New plant sources of the anti-cancer alkaloid, camptothecine from the Icacinaceae taxa, India

Abstract INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been harvested from many plant sources, some of which have anti-cancer effects and some could be used as therapeutic nanodelivery vectors. Hemp plant is a natural source of cannabinoids, of which delta 9-tetrahydroxicannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have proven anti-cancer proprieties. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that hemp EVs are enriched in cannabinoids and their application will reduce glioblastoma (GBM) tumor progression. APPROACH EVs were isolated from the hemp plant using ultracentrifugation. Nanotracking analysis, electron microscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were utilized to characterize EVs. GBM cell lines were cultured in the neuropshere assay to evaluate hemp EVs anti-glioma effects. Fluorescent-labelled EVs were used to evaluate their brain tissue distribution in orthotopic patient-derived GBM xenografts. RESULTS Hemp EVs have a median diameter of 112.6nm with a typical lipid-bilayer structure. LC-MS/MS have shown that while cannabidiolic, cannabigerolic, and tetrahydroxicannabinolic acids represent 69.1 ± 2.1%, 19.1 ± 1.6%, 6.5 ± 0.54% of the total cannabinoids in hemp EVs, CBD and THC only make 4.75 ± 0.26%, and 0.5 ± 0.3%. Hemp EVs are potent anti-glioma agents with a 7-day LD-50 of 1.04µM and 2.4µM [based on EVs total cannabinoid content] for KR-158 and L0 GBM lines, respectively. Compared to the vehicle, overnight incubation of L0 cells with 1µM hemp EVs significantly reduced GBM cell migration (630.3 ± 61.43 vs 143.7 ± 8.7). Intranasal administration of hemp EVs led to a widespread distribution in tumor bearing brain including GBM tumor core. CONCLUSION Based on these results, hemp EVs with enriched cannabinoid content exert antiglioma effect in-vitro and when delivered intranasally, are widely distributed throughout the brain and within the tumor of PDX animals. Further experiments are ongoing to address the impact of nasally-delivered hemp EVs on tumor progression and compare to the application of purified acidic cannabinoids.

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Anticancer potential of Naringenin, Biosynthesis, Molecular target, and structural perspectives

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666210913112733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Om Prakash ◽

Ruchi Singh ◽

Namrata Singh ◽

Shazia Usmani ◽

Mohd Arif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Cathepsin K ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Flavanone Glycoside ◽

Plant Sources ◽

Comprehensive Study

: Numerous novel medicinal agents isolated from plant sources were used as indigenous remedies for the management and treatment of various types of cancer diseases. Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside and aglycone (genin) moiety of naringin, predominantly found in citrus and grapefruits, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases. A huge number of scientific papers have been published on naringenin describing its detailed studies and its therapeutic application in different diseases. The current study highlights, a comprehensive study on naringenin concerning its biosynthesis, molecular targets/pathways involved in carcinogenesis, mechanism of actions (MOAs), and structure-activity relationships (SARs), and patents granted have been highlighted. Naringenin and its derivatives has remarkable anti-cancer activity due to their inhibitory potential against diverse targets namely ABCG2/P-gp/BCRP, 5a-reductase, 17-bhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase, proteasome, HDAC/Situin-1, VEGF, VEGFR-2 kinase, MMP-2/9, JAK/STAT signaling pathways, CDC25B, tubulin, topoisomerase-II, cathepsin-K, Wnt, NF-kB, B-Raf and mTOR, etc. With the huge knowledge of molecular targets, structural intuition, and SARs, the current study may be beneficial to design more potent, safe, effective, and economic anti-cancer naringenin. This is concluded that naringenin is a promising natural product for the management and therapy of cancer. Further evolution for pharmacological importance, clinical research, and trials are required to manifest its therapeutic action on metabolic syndrome in the human community.

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Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.767642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Jiang ◽

Yunhe Li ◽

Liye Wang ◽

Jian Guo ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immune ◽

Therapeutic Applications ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Infection And Inflammation ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Standard Medical Treatment ◽

Plant Sources ◽

Biological Organisms

Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS CONTENT, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS FROM VIET NAM AND OTHER COUNTRIES

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v14i2.1945 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 66-74

Author(s):

Hai Xuan Nguyen ◽

Nhan Trung Nguyen ◽

Mai Thi Thanh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Plant Sources

Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey-bee collect from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. The chemical constituents of propolis depends on area as well as plant sources. Almost propolis contains polyphenols and flavonoids, except Myanmar propolis contains triterpenoids. Propolis is well known to various biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. There is no study on chemical constituents and biological acitivities of Vietnamese propolis, therefore, we comparative study on total polyphenols, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of propolis from Vietnam and other countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar, and China. The results showed that, propolis from China, Mexico, Brazil green type and red type contained high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids, and a corresponding high antioxidant capacity. The IC50 values of DPPH scavenging activity were 33.65, 35.98, 46.59 và 55.49 μg mL-1, respectively, and IC50 values of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 43.84, 6.07, 9.16 và > 100 μg mL-1, respectively. Propolis from Vietnam and Myanmar contained small amount of polyphenol and they showed less antioxidant activity.

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Cancer Chemotherapy by Novel Bio-active Natural Products: Looking Towards the Future

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573394714666180321151315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 37-49

Author(s):

Om Prakash ◽

Shazia Usmani ◽

Ruchi Singh ◽

Debarshi K. Mahapatra ◽

Amresh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Natural Products ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

The Novel ◽

Current Review ◽

Chronic Disorder ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

The Us ◽

Plant Sources ◽

Active Natural

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and accounted for 8.8 million deaths annually in humans. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervix and stomach cancer are the most common among women. Numerous drugs that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved for use in cancer therapy are derived from plants, including taxanes such as paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine. Still, there is an intense need for a search for numerous bioactive sources to develop a novel anti-cancer drug to overcome this chronic disorder. About more than thirty plants derived natural products have been isolated till date and are currently under clinical trials. As per literature survey from various journals and texts has been found to be novel medicinal agents from bioactive sources are clinically active against various types of cancer cells. Conclusion: Current review has been highlighted on the novel medicinal agents from plant sources have potential effects against many types of cancer, which have been supported by clinical trials. The main findings of these active novel medicinal agents were also summarized and discussed here.

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Biologically Active Phytochemicals: A Brief Appraisal

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083807666210527094408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 ◽

Author(s):

Ayush Mahajan ◽

Pulkit Rana ◽

Dilpreet Singh ◽

Kuldeep Singh

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Different Types ◽

New Chemical Entities ◽

Multi Mode ◽

Plant Sources ◽

Methods Of Treatment ◽

Structure Properties

Aim/Objective: Phytochemicals are considered an ideal candidate for the production of anticancer drugs due to their pleiotropic activity on multi-mode target events. Materials And Methods: Plants are ideal reservoirs for new chemical entities and provide a promising cancer research line. Cancer cells can be formed through different types of mutations, including Point mutation, DNA amplification, chromosomal rearrangement, and Epigenetic mutation. Results And Discussion: Products derived from plants are a groundbreaking area because they are ecofriendly, low-cost, Easy, simple, safer and less toxic compared to other methods of treatment. Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin, cryptolepine and its analogues, berberine, Antofine, curcumin, ginsenoside, fisetin, chelerythrine, chelidonine, clivorine, clathrodin, dibromophakellstatin, etc. are some potential phytochemicals. Conclusion: The review provides in-depth details of structure, properties, mechanism of action and potential anti-cancer activity of phytochemicals derived from plant sources.

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