scholarly journals Shortcuts to a functional adipose tissue: The role of small non-coding RNAs

Redox Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 82-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna B. Brandão ◽  
Beatriz A. Guerra ◽  
Marcelo A. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue and obesity: emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lorente-Cebrián ◽  
Pedro González-Muniesa ◽  
Fermín I. Milagro ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractObesity is a metabolic condition usually accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by excessive fat accumulation and related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Enlargement of WAT is associated with a transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For many years, big efforts have focused on understanding protein-coding RNAs and their involvement in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and subsequent role in obesity. However, diverse findings have suggested that a dysfunctional adipocyte phenotype in obesity might be also dependent on specific alterations in the expression pattern of ncRNAs, such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the physiological roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in adipose tissue function and their potential impact on obesity. Therefore, we examined their regulatory role on specific WAT features: adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, hypoxia and WAT browning. MiRNAs can be released to body fluids and can be transported (free or inside microvesicles) to other organs, where they might trigger metabolic effects in distant tissues, thus opening new possibilities to a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalisation of obesity treatment. Understanding the role of miRNAs also opens the possibility of using these molecules on individualised dietary strategies for precision weight management. MiRNAs should be envisaged as a future therapeutic approach given that miRNA levels could be modulated by synthetic molecules (f.i. miRNA mimics and inhibitors) and/or specific nutrients or bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals lncSAMM50 Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation of Buffalo Adipocytes With No Effect on Its Host Gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Zhu ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
Yutong Wei ◽  
Duo Guo ◽  
Jiaojiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Antisense Strand ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Fat deposition is one of the most important traits that are mediated by a set of complex regulatory factors in meat animals. Several researches have revealed the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fat deposition while the precise regulatory mechanism is still largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the lncRNA profiles of adipose and muscle tissues in buffalo by using the Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. In total, 43,809 lncRNAs were finally identified based on the computer algorithm. A comparison analysis revealed 241 lncRNAs that are differentially expressed (DE) in adipose and muscle tissues. We focused on lncSAMM50, a DE lncRNA that has a high expression in adipose tissue. Sequence alignment showed that lncSAMM50 is transcribed from the antisense strand of the upstream region of sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog (SAMM50), a gene involved in the function of mitochondrion and is subsequently demonstrated to inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells in this study. lncSAMM50 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and upregulated in the mature adipocytes and mainly exists in the nucleus. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that lncSAMM50 promotes the adipogenic differentiation by upregulating adipogenic markers but with no effect on its host gene SAMM50 in buffalo adipocytes. These results indicate that lncSAMM50 enhances fat deposition in buffalo and provide a new factor for the regulatory network of adipogenesis.

The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Lymphocytes in Low-Grade Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 469-P
Author(s):  
MILOS MRAZ ◽  
ANNA CINKAJZLOVA ◽  
ZDENA LACINOVÁ ◽  
JANA KLOUCKOVA ◽  
HELENA KRATOCHVILOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 142-OR
Author(s):  
MASAJI SAKAGUCHI ◽  
SHOTA OKAGAWA ◽  
SAYAKA KITANO ◽  
TATSUYA KONDO ◽  
EIICHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

2029-P: Role of Adipose Tissue Macrophage–Derived F13A1 in Regulating Preadipocyte Hyperplasia during Obesity

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2029-P
Author(s):  
DIANA M. ELIZONDO ◽  
LYNN M. GELETKA ◽  
CARMEN G. FLESHER ◽  
CAREY N. LUMENG
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophage

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4659-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Fani ◽  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Nastaran Khodadad ◽  
Hadis Langari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

Inter-Tissue and Intra-Tissue Co-Expression Networks in Human Metabolism: Morphological Evaluation of the Link Between Transcription Factors ERβ and NFAT in Morbid Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Athina Chasapi ◽  
Kostas Balampanis ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
Fotios Kalfaretzos ◽  
Vaia Lambadiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in human metabolism and some of its metabolic actions are mediated by a positive “cross-talk” with Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) and the key metabolic transcriptional coregulator Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2). Introduction: Our study is an “in situ” morphological evaluation of the communication between ERβ, NFAT and TIF2 in morbid obesity. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and with the presence of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were also explored. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ERβ and NFAT in the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and related comorbidities. We have investigated the expression of specific proteins using immunochemistry methodologies. Methods: Our population consists of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery, during which biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver and the differential protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: We demonstrated an extensive intra- and inter-tissue co-expression network, which confirms the tissue-specific and integral role of each one of the investigated proteins in morbid obesity. Moreover, a beneficial role of ERβ and NFATc1 against NAFLD is implicated, whereas the distinct roles of TIF2 still remain an enigma. Conclusions: We believe that our findings will shed light on the complex underlying mechanisms and that the investigated biomarkers could represent future targets for the prevention and therapy of obesity and its comorbidities.

MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Aggarwal ◽  
Ridhima Wadhwa ◽  
Riya Gupta ◽  
Keshav Raj Paudel ◽  
Trudi Collet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Regardless of advances in detection and treatment, breast cancer affects about 1.5 million women all over the world. Since the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively conducted for breast cancer to define the role of miRNA as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are associated with the regulation of key cellular processes such as cell multiplication, differentiation, and death. They cause a disturbance in the cell physiology by interfering directly with the translation and stability of a targeted gene transcript. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of non-coding RNAs, which regulate target gene expression and protein levels that affect several human diseases and are suggested as the novel markers or therapeutic targets, including breast cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are not only associated with metastasis, tumor genesis but also used as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or prognosis. These are explained in detail in the following review. This review will also provide an impetus to study the role of microRNAs in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases and Obesity in Humans: Association of F13A1 to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8289
Author(s):  
Mari T. Kaartinen ◽  
Mansi Arora ◽  
Sini Heinonen ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Gene Enrichment ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Mz Twins

Transglutaminases TG2 and FXIII-A have recently been linked to adipose tissue biology and obesity, however, human studies for TG family members in adipocytes have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the association of TGM family members to acquired weight gain in a rare set of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for body weight, i.e., heavy–lean twin pairs. We report that F13A1 is the only TGM family member showing significantly altered, higher expression in adipose tissue of the heavier twin. Our previous work linked adipocyte F13A1 to increased weight, body fat mass, adipocyte size, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Here, we explored further the link of F13A1 to adipocyte size in the MZ twins via a previously conducted TWA study that was further mined for genes that specifically associate to hypertrophic adipocytes. We report that differential expression of F13A1 (ΔHeavy–Lean) associated with 47 genes which were linked via gene enrichment analysis to immune response, leucocyte and neutrophil activation, as well as cytokine response and signaling. Our work brings further support to the role of F13A1 in the human adipose tissue pathology, suggesting a role in the cascade that links hypertrophic adipocytes with inflammation.

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