scholarly journals Effect of L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid on the availability of dietary zinc in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Boerboom ◽  
Ronald Busink ◽  
Coen Smits ◽  
Jan van Harn ◽  
Paul Bikker
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Diacetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Zinc

scholarly journals Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
L. I. Hew ◽  
G. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acid

The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P>0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were almost 3-fold greater (P>0·05) than those determined by the protein-free diet. The endogenous AA values obtained from GuC and EHC methods were similar (P<0·05), except for the flow of arginine, which was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC method. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine were the predominant endogenous AA present in digesta from the distal ileum. The contents of methionine, histidine and cystine were lower compared with other AA. The method of determination had no effect on the AA composition of endogenous protein, except for threonine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and cystine. The concentrations of threonine and arginine were lower (P>0·05) and that of lysine was higher (P>0·05) with the EHC method compared with the other two methods. The concentration of glutamic acid was greater (P0·05) and that of cystine was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC and GuC methods compared with the protein-free diet method. The results showed that the ileal endogenous flows of N and AA are markedly enhanced by the presence of protein and peptides, above those determined following feeding of a protein-free diet. It is concluded that the use of EHC and GuC methods enables the measurement of ileal endogenous losses in chickens under normal physiological conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological response of glutamine and glutamic acid supplemented broiler chickens to heat stress

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olubodun ◽  
I. Zulkifli ◽  
M. Hair-Bejo ◽  
A. Kasim ◽  
A.F. Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens

scholarly journals Efficacy of l-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid to improve the dietary trace mineral bioavailability in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin M Boerboom ◽  
Ronald Busink ◽  
Coen H Smits ◽  
Wouter H Hendriks ◽  
Javier Martín-Tereso
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Diacetic Acid ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Supplemental Zinc ◽  
Zinc Levels

Abstract Trace minerals are commonly supplemented in the diets of farmed animals in levels exceeding biological requirements, resulting in extensive fecal excretion and environmental losses. Chelation of trace metal supplements with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can mitigate the effects of dietary antagonists by preserving the solubility of trace minerals. Lack of EDTA biodegradability, however, is of environmental concern. l-Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) is a readily biodegradable chelating agent that could be used as a suitable alternative to EDTA. The latter was tested in sequential dose–response experiments in broiler chickens. Study 1 compared the effect of EDTA and GLDA in broilers on supplemental zinc availability at three levels of added zinc (5, 10, and 20 ppm) fed alone or in combination with molar amounts of GLDA or EDTA equivalent to chelate the added zinc, including negative (no supplemental zinc) and positive (80 ppm added zinc) control treatments. Study 2 quantified the effect of GLDA on the availability of native trace mineral feed content in a basal diet containing no supplemental minerals and supplemented with three levels of GLDA (54, 108, and 216 ppm). In study 1, serum and tibia Zn clearly responded to the increasing doses of dietary zinc with a significant response to the presence of EDTA and GLDA (P &lt; 0.05). These results are also indicative of the equivalent nutritional properties between GLDA and EDTA. In study 2, zinc levels in serum and tibia were also increased with the addition of GLDA to a basal diet lacking supplemental trace minerals, where serum zinc levels were 60% higher at the 216 ppm inclusion level. Similar to the reported effects of EDTA, these studies demonstrate that dietary GLDA may have enhanced zinc solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently enhanced availability for absorption, resulting in improved nutritional zinc status in zinc-deficient diets. As such, GLDA can be an effective nutritional tool to reduce supplemental zinc levels in broiler diets, thereby maintaining health and performance while reducing the environmental footprint of food-producing animals.

Influence of xylanase supplementation on the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility in a diet containing wheat and oats, and on the performance of three strains of broiler chickens

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
L. I. Hew ◽  
G. Ravindran ◽  
R. J. Gill ◽  
P. H. Pittolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

A commercial xylanase product was assessed for its effects on the performance of, and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal amino acid digestibility in, 3 commercial broiler strains (Strain A, B, and C) fed on a diet containing wheat (407 g/kg) and oats (78 g/kg). Exogenous xylanase improved weight gains (P = 0.07) and feed/gain (P < 0.04) of broilers, irrespective of genotype. Performance parameters significantly differed among the broiler strains. Strains A and C consumed more (P < 0.04) feed, and grew faster (P < 0.01) and more efficiently (P = 0.07) than Strain B. Enzyme supplementation resulted in 2.8% improvement (P < 0.05) in the AME of the wheat-based diet. The AME tended to be higher (P = 0.09) with Strain A (13.46 MJ/kg dry matter) and Strain C (13.57 MJ/kg dry matter) than with Strain B (13.10 MJ/kg dry matter). The apparent ileal digestibility of all amino acids was 1–2 percentage units higher in birds fed on the enzyme-supplemented diet than in those fed on the unsupplemented diet (controls), but the differences were significant (P < 0.05) only for threonine, methionine, isoleucine, arginine, aspartic acid, serine, and glutamic acid. Highly significant (P < 0.001) strain effects were observed for apparent ileal digestibility of all amino acids, with Strain A recording the highest (0.807–0.945) and Strain B the lowest (0.710–0.912). Mean ileal digestibility coefficients of the 15 amino acids in wheat-based diets for Strains A, B, and C were 0.858, 0.791, and 0.828, respectively. Ileal digesta viscosity was low, and was not affected by dietary enzyme, suggesting that other factors were responsible for the observed improvements in bird performance.

scholarly journals Ação trófica de aditivos fitogênicos, glutamina e ácido glutâmico sobre a Bursa de Fabrícius e intestino delgado de frangos de corte

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cristina Pelícia ◽  
Carlos Ducatti ◽  
Priscila Cavalca de Araujo ◽  
Ana Cristina Stradiotti ◽  
Monica Megumi Aoyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Performance Enhancers ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited.

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