Comparison of different intraoral scanning techniques on the completely edentulous maxilla: An in vitro 3-dimensional comparative analysis

Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy (Bx) is currently confined to 2D information to both target and record 3D Bx locations. Accurate placement of Bx needles cannot be verified without 3D information, and recording Bx sites in 2D does not provide sufficient information to accurately guide the high incidence of repeat Bx. We have designed a 3D TRUS prostate Bx system that augments the current 2D TRUS system and provides tools for biopsy-planning, needle guidance, and recording of the biopsy core locations entirely in 3D. Methods: Our Bx system displays a 3D model of the patient’s prostate, which is generated intra-procedure from a collection of 2D TRUS images, representative of the particular prostate shape. Bx targets are selected, needle guidance is facilitated, and 3D Bx sites are recorded within the 3D context of the prostate model. The complete 3D Bx system was validated, in vitro, by performing standard ten-core Bx on anatomical phantoms of two patient’s prostates. The accuracy of the needle-guidance, Bx location recording, and 3D model volume and surface topology were validated against a CT gold standard. Results: The Bx system successfully reconstructed the 3D patient prostate models with a mean volume error of 3.2 ± 7.6%. Using the 3D system, needles were accurately guided to the pre-determined targets with a mean error of 2.26 ± 1.03 mm and the 3D locations of the Bx cores were accurately recorded with a mean distance error of 1.47 ± 0.79 mm. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a 3D TRUS prostate biopsy system and validated the system in vitro. A pilot study has been initiated to apply the system clinically.

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Comparative analysis nutrient media for plant rageneration from rice callus in anther culture in vitro

Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii ◽

10.26897/0021-342x-2017-2-126-133 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

M.V. Ilyushko ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Rice Callus ◽

Culture In Vitro

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An ARF GTPase module promoting invasion and metastasis through regulating phosphoinositide metabolism

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21847-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marisa Nacke ◽

Emma Sandilands ◽

Konstantina Nikolatou ◽

Álvaro Román-Fernández ◽

Susan Mason ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

External Signal ◽

Phosphoinositide Metabolism ◽

Invasion And Metastasis ◽

3 Dimensional

AbstractThe signalling pathways underpinning cell growth and invasion use overlapping components, yet how mutually exclusive cellular responses occur is unclear. Here, we report development of 3-Dimensional culture analyses to separately quantify growth and invasion. We identify that alternate variants of IQSEC1, an ARF GTPase Exchange Factor, act as switches to promote invasion over growth by controlling phosphoinositide metabolism. All IQSEC1 variants activate ARF5- and ARF6-dependent PIP5-kinase to promote PI(3,4,5)P3-AKT signalling and growth. In contrast, select pro-invasive IQSEC1 variants promote PI(3,4,5)P3 production to form invasion-driving protrusions. Inhibition of IQSEC1 attenuates invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Induction of pro-invasive IQSEC1 variants and elevated IQSEC1 expression occurs in a number of tumour types and is associated with higher-grade metastatic cancer, activation of PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling, and predicts long-term poor outcome across multiple cancers. IQSEC1-regulated phosphoinositide metabolism therefore is a switch to induce invasion over growth in response to the same external signal. Targeting IQSEC1 as the central regulator of this switch may represent a therapeutic vulnerability to stop metastasis.

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Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727553 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eisha Imran ◽

Faisal Moeen ◽

Beenish Abbas ◽

Bakhtawar Yaqoob ◽

Mehreen Wajahat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Local Anesthetic ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Similar Composition ◽

Ph Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.

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State of the art on lung organoids in mammals

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00946-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fabienne Archer ◽

Alexandra Bobet-Erny ◽

Maryline Gomes

Keyword(s):

Lung Development ◽

One Health ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Animal Health ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Cancer Genetic ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

The One ◽

Species Specific

AbstractThe number and severity of diseases affecting lung development and adult respiratory function have stimulated great interest in developing new in vitro models to study lung in different species. Recent breakthroughs in 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have led to new physiological in vitro models that better mimic the lung than conventional 2D cultures. Lung organoids simulate multiple aspects of the real organ, making them promising and useful models for studying organ development, function and disease (infection, cancer, genetic disease). Due to their dynamics in culture, they can serve as a sustainable source of functional cells (biobanking) and be manipulated genetically. Given the differences between species regarding developmental kinetics, the maturation of the lung at birth, the distribution of the different cell populations along the respiratory tract and species barriers for infectious diseases, there is a need for species-specific lung models capable of mimicking mammal lungs as they are of great interest for animal health and production, following the One Health approach. This paper reviews the latest developments in the growing field of lung organoids.

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The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5499

Author(s):

Hannah L. Smith ◽

Stephen A. Beers ◽

Juliet C. Gray ◽

Janos M. Kanczler

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

3D Models ◽

In Ovo ◽

Future Directions ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

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