Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) and Effects of Diuron on Morphology of Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Nauplii

Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Pelarut dalam Uji Sitotoksistas Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada Wound Dressing Kolagen-Kitosan

al-Kimiya ◽

10.15575/ak.v8i1.10277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Ary Andini ◽

Endah Prayekti ◽

Fadillah Triasmoro ◽

Indah Nur Kamaliyah

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality

Kolagen dan kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembalut luka karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik. Namun, pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan perlu dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas sebelum diaplikasikan secara in vivo, seperti Brine Shrimp Lethally Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan tidak dapat larut dalam Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) dan aquadest dengan mudah, oleh karena itu perlu pertimbangan alternatif pelarut karena kolagen dan kitosan lebih mudah larut dalam pelarut asam seperti asam klorida (HCl) dan asam asetat ( CH3COOH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) dari pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO, HCl, CH3COOH dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan didapatkan dengan mencampurkan larutan kitosan 2% dan kolagen dengan perbandingan 1:1 w/w kemudian dihomogenkan, dicetak, dan dikeringkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji sitotoksisitas dengan metode BSLT dan LC50 dihitung menggunakan Analisis Probit. Pembalut luka dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO 1%, CH3COOH 1%, dan HCl 1% hingga homogen, kemudian diencerkan dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Setelah itu uji BSLT dilakukan dengan menggunakan Artemia salina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka yang dilarutkan dalam DMSO 1% memiliki LC50 > 1000 ppm, sedangkan pada pelarut CH3COOH dan pelarut HCl menunjukkan LC50< 30. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelarut DMSO bersifat non-toksik (LC50 > 1000 ppm), tetapi pelarut CH3COOH 1% dan HCl 1% bersifat sangat toksik (LC50 < 30 ppm) sebagai pelarut alternatif pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan pada uji BSLT.

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Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina Leach.) Lethality Test of Ethanolic Extract from Green Betel (Piper betle Linn.) and Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav.) through the Soxhletation Method for Cytotoxicity Test

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 407-412

Author(s):

Nerdy Nerdy ◽

Puji Lestari ◽

Jon Piter Sinaga ◽

Selamat Ginting ◽

Nilsya Febrika Zebua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Lc50 Value

Traditional medicine is currently being explored and developed widely by various countries because its cost effectiveness and reduced side effects. The green betel (Piper betle Linn.) and the red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav.) are plants from the same Piper genus that are widely cultivated in Indonesia and have various phytochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The objective of this research is to determine the cytotoxicity of green leaves and red betel leaves. This research was conducted in two main stages: first, the extraction and preparation through the soxhletation method; second, a cytotoxicity test through the brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) lethality test (BSLT). The results showed that there were lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) value in both green betel leaves ethanolic extract and red betel leaves ethanolic extract, with 44.975 μg per mL and 31.556 μg per mL, respectively. The red betel (leaves ethanolic extract has a higher cytotoxicity than green betel (leaves ethanolic extract which can be seen from the lower lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) value. The difference in cytotoxicity is due to differences in plant varieties that cause variations in phytochemical content which affects the pharmacological effects. The green betel leaves ethanolic extract and the red betel leaves ethanolic extract are cytotoxic and have potential anticancer properties.

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Uji Aktivitas Toksisitas Dan Antimikroba Flavonoid Total Daun Benalu (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L) Miq) Dari Pohon Glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia)

CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL ◽

10.22437/chp.v3i1.4733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

ALIYAH FAHMI ◽

Rumondang Bulan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

E Coli ◽

Polyalthia Longifolia

Penelitian mengenai uji aktivitas toksisitas dan antimikroba flavonoid total daun benalu (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L) Miq) dari pohon glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas toksisitas dari flavonoid total daun benalu pohon glodokan berdasarkan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina Leach diperoleh Lethal Concentration (LC50) sebesar 30.06 mg/L yang berarti memiliki aktivitas toksisitas yang toksik sementara untuk aktivitas antimikroba dari flavonoid total daun benalu pohon glodokan dengan Metode Difusi Agar diperoleh diameter zona hambat pada Streptococcus mutans pada konsentrasi sampel flavonoid total pohon glodokan 3%, 6% dan 9 % adalah 6; 9 dan 17.25 mm, pada Escherichia coli adalah 3.55; 4.25 dan 9.15 mm dan pada Candida albicans adalah 8.30; 4 dan 5.30 mm dimana semakin besar konsentrasi maka daya hambat pada S. mutans dan E. coli semakin besar namun pada C. albicans kurang mempengaruhi tetapi memiliki aktivitas hambat yang baik sehingga efektif dikembangkan sebagai zat antimikroba.

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Toksisitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol 70% daun petai cina (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) dan kulit jengkol (Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C.Nielsen) dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Riset Informasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30644/rik.v8i1.216 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Harry Noviardi ◽

Sitaresmi Yuningtyas ◽

Diah Ajeng Tri R ◽

Ahmad Ben ◽

Padmono Citroreksoko

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality

Latar Belakang: Daun Petai cina dan kulit jengkol merupakan tumbuhan suku polong-polongan yang mengandung senyawa bahan alam seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid. Senyawa bahan alam tersebut diduga berpotensi sebagai antikanker.Uji toksisitas digunakan untuk mendeteksi potensi senyawa antikanker.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai toksisitas dari kombinasi ekstrak daun petai cina dan kulit jengkol. Metode:Proses ekstraksi menggunakan daun petai cina dan kulit jengkol yang digunakan secara berturut-turut 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, dan 1:9. Metode toksisitas yang digunakan adalah Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)dengan hewan uji Artemia salina L. Parameter yang diukur adalah nilai lethal concentration (LC50). Hasil:Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh dari kombinasi ekstrak daun petai cina dan kulit jengkol 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 dan 1:9 secara berturut-turut sebesar 85.27, 30.41, 21.76, 14.06 & 1.358 ppm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan semua kombinasi ekstrak daun petai cina dan kulit jengkol termasuk dalam kategori sangat toksik. Kesimpulan:Kombinasi ekstrak daun petai cina dan kulit jengkol memberikan efek sangat toksik yang diduga berpotensi sebagai antikanker.

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Brine-shrimp Bioassay for Assessment of Anticancer Property of Essential Oils from Spices

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v12i0.6495 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 163-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gan B Bajracharya ◽

Sarbajna M Tuladhar

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

High Mortality ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

High Toxicity ◽

Dose Levels

The potential anticarcinogenicity of essential oils from spices was investigated against brine-shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation. The lethal concentration at the dose levels 10, 100 and 1000 ìg/ml displayed high mortality towards actively swarming Artemia. Asafoetida (LC50 = 4.64 ×10–23 ìg/ml) and cumin oil (LC50 = 0.53 ìg/ml) were extremely toxic. Essential oils of ajowan, small cardamom, cinnamon, clove, coriander, cubeb, dill, fennel, ginger, mace, nutmeg, long pepper, rosemary, tarragon and thyme were shown high toxicity. While big cardamom oil and black pepper oil were displayed moderate toxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6495 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 163-170

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Biosynthesis of the Diguanosine Nucleotides. I. Purification and Properties of an Enzyme from Yolk Platelets of Brine Shrimp Embryos

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o74-036 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 231-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. H. Warner ◽

P. C. Beers ◽

F. L. Huang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Temperature Optimum ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Ph Optimum ◽

Optimal Activity ◽

Purification And Properties

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of P1P4-diguanosine 5′-tetraphosphate (Gp4G) has been isolated and purified from yolk platelets of encysted embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The enzyme GTP:GTP guanylyltransferase (Gp4G synthetase) utilizes GTP as substrate, has a pH optimum of 5.9–6.0, a temperature optimum of 40–42 °C, and requires Mg2+ and dithiothreitol for optimal activity. The synthesis of Gp4G is inhibited markedly by pyrophosphate, whereas orthophosphate has no effect on the reaction. In the presence of GDP the enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of P1,P3-diguanosine 5′-triphosphate (Gp3G), but the rate of synthesis is low compared with Gp4G synthesis and dependent upon other small molecular weight components of yolk platelets.

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MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF ARTEMIA SALINA CYSTS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.58.3.643 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 643-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H. Schmitt ◽

H. Grossfeld ◽

U. Z. Littauer

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Cytochrome B ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Mitochondrial Morphology ◽

Second Stage ◽

Two Stages

Mitochondria isolated from cysts of Artemia salina (brine shrimp) were found to be devoid of cristae and to possess a low respiratory capability. Hydration of the cysts induces marked biochemical and morphological changes in the mitochondria. Their biogenesis proceeds in two stages. The first stage is completed within 1 h and is characterized by a rapid increase in the respiratory capability of the mitochondria, their cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome b, cytochrome c and perhaps some morphological changes. In the second stage there is an increase in the protein-synthesizing capacity of the mitochondria as well as striking changes in mitochondrial morphology leading to the formation of cristae.

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