lncSAMM50 Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation of Buffalo Adipocytes With No Effect on Its Host Gene

Fat deposition is one of the most important traits that are mediated by a set of complex regulatory factors in meat animals. Several researches have revealed the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fat deposition while the precise regulatory mechanism is still largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the lncRNA profiles of adipose and muscle tissues in buffalo by using the Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. In total, 43,809 lncRNAs were finally identified based on the computer algorithm. A comparison analysis revealed 241 lncRNAs that are differentially expressed (DE) in adipose and muscle tissues. We focused on lncSAMM50, a DE lncRNA that has a high expression in adipose tissue. Sequence alignment showed that lncSAMM50 is transcribed from the antisense strand of the upstream region of sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog (SAMM50), a gene involved in the function of mitochondrion and is subsequently demonstrated to inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells in this study. lncSAMM50 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and upregulated in the mature adipocytes and mainly exists in the nucleus. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that lncSAMM50 promotes the adipogenic differentiation by upregulating adipogenic markers but with no effect on its host gene SAMM50 in buffalo adipocytes. These results indicate that lncSAMM50 enhances fat deposition in buffalo and provide a new factor for the regulatory network of adipogenesis.

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Irisin exerts dual effects on browning and adipogenesis of human white adipocytes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (2) ◽

pp. E530-E541 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Yuan Zhang ◽

Chao Xie ◽

Hai Wang ◽

Robin M. Foss ◽

Morgan Clare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Cellular Energy ◽

Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽

Basal Expression ◽

White Adipocytes ◽

Ucp1 Expression

To better understand the role of irisin in humans, we examined the effects of irisin in human primary adipocytes and fresh human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). Human primary adipocytes derived from 28 female donors' fresh scWAT were used to examine the effects of irisin on browning and mitochondrial respiration, and preadipocytes were used to examine the effects of irisin on adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Cultured fragments of scWAT and perirenal brown fat were used for investigating signal transduction pathways that mediate irisin's browning effect by Western blotting to detect phosphorylated forms of p38, ERK, and STAT3 as well as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Individual responses to irisin in scWAT were correlated with basal expression levels of brown/beige genes. Irisin upregulated the expression of browning-associated genes and UCP1 protein in both cultured primary mature adipocytes and fresh adipose tissues. It also significantly increased thermogenesis at 5 nmol/l by elevating cellular energy metabolism (OCR and ECAR). Treating human scWAT with irisin increased UCP1 expression by activating the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling. Blocking either pathway with specific inhibitors abolished irisin-induced UCP1 upregulation. However, our results showed that UCP1 in human perirenal adipose tissue was insensitive to irisin. Basal levels of brown/beige and FNDC5 genes correlated positively with the browning response of scWAT to irisin. In addition, irisin significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation but promoted osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that irisin promotes “browning” of mature white adipocytes by increasing cellular thermogenesis, whereas it inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis during lineage-specific differentiation. Our findings provide a rationale for further exploring the therapeutic use of irisin in obesity and exercise-associated bone formation.

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Role of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Adipogenesis of SGBS Cells: New Insights into Human Preadipocyte Proliferation

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000491770 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 397-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ingrid Felicidade ◽

Daniele Sartori ◽

Susan L.M. Coort ◽

Simone Cristine Semprebon ◽

Andressa Megumi Niwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Cell Model ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Growth Arrest ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Sgbs Cells

Background/Aims: Compared with non-obese individuals, obese individuals commonly store more vitamin D in adipose tissue. VDR expression in adipose tissue can influence adipogenesis and is therefore a target pathway deserving further study. This study aims to assess the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Methods: RTCA, MTT, and trypan blue assays were used to assess the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the viability, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation of SGBS cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed with flow cytometry, triglycerides were quantified, and RT-qPCR was used to assess gene expression. Results: We confirmed that the SGBS cell model is suitable for studying adipogenesis and demonstrated that the differentiation protocol induces cell maturation, thereby increasing the lipid content of cells independently of treatment. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment had different effects according to the cell stage, indicating different modes of action driving proliferation and differentiation. In preadipocytes, 1,25(OH)2D3 induced G1 growth arrest at both tested concentrations without altering CDKN1A gene expression. Treatment with 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 also decreased MTT absorbance and the lipid concentration. Moreover, increased normalized cell index values and decreased metabolic activity were not induced by proliferation or apoptosis. Exposure to 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 induced VDR, CEBPA, and CEBPB expression, even in the preadipocyte stage. During adipogenesis, 1,25(OH)2D3 had limited effects on processes such as VDR and PPARG gene expression, but it upregulated CEBPA expression. Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that 1,25(OH)2D3 induces changes in preadipocytes, including VDR expression and growth arrest, and increases the lipid content in adipocytes treated for 16 days. Preadipocytes are important cells in adipose tissue homeostasis, and understanding the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in adipogenesis is a crucial step in ensuring adequate vitamin D supplementation, especially for obese individuals.

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MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue and obesity: emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20180890 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 23-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Silvia Lorente-Cebrián ◽

Pedro González-Muniesa ◽

Fermín I. Milagro ◽

J. Alfredo Martínez

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Dietary Strategies ◽

Potential Use

AbstractObesity is a metabolic condition usually accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by excessive fat accumulation and related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Enlargement of WAT is associated with a transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For many years, big efforts have focused on understanding protein-coding RNAs and their involvement in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and subsequent role in obesity. However, diverse findings have suggested that a dysfunctional adipocyte phenotype in obesity might be also dependent on specific alterations in the expression pattern of ncRNAs, such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the physiological roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in adipose tissue function and their potential impact on obesity. Therefore, we examined their regulatory role on specific WAT features: adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, hypoxia and WAT browning. MiRNAs can be released to body fluids and can be transported (free or inside microvesicles) to other organs, where they might trigger metabolic effects in distant tissues, thus opening new possibilities to a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalisation of obesity treatment. Understanding the role of miRNAs also opens the possibility of using these molecules on individualised dietary strategies for precision weight management. MiRNAs should be envisaged as a future therapeutic approach given that miRNA levels could be modulated by synthetic molecules (f.i. miRNA mimics and inhibitors) and/or specific nutrients or bioactive compounds.

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A Review on the Role of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 6 Long Non-coding RNAs in the Carcinogenic Processes

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.741684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽

Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽

Mohammad Taheri ◽

Seyedpouzhia Shojaei

Keyword(s):

Splice Variants ◽

Cell Types ◽

Host Gene ◽

Small Nucleolar Rna ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Almost All ◽

Nucleolar Rna ◽

Tgf Β1

Being located on 17q25.1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG16) is a member of SNHG family of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) with 4 exons and 13 splice variants. This lncRNA serves as a sponge for a variety of miRNAs, namely miR-520a-3p, miR-4500, miR-146a miR-16–5p, miR-98, let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-93, miR-17-5p, miR-186, miR-302a-3p, miR-605-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-195, let-7b-5p, miR-16, miR-340, miR-1301, miR-205, miR-488, miR-1285-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-124-3p. This lncRNA can affect activity of TGF-β1/SMAD5, mTOR, NF-κB, Wnt, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Almost all studies have reported oncogenic effect of SNHG16 in diverse cell types. Here, we explain the results of studies about the oncogenic role of SNHG16 according to three distinct sets of evidence, i.e., in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence.

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Involvement of a Short Interspersed Element in Epigenetic Transcriptional Silencing of the Amoebapore Gene in Entamoeba histolytica

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.4.11.1775-1784.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 1775-1784 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Michael Anbar ◽

Rivka Bracha ◽

Yael Nuchamowitz ◽

Yan Li ◽

Anat Florentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽

Promoter Region ◽

Histone H3 ◽

Transcriptional Silencing ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Antisense Strand ◽

Interfering Rna

ABSTRACT Transcriptional silencing of an amoebapore (ap-a) gene occurred in Entamoeba histolytica following the transfection of plasmids containing a DNA segment (473 bp) homologous to the 5′ upstream region of the gene (R. Bracha, Y. Nuchamowitz, and D. Mirelman, Eukaryot. Cell 2:295-305, 2003). This segment contains the promoter region of the ap-a gene, a T-rich stretch, followed by a truncated SINE1 (short interspersed element 1) that is transcribed from the antisense strand. Transfection of plasmids containing truncated SINE1 sequences which lack their 3′ regulatory elements upstream of the ap-a gene was essential for the downstream silencing of the ap-a gene while transfection with plasmids containing the entire SINE1 sequence or without the T-rich stretch promoted the overexpression of the ap-a gene. Both the T-rich stretch and sequences of the 5′ SINE1 were essential for the transcription of SINE1. RNA extracts from gene-silenced cultures showed small amounts of short (∼140-nucleotide), single-stranded molecules with homology to SINE1 but no short interfering RNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis with an antibody against methylated K4 of histone H3 showed a demethylation of K4 at the domain of the ap-a gene, indicating transcriptional inactivation. These results suggest the involvement of SINE1 in triggering the gene silencing and the role of histone modification in its epigenetic maintenance.

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The Role of Cellular Proliferation in Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Stem Cells and Development ◽

10.1089/scd.2017.0071 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 1578-1595 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maribel P. Marquez ◽

Frances Alencastro ◽

Alma Madrigal ◽

Jossue Loya Jimenez ◽

Giselle Blanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Human Adipose Tissue

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Characterization of Circular RNAs in Chinese Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Adipose Tissue: A Focus on Circular RNAs Involved in Fat Deposition

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 403 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jieping Huang ◽

Jinhui Zhao ◽

Qiuzhi Zheng ◽

Shuzhe Wang ◽

Xuefeng Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

First Time

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as a novel type of regulators involved in multiple biological processes. However, circRNAs with a potential function in fat deposition in buffalo are poorly understood. In this study, six RNA libraries of adipose tissue were constructed for three young and three adult Chinese buffaloes with paired-ends RNA sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. A total of 5141 circRNAs were computationally identified. Among them, 252 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the young and adult buffaloes. Of these, 54 were upregulated and 198 were downregulated in the adult group. Eight DE circRNAs were further identified by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Co-expression analysis revealed that 34 circRNAs demonstrated a strong correlation with fat deposition-associated genes (|r| > 0.980). Among these, expressional correlation between two circRNAs (19:45387150|45389986 and 21:6969877|69753491) and PR/SET domain 16 was further verified using qRT-PCR, and a strong correlation was revealed (1 > |r| > 0.8). These results strongly suggest that circRNAs 19:45387150|45389986 and 21:6969877|69753491 are potential regulators of buffalo fat deposition. In summary, this study characterized the circRNA profiles of adipose tissues at different stages for the first time and revealed two circRNAs strongly correlated with fat deposition-associated genes, which provided new candidate regulators for fat deposition in buffalo.

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