Landscape of mortality during and within thirty days after non-palliative radiotherapy across eleven major cancer types

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Xiang ◽  
Ann C. Raldow ◽  
Erqi L. Pollom ◽  
Michael L. Steinberg ◽  
Amar U. Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Cancer Types

The landscape of mortality during or within 30 days after non-palliative radiotherapy across 11 major cancer types.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6570-6570
Author(s):  
Michael Xiang ◽  
Ann C. Raldow ◽  
Erqi L. Pollom ◽  
Michael L. Steinberg ◽  
Amar Upadhyaya Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cancer Types

6570 Background: The rate of peri-RT mortality (death that occurs during or within 30 days after non-palliative radiotherapy) has not been previously characterized. Risk factors and predictors for peri-RT mortality are unknown. Methods: Adult and pediatric patients with non-metastatic cancer who received non-palliative external beam radiation between 2004-2016 were identified in the National Cancer Database for 11 cancer types: breast, prostate, genitourinary (non-prostate), bone/soft tissue, gynecological, head/neck, lymphoma, gastrointestinal, small cell lung, non-small cell lung, and central nervous system (CNS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of peri-RT mortality while controlling for 16 covariates, including patient, tumor, and treatment factors. Results: Approximately 1.32 million patients were identified. Peri-RT mortality was 2.8% overall but spanned 2 orders of magnitude depending on cancer type, ranging from 0.1% for breast cancer to 8.6% for CNS malignancies. Other cancers with > 5% peri-RT mortality were non-prostate genitourinary, small cell lung, and non-small cell lung. Peri-RT mortality steadily improved from 3.5% in 2004 to 2.0% in 2016 ( P <.0001). Major predictors of peri-RT mortality were cancer stage, older age, baseline comorbidity, and lack of private insurance, while male sex, Black race, and geographical region were associated with modestly increased risk (all P <.0001). Conversely, treatment at an academic center, higher patient volume at the treating facility, concurrent chemotherapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy were associated with modestly decreased risk (all P <.0001). Among patients receiving stereotactic radiotherapy, peri-RT mortality was 1.0% (adjusted odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.30, P <.0001), underscoring the excellent safety record of this treatment approach. Conclusions: Peri-RT mortality varied considerably as a function of multiple disease-specific and sociodemographic differences, which highlight potential areas of health disparities. Early recognition of patients at increased risk may facilitate closer monitoring or other prophylactic interventions.

Cancer in agricultural populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
K. . Togawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.

Identification of BAP1-associated MicroRNAs and Implications in Cancer Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tikam Chand ◽  
Tikam Chand
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Mirna Target ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Mirna Target Prediction ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
In Silico Tools

Having role in gene regulation and silencing, miRNAs have been implicated in development and progression of a number of diseases, including cancer. Herein, I present potential miRNAs associated with BAP1 gene identified using in-silico tools such as TargetScan and Exiqon miRNA Target Prediction. I identified fifteen highly conserved miRNA (hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-4319, hsa-miR125b-5p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-505-3p.1, hsa-miR-429, hsa-miR-370-3p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, and hsa-miR-429) associated with BAP1 gene. We also predicted the differential regulation of these twelve miRNAs in different cancer types.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Basics and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 3009-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Ho Lam Chan ◽  
Pingping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Shed Light

Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the modern world. The last decade has witnessed dramatic advances in cancer treatment through immunotherapy. One extremely promising means to achieve anti-cancer immunity is to block the immune checkpoint pathways – mechanisms adopted by cancer cells to disguise themselves as regular components of the human body. Many review articles have described a variety of agents that are currently under extensive clinical evaluation. However, while checkpoint blockade is universally effective against a broad spectrum of cancer types and is mostly unrestricted by the mutation status of certain genes, only a minority of patients achieve a complete response. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of immune checkpoint inhibitors in both antibody and smallmolecule forms and also discuss potential mechanisms of resistance, which may shed light on further investigation to achieve higher clinical efficacy for these inhibitors.

Anticancer Immunotoxins, Challenges, and Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dashtiahangar ◽  
Leila Rahbarnia ◽  
Safar Farajnia ◽  
Arash Salmaninejad ◽  
Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Recombinant Immunotoxins ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
High Immunogenicity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

: The development of recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) as a novel therapeutic strategy has made a revolution in the treatment of cancer. RITs are resulting from the fusion of antibodies to toxin proteins for targeting and eliminating cancerous cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Despite indisputable outcomes of RITs regarding inhibiting multiple cancer types, high immunogenicity has been known as the main obstacle in the clinical use of RITs. Various strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations, including immunosuppressive therapy, humanization of the antibody fragment moiety, generation of immunotoxins originated from endogenous human cytotoxic enzymes, and modification of the toxin moiety to escape the immune system. This paper devoted to reviewing recent advances in the design of immunotoxins with lower immunogenicity.

Molecular pathways of Interferon–Stimulated Gene 15: Implications in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles C. Tecalco–Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Small Protein ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Gene 15

Abstract:: Human interferon–stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15–kDa ubiquitin–like protein that can be detected as either free ISG15 or covalently associated with its target proteins through a process termed ISGylation. Interestingly, extracellular free ISG15 has been proposed as a cytokine–like protein, whereas ISGylation is a posttranslational modification. ISG15 is a small protein with implications in some biological processes and pathologies that include cancer. This review highlights the findings of both free ISG15 and protein ISGylation involved in several molecular pathways, emerging as central elements in some cancer types.

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