females, inflammation was induced the day after rats received injections of estrogen, progesterone, or sesame oil (vehicle). Males received vehicle injections. Among female rats, the group that received estradiol injections the previous day displayed the most severe anorexia. The least severe anorexia was observed in female rats that received progesterone the previous day. Food intake of female rats that received vehicle injections prior to induction of inflammation was greater than the rats receiving estrogen but less than the rats receiving progesterone. Male rats displayed the most severe anorexia and greatest weight loss. These data suggest that, although females exposed to estradiol prior to induction of acute inflammation display more severe anorexia than those exposed to progesterone, it may be that progesterone attenuates severity of anorexia rather than estrogen solely potentiating severity. Male rats, however, appear to experience the most severe anorexia in response to this form of inflammation.

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Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041061 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 431-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Eva M. R. Kovacs ◽

Manuela P. G. M. Lejeune ◽

Ilse Nijs ◽

Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Green Tea ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Very Low Energy Diet ◽

Obese Subjects

The present study was conducted to investigate whether green tea may improve weight maintenance by preventing or limiting weight regain after weight loss of 5 to 10% in overweight and moderately obese subjects. The study had a randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled design. A total of 104 overweight and moderately obese male and female subjects (age 18–60 years; BMI 25–35kg/m2) participated. The study consisted of a very-low-energy diet intervention (VLED; 2·1MJ/d) of 4 weeks followed by a weight-maintenance period of 13 weeks in which the subjects received green tea or placebo. The green tea contained caffeine (104mg/d) and catechins (573mg/d, of which 323mg was epigallocatechin gallate). Subjects lost 6·4 (sd 1·9) kg or 7·5 (sd 2·2) % of their original body weight during the VLED (P<0·001). Body-weight regain was not significantly different between the green tea and the placebo group (30·5 (sd 61·8) % and 19·7 (sd 56·9)%, respectively). In the green tea treatment, habitual high caffeine consumption was associated with a higher weight regain compared with habitual low caffeine consumption (39 (sd 17) and 16 (sd 11)%, respectively; P<0·05). We conclude that weight maintenance after 7·5% body-weight loss was not affected by green tea treatment and that habitual caffeine consumption affected weight maintenance in the green tea treatment.

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Influence of long-term exposure to adverse environments on organ weights and histology

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.3.520 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 196 (3) ◽

pp. 520-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Henry B. Hale ◽

Roy B. Mefferd ◽

Gordon Vawter ◽

G. Elizabeth Foerster ◽

Dominic Criscuolo

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Male Rats ◽

Temperature Dependency ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Thymus Weight ◽

Pressure Dependency ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Induced Changes

A comparison was made of the morphological effects of cold, heat and simulated altitude on adult male rats given exposures of 24 weeks' duration. By the use of covariance analysis it was possible to determine the extent to which organ weights were dependent upon body weight and to adjust the values in order to remove body weight influences. For liver, heart and kidney, adjusted weights indicated temperature-dependency, while pressure-dependency was established for liver and kidney only. Histologically, temperature-dependency was indicated for liver, kidney, thyroid, adrenal and pituitary. Fur weight was reduced in heat but not altered in cold. Fasting in cold induced changes in adrenal and thymus weight and unusually high body weight loss; in heat, fasting caused a significant thymus weight loss without adrenal weight increase. The thymus-adrenal ratio was elevated during a 24-hour fast in all environments except cold, where it was decreased.

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Weight Loss Medications in Young Adults after Bariatric Surgery for Weight Regain or Inadequate Weight Loss: A Multi-Center Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children5090116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexander Toth ◽

Gricelda Gomez ◽

Alpana Shukla ◽

Janey Pratt ◽

Hellas Cena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Change ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Percent Weight Loss ◽

Total Body ◽

Weight Loss Medications

This paper presents a retrospective cohort study of weight loss medications in young adults aged 21 to 30 following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between November 2000 and June 2014. Data were collected from patients who used topiramate, phentermine, and/or metformin postoperatively. Percentage of patients achieving ≥5%, ≥10%, or ≥15% weight loss on medications was determined and percent weight change on each medication was compared to percent weight change of the rest of the cohort. Our results showed that 54.1% of study patients lost ≥5% of their postsurgical weight; 34.3% and 22.9% lost ≥10% and ≥15%, respectively. RYGB had higher median percent weight loss (−8.1%) than SG (−3.3%) (p = 0.0515). No difference was found in median percent weight loss with medications started at weight plateau (−6.0%) versus after weight regain (−5.4%) (p = 0.5304). Patients taking medications at weight loss plateau lost 41.2% of total body weight from before surgery versus 27.1% after weight regain (p = 0.076). Median percent weight change on metformin was −2.9% compared to the rest of the cohort at −7.7% (p = 0.0241). No difference from the rest of the cohort was found for phentermine (p = 0.2018) or topiramate (p = 0.3187). Topiramate, phentermine, and metformin are promising weight loss medications for 21 to 30 year olds. RYGB patients achieve more weight loss on medications but both RYGB and SG benefit. Median total body weight loss from pre-surgical weight may be higher in patients that start medication at postsurgical nadir weight. Participants on metformin lost significantly smaller percentages of weight on medications, which could be the result of underlying medical conditions.

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Amylin-Mediated Restoration of Leptin Responsiveness in Diet-Induced Obesity: Magnitude and Mechanisms

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2008-0770 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 149 (11) ◽

pp. 5679-5687 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

James L. Trevaskis ◽

Todd Coffey ◽

Rebecca Cole ◽

Chunli Lei ◽

Carrie Wittmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Fat Utilization ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Obese Rats

Previously, we reported that combination treatment with rat amylin (100 μg/kg·d) and murine leptin (500 μg/kg·d) elicited greater inhibition of food intake and greater body weight loss in diet-induced obese rats than predicted by the sum of the monotherapy conditions, a finding consistent with amylin-induced restoration of leptin responsiveness. In the present study, a 3 × 4 factorial design was used to formally test for a synergistic interaction, using lower dose ranges of amylin (0, 10, and 50 μg/kg·d) and leptin (0, 5, 25, and 125 μg/kg·d), on food intake and body weight after 4 wk continuous infusion. Response surface methodology analysis revealed significant synergistic anorexigenic (P < 0.05) and body weight-lowering (P < 0.05) effects of amylin/leptin combination treatment, with up to 15% weight loss at doses considerably lower than previously reported. Pair-feeding (PF) experiments demonstrated that reduction of food intake was the predominant mechanism for amylin/leptin-mediated weight loss. However, fat loss was 2-fold greater in amylin/leptin-treated rats than PF controls. Furthermore, amylin/leptin-mediated weight loss was not accompanied by the counterregulatory decrease in energy expenditure and chronic shift toward carbohydrate (rather than fat) utilization observed with PF. Hepatic gene expression analyses revealed that 28 d treatment with amylin/leptin (but not PF) was associated with reduced expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis (Scd1 and Fasn mRNA) and increased expression of genes involved in lipid utilization (Pck1 mRNA). We conclude that amylin/leptin interact synergistically to reduce body weight and adiposity in diet-induced obese rodents through a number of anorexigenic and metabolic effects.

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