Elemental sulphur is produced by diverse plant families as a component of defence against fungal and bacterial pathogens

Annonaceae, one of the most diverse plant families in tropical forests, comprise roughly 108 genera and 2400 species (Rainer et al. 2006, Chatrou et al. 2012). As per the current understanding, Annonaceae have four subfamilies: Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae, Annonoideae and Malmeoideae (Chatrou et al. 2012). Phylogenetic studies on Annonaceae (Mols et al. 2004; Erkens et al. 2007; Su et al. 2008; Nakkuntod et al. 2009; Chatrou et al. 2012) have brought significant changes in circumscription and nomenclature of several genera due to the strict adherence to the principle of monophyly (Su et al. 2005, 2010; Rainer, 2007; Mols et al. 2008; Saunders, 2009; Chaowasku et al. 2011, 2012; Xue et al. 2012, 2014). The problematic case of the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia Blume s.l. (1830: 68) has recently been studied phylogenetically in detail and presently is fully solved; species of Polyalthia s.l. have been segregated into several smaller monophyletic genera, for example, Fenerivia Diels (1925: 355; Saunders et al. 2011), Hubera Chaowasku (2012: 46; Chaowasku et al. 2012), Maasia Mols, Keßler & Rogstad (2008: 493; Mols et al. 2008), Marsypopetalum Scheffer (1870: 342; Xue et al. 2011) and Monoon Miquel (1865: 15; Xue et al. 2012).

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Fungal endophytes from the roots of alpine and boreal Ericaceae

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-869 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1570-1581 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Sarah Hambleton ◽

Randolph S. Currah

Keyword(s):

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Phialocephala Fortinii ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Oidiodendron Maius ◽

Polymorphism Data ◽

Plant Families ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Diverse Plant

Oidiodendron mains Barron, Scytalidiutn vaccinii Dalpé, Litten, & Sigler, and a variable white taxon (VWT) were isolated consistently from the roots of ericaceous plants collected in three different habitats. Restriction fragment length polymorphism data were used to (i) clarify the identification of strains of O. maius with character states intermediate between O. maius and Oidiodendron griseum Robak, (ii) identify the VWT as distinct from S. vaccinii in spite of cultural similarities, and (iii) reveal that S. vaccinii comprises two genotypes correlated with habitat. Corn meal agar was used to induce conidiogenesis in S. vaccinii, and one strain produced apothecia consistent with the description of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan, confirming the anamorph–teleomorph relationship of these two taxa. Oidiodendron maius and S. vaccinii, already accepted as mycobionts of the Ericaceae, are confirmed as ubiquitous in natural habitats of Alberta and are often both isolated from the same root fragment. The isolation of Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox, a non-mycorrhizal endophyte of diverse plant families, from two of the sites but not from the acidic wetland indicates that its distribution depends on edaphic factors. Its vigorous growth on the initial isolation plates adversely affected the recovery of the other three taxa. Key words: ericoid mycorrhiza, Ericaceae, RFLP, Oidiodendron, Scytalidium, Hymenoscyphus, Phialocephala.

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An alarming public health concern over variability in herbal compositions of marketed immunity booster products during COVID-19: A botanical survey-based study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW ◽

10.52756/ijerr.2021.v24.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Chirag Kalal ◽

◽

Sanket Charola ◽

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Health Concern ◽

Botanical Survey ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Plant Families ◽

Approved Drugs ◽

Prevention And Cure ◽

Diverse Plant

The world is going through pandemic of the century named COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 pathogenesis involves cytokine storm in advanced stage leading to systemic hyper-inflammation. Medicinal herbs are practiced as part of alternative therapies in addition to clinically approved drugs with strong belief of its safety and efficacy. In present times, many herbal immunity booster products are available in market which claims to boost immunity for fighting against COVID-19 in prevention and cure. In this study, herbal products with tag of Immunity boosters were surveyed from medical stores and studied for their botanical contents. We surveyed 60 herbal products out of which 31% were tablets and rest were other forms like capsule, decoction and avaleha. Among the products, 17% products were from Dabur followed by Himalaya, Zandu and rest other leading brands of herbal market. Total 98 plants belonging to 50 diverse plant families like Zingiberaceae, Lamiaceae, Piperaceae and Apiaceae were reported being used in these products. Including Fruits (19%), Root (18%) and Leaf (17%), total 20 different plant parts were found used as medicinal herbs. These herbal products were having 10.27 ± 14.02 herbs with range of 56 indicates huge ingredient variation among the products. This diversity in products poses serious health concern in buyers who do not know the safety and efficacy of immunity boosters, being used in COVID-19 pandemic.

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Use of Ecological Niche Models of Plant Species to Optimize Placement of Apiaries

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.2478/jas-2019-0017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 243-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yareli J. Cadena Rodríguez ◽

Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez ◽

Gustavo Cruz-Cárdenas ◽

José L. Villaseñor

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Ecological Niche ◽

Good Strategy ◽

Ecological Niche Models ◽

Abiotic Variables ◽

Plant Families ◽

Diverse Plant ◽

Niche Models ◽

The Ideal

AbstractApiaries must be located in areas with abundant flora as they are the nutritional base for Apis mellifera. Asteraceae is one of the most diverse plant families in Mexico and several of its species are of interest for beekeepers. The objective of this study was to determine the best sites for the placement of apiaries with the use of ecological niche models (ENM) of some Asteraceae species important for bees in two basins of the state of Michoacán, Mexico. ENM for thirty species were obtained through records of their presence, twenty abiotic variables and one biotic variable, and a map of species richness was made to determine which sites would be environmentally appropriate for apiaries. The models were statistically evaluated using the AUC_Maxent, partial_ROC and the binomial tests and were verified in the field. The first two tests’ models had values of 0.70 to 1 and the binomial test’s models had values of 1. The map showed six suitable areas with the greatest richness of species. The corroboration in the field proved ENM effective by finding twenty-two of the thirty modeled species inside the predicted areas. Our results support that ENM are a good strategy to predict the ideal habitat for species important for beekeeping, and thus determine the best places to establish apiaries in the region.

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Lead Uptake in Diverse Plant Families: A Study Applying X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es302408m ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 4375-4382 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gudrun L. Bovenkamp ◽

Alexander Prange ◽

Wolfgang Schumacher ◽

Kyungmin Ham ◽

Aaron P. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lead Uptake ◽

X Ray ◽

Plant Families ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Diverse Plant

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Host Plant and Antibiotic Effects on Scent Bouquet Composition of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua Calling Males, Two Polyphagous Tephritid Pests

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11050309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 309

Author(s):

Martín Aluja ◽

Gabriela Cabagne ◽

Alma Altúzar-Molina ◽

Carlos Pascacio-Villafán ◽

Erick Enciso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Anastrepha Ludens ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Sterile Technique ◽

Tephritid Species ◽

Anastrepha Obliqua ◽

Plant Families ◽

Effect Hypothesis ◽

Diverse Plant

In insects, the quality of sex pheromones plays a critical role in mating success and can be determined by the ability of larvae/adults to accrue chemical precursors. We tested the host-quality-effect hypothesis by analyzing the chemical composition of scent bouquets emitted by calling males of two polyphagous tephritid species (Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua) that originated from 13 fruit species representing diverse plant families. In A. ludens, we worked with an ancestral host (Rutaceae), nine exotic ones (Rutaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Lythraceae), and two species never attacked in nature but that represent candidates for host-range expansion (Solanaceae, Myrtaceae). In A. obliqua, we tested an ancestral, a native, and an exotic host (Anacardiaceae), one occasional (Myrtaceae), and one fruit never attacked in nature (Solanaceae). We identified a core scent bouquet and significant variation in the bouquet’s composition depending on the fruit the larvae developed in. We also tested the possible microbial role on the scent bouquet by treating adults with antibiotics, finding a significant effect on quantity but not composition. We dwell on plasticity to partially explain our results and discuss the influence hosts could have on male competitiveness driven by variations in scent bouquet composition and how this could impact insect sterile technique programs.

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The Diagnosis of Viral Disease by Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005398x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 270-273

Author(s):

William B. McCombs ◽

Cameron E. McCoy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Academic Interest ◽

The Past

Recent years have brought a reversal in the attitude of the medical profession toward the diagnosis of viral infections. Identification of bacterial pathogens was formerly thought to be faster than identification of viral pathogens. Viral identification was dismissed as being of academic interest or for confirming the presence of an epidemic, because the patient would recover or die before this could be accomplished. In the past 10 years, the goal of virologists has been to present the clinician with a viral identification in a matter of hours. This fast diagnosis has the potential for shortening the patient's hospital stay and preventing the administering of toxic and/or expensive antibiotics of no benefit to the patient.

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Silica Incorporation in the Cell Wall of the Singing Cell of Urtica dioica

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116541 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 584-585

Author(s):

A. E. Sowers ◽

E. L. Thurston

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Unique Feature ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Wall Material ◽

Pain Response ◽

Apical Portion ◽

Ultrastructural Investigation ◽

Plant Families ◽

Bulbous Tip

Plant stinging emergences exhibit functional similarities in that they all elicit a pain response upon contact. A stinging emergence consists of an elongated stinging cell and a multicellular pedestal (Fig. 1). A recent ultrastructural investigation of these structures has revealed the ontogeny and morphology of the stinging cells differs in representative genera in the four plant families which possess such structures. A unique feature of the stinging cell of Urtica dioica is the presence of a siliceous cell wall in the apical portion of the cell. This rigid region of the cell wall is responsible for producing the needle-like apparatus which penetrates the skin. The stinging cell differentiates the apical bulbous tip early in development and the cell continues growth by intercalary addition of non-silicified wall material until maturity.The uppermost region of the stinging cell wall is entirely composed of silica (Fig. 2, 3) and upon etching with a 3% solution of HF (5 seconds), the silica is partially removed revealing the wall consisting of individualized silica bodies (Fig. 4, 5).

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