The rise of the Russian business elite

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kryshtanovskaya ◽  
Stephen White
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
New Business

The early 1990s saw the formation of a new group of Russian property owners, often derivative of the late Soviet nomenklatura. The richest and most influential were known as oligarchs, and they established a dominant position in the later years of the Yeltsin presidency. Only 15% of the 1993 business elite still retained their position by 2001, after the 1998 devaluation of the currency. Those who took their place were younger, less metropolitan, better educated and more likely to have a background in government, including many who had enjoyed ministerial status. The new business elite is less personally ambitious, but its political influence is no less considerable and its representation in decision-making bodies has more than doubled over the post-communist period. The logic of development is towards a concentration of economic power in the hands of 20e25 large conglomerates in a politically subordinate association with government, along South Korean lines.

Political testimony

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han van Wietmarschen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Decision Procedure ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Political Judgment ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Political Question

I argue that reliance on political testimony conflicts with two democratic values: the value of mutual justifiability and the value of equality of opportunity for political influence. Reliance on political testimony is characterized by a reliance on the assertions of others directly on a political question the citizen is asked to answer as part of a formal democratic decision procedure. Reliance on expert testimony generally, even in the context of political decision-making, does not similarly conflict with democratic values. As a consequence of the argument, citizens have a pro tanto reason to rely on their own political judgment when determining their vote, and democratic societies have a reason to only ask citizens questions they are able to answer without reliance on political testimony.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial decisions: Insights into the use of support services for new business creation

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ammetller ◽  
I. Rodriguez-Ardurab ◽  
J. Llados-Masllorens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Utilization Of Services ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
New Business

This research presents an integrative model about the use of those services that have been specifically designed to support entrepreneurial initiative. By contrast with conventional perspectives from the entrepreneurship field, mainly drawn from a resource-based view, we propose a two-fold approach to explain the utilization of services that are oriented to new business creation: by considering the role of resources within the start-up's reach (internal and external); by incorporating a behavioral and decision-making approach. On the basis of the suggested decision-making framework, a multi-stage decision model is developed and tested by means of a representative sample of entrepreneurs linked to a local development agency. The results show that the adoption and use of support services for new business creation is a complex and reflexive process, triggered by the entrepreneur's internal forces.The entrepreneur searches for information throughout the process and, with assistance from internal teams and external networks, evaluates the choices of businesssupport services. Our findings offer relevant implications and recommendations for business incubators and institutions.

scholarly journals Methodology of Integration for Competitive Technical Intelligence with Blue Ocean Strategy: Application to an exotic fruit

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisela Rodríguez Salvador ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Bautista Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The State ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The South ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Technical Intelligence ◽  
New Business ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The University

This article presents a new methodology that integrates Competitive Technical Intelligence with Blue Ocean Strategy. We explore new business niches taking advantage of the synergy that both areas offer, developing a model based on cyclic interactions through a process developed in two stages: Understanding opportunity that arise from idea formulation to decision making and strategic development. The validity of our approach (first stage) was observed in the evaluation of an exotic fruit, Anacardium Occidentale, in the South of the State of Veracruz, Mexico with the support of the university ITESM, Campus Monterrey. We identified critical factors for success, opportunities and threats. Results confirm the attractiveness of this crop.

scholarly journals Major renovations of apartment complexes: Russian people’s projective attitudes and behavior practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ermishina ◽  
Lyudmila V. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This article analyzes the Russian people’s projective attitudes and behavior practices when it comes to participating in the funding and organizing of major renovations of apartment buildings. The empirical base for the study consists of data from sociological surveys conducted by VCIOM (2015-2020), the Institute of Sociology of the RAS (2003-2019), FOM (2015), Levada Center (2019), The European Social Survey (2016, 2018), as well as the authors’ own expert interviews conducted in 2020. The need to ensure the safety of housing, the complexity and high cost of renovations is a reasonable explanation for government interference in this sector. Russia’s housing legislature assigns responsibility for maintaining and renovating common property to apartment owners, while also stipulating a funding procedure for major renovations based on deposits made by property owners. The system currently in place in Russia for funding and organizing major renovations, which implies the existence of both a “common reserve” and “special accounts” for regulated property owner contributions (that resemble a tax), is far from perfect, it being associated with such issues as a lack of funding, low quality of major renovations, susceptibility to corruption, owners having insufficient control when it comes to decision making. While analyzing material from all-Russian and regional empirical studies, the gap becomes evident between projective attitudes and the actual behavior of Russian people in the realm of major renovations. Despite a marked critical attitude when it comes to evaluating utility service quality, not to mention the “common reserve” model (which is a way of pulling together funds for major renovations and keeping them on the regional operator’s account) being regarded as socially unjust, nevertheless property owners demonstrate a low degree of civic self-organization and meager capability when it comes to taking collective action (as in participating in apartment complex meetings to discuss major renovations, creating and transferring money to dedicated accounts, keeping track of the major renovation process etc.). The reasons why property owners are so slow to develop any efficiency largely lie in the specifics of the institutional collective decision-making environment in regards to the funding and execution of local public property renovation, which also includes major renovations of apartment buildings.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Mobile Internet Information Products of New Agricultural Business Entities

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03049
Author(s):  
Tongyang Wei ◽  
Yong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Business ◽  
Internet Information ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

Facing the current information age, this study aims to probe into the application of internet products of mobile terminals in the new agricultural business entities, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the application. Based on this, the research group conducted an in-depth research on the new agricultural business entities in eight provinces and cities nationwide to understand the application of information products in the new agricultural business entities, in order to provide important reference and innovative ideas for the agricultural management departments and decision-making departments to carry out the work of training, fostering, guiding and serving new business entities.

The Bind of Unilateral Power Dynamics and Youth Voice in School Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-198
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Domínguez ◽  
Valencia Clement ◽  
Melanie Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Youth Voice ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Educational Decision Making

Research has shown the value of including youth, especially minoritized students, in school- and district-level educational decision-making. However, power dynamics, as related to adultism, along with other inequities, are barriers to youth’s political influence. We elucidate these barriers by exploring the possible relationship between adult-adult power dynamics, on one hand, and levels of student voice in schools, on the other. Interviews with teachers and administrators about youth voice initiatives indicated that bounded rationality illuminates how limiting access to knowledge, a form of power, can impact educator decision-making. In addition, bounded rationality bolsters unilateral power structures and therefore curtails youth voice. However, we also found that building relational power between teachers and students and maneuvering beyond bounded rationality increases opportunities for youth voice.

Big Data and Data Analytics Research

Web Services ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 2161-2171
Author(s):  
Miltiadis D. Lytras ◽  
Vijay Raghavan ◽  
Ernesto Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Web Science ◽  
New Business ◽  
Value Propositions

The Big Data and Data Analytics is a brand new paradigm, for the integration of Internet Technology in the human and machine context. For the first time in the history of the human mankind we are able to transforming raw data that are massively produced by humans and machines in to knowledge and wisdom capable of supporting smart decision making, innovative services, new business models, innovation, and entrepreneurship. For the Web Science research, this is a new methodological and technological spectrum of advanced methods, frameworks and functionalities never experienced in the past. At the same moment communities out of web science need to realize the potential of this new paradigm with the support of new sound business models and a critical shift in the perception of decision making. In this short visioning article, the authors are analyzing the main aspects of Big Data and Data Analytics Research and they provide their own metaphor for the next years. A number of research directions are outlined as well as a new roadmap towards the evolution of Big Data to Smart Decisions and Cognitive Computing. The authors do hope that the readers would like to react and to propose their own value propositions for the domain initiating a scientific dialogue beyond self-fulfilled expectations.

From Public Reason to the Democratic Decision-Making Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-62
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Hertzberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Public Justification ◽  
Religious Politics ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter criticizes the ideal of public reason, showing that even when it is specified in several plausible ways, it does not provide citizens with sufficient guidance in evaluating religious politics. Instead, the ideal must be placed within a larger, way-of-life conception of democracy that considers religion’s roles in citizens’ civic lives. The chapter develops a minimal conception of public reason and analyses two criticisms of it: that public reason is a culturally protestant political approach that ignores crucial aspects of religion and that public reason violates religious citizens’ integrity. It then assesses two predominant responses to the second criticism: restricting the domain of public reason norms and adopting the convergence conception of public justification. Both responses demonstrate public reason’s inability to offer citizens sufficient guidance in evaluating religion’s political influence.

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