Part 3. Multivariate road safety models: Future research orientations and current use to forecast performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gaudry ◽  
Matthieu de Lapparent
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Research Orientations ◽  
Safety Models

scholarly journals The impact of weather on bicycle risk exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Sylwia Pazdan
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bicycle Safety ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
The Impact

Traffic volume is the main independent variable of risk exposure in road safety models. Cyclists as a vulnerable road users are more exposed to weather conditions than e.g. car drivers. As a result, their decision of whether to cycle is strongly related to weather conditions. It suggests that any change in the weather may have a significant effect on bicycle use. Objective of the paper was to indicate which weather parameters have a significant impact on bicycle use, how a change in weather parameters affects the change in bicycle volume (risk exposure) and, consequently, predicted number of crashes with cyclists and which factors differentiate the impact of weather conditions on bicycle volume. The impact of weather on bicycle volume variability was estimated based on literature review. The Web of Science, Scopus and TRID databases were searched. Finally, 33 papers from 1977 up to 2020, different in terms of the methodology used, country of origin, and analyzed group of cyclists, were reviewed. The impact of change in weather conditions on the predicted number of crashes with cyclists was estimated using own road safety models and previous research results. Results indicate that air temperature, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, humidity, and wind strength, have a significant influence on bicycle use. The impact of the weather on bicycle volume differs between different cyclists’ groups (different levels of experience, age, gender), trip motivations (recreational, commuting, etc.) and locations (countries, cities, climate zones). The paper shows complexity of impact of weather conditions on cycling and sensitivity of relationship between weather conditions and bicycle volume (i.e. risk exposure) and, as a consequence, bicycle safety. Results indicate that weather conditions should always be taken into consideration when analyzing cycling, especially in road safety analysis. The discussion of presented research results, research methods used with their limitations, and recommendations for future research were described.

scholarly journals Speeding and Speed Modification of Older Drivers: Does Vehicle Type Make a Difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Cull ◽  
Michelle M. Porter ◽  
Satoru Nakagawa ◽  
Glenys A. Smith ◽  
Mark J. Rapoport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Primary Hypothesis

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine whether vehicle type based on size (car vs. other = truck/van/SUV) had an impact on the speeding, acceleration, and braking patterns of older male and female drivers (70 years and older) from a Canadian longitudinal study. The primary hypothesis was that older adults driving larger vehicles (e.g., trucks, SUVs, or vans) would be more likely to speed than those driving cars. Participants (n = 493) had a device installed in their vehicles that recorded their everyday driving. The findings suggest that the type of vehicle driven had little or no impact on per cent of time speeding or on the braking and accelerating patterns of older drivers. Given that the propensity for exceeding the speed limit was high among these older drivers, regardless of vehicle type, future research should examine what effect this behaviour has on older-driver road safety.

Development of the Pedestrian Anger Scale. A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herrero-Fernández ◽  
Mireia Oliva-Macías ◽  
Pamela Parada-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractAnger has been closely related to risky behavior, and this last has been related to road accidents. The current research aimed to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire to measure anger in pedestrians (n = 550, 40.73% male) of a wide age rage (14–65 years, M = 27.91, SD = 13.21). The Parallel Analysis showed that the 15 items of the Pedestrian Anger Scale fitted satisfactorily in a four-factor solution: Anger because of obstructions or slowdowns caused by other pedestrians (α = .79), Anger because of hostility from drivers (α = .64), Anger because of bad conditions of the infrastructure (α = .62), and Anger because of dangerous situations caused by vehicles (α = .71). The global scale had also a good internal consistency (α = .83). Further analyses suggested convergent, divergent and incremental validity by correlating the global score of the questionnaire with both risk and anger measures. Middle-aged people (19–30 years) scored higher in anger as pedestrians than eldest (> 45 years), η2 = .02, but no significant effect were obtained by gender. Practical implications from both clinical and road safety viewpoints are discussed, and both future research proposals and limitations of the current study are also commented.

scholarly journals Road Safety in Low-Income Countries: State of Knowledge and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Heydari ◽  
Adrian Hickford ◽  
Rich McIlroy ◽  
Jeff Turner ◽  
Abdulgafoor M. Bachani
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Road safety in low-income countries (LICs) remains a major concern. Given the expected increase in traffic exposure due to the relatively rapid motorisation of transport in LICs, it is imperative to better understand the underlying mechanisms of road safety. This in turn will allow for planning cost-effective road safety improvement programs in a timely manner. With the general aim of improving road safety in LICs, this paper discusses the state of knowledge and proposes a number of future research directions developed from literature reviews and expert elicitation. Our study takes a holistic approach based on the Safe Systems framework and the framework for the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety. We focused mostly on examining the problem from traffic engineering and safety policy standpoints, but also touched upon other sectors, including public health and social sciences. We identified ten focus areas relating to (i) under-reporting; (ii) global best practices; (iii) vulnerable groups; (iv) disabilities; (v) road crash costing; (vi) vehicle safety; (vii) proactive approaches; (viii) data challenges; (ix) social/behavioural aspects; and (x) capacity building. Based on our findings, future research ought to focus on improvement of data systems, understanding the impact of and addressing non-fatal injuries, improving estimates on the economic burden, implementation research to scale up programs and transfer learnings, as well as capacity development. Our recommendations, which relate to both empirical and methodological frontiers, would lead to noteworthy improvements in the way road safety data collection and research is conducted in the context of LICs.

scholarly journals Automated Parameter Determination for Horizontal Curves for the Purposes of Road Safety Models with the Use of the Global Positioning System

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzynski ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Jerzy Pyrchla ◽  
Wojciech Kustra ◽  
Adam Inglot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Safety Models

This paper presents the results of research conducted to develop an automated system capable of determining parameters for horizontal curves. The system presented in this article could calculate the actual course of a road by means of a two-stage positioning of recorded points along the road. In the first stage, measurements were taken with a Real-Time Network (RTN) receiver installed in a research vehicle. In the second stage, pictures from three cameras, also installed in the vehicle, were analyzed in order to correct the accuracy of the location of the measurement points along the road. The RTN messages and the pictures from the cameras were sent to a mobile workstation which integrated the received signals in an ArcGIS (Esri) environment. The system provides a way to quickly accumulate highly accurate data on the actual geometric parameters of a road. The computer scripts developed by the authors on the basis of the acquired data could automatically determine the parameters of the horizontal curves. The solution was tested in the field and some comments on its advantages and disadvantages are presented in this paper. The automation of data acquisition with regards to the run of a road provides effective data input for mathematical models that include the effect of horizontal curve parameters on road safety. These could be used to implement more effective ways of improving road safety.

scholarly journals Development of a Holistic Assessment Framework for Industrial Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos G. Aravossis ◽  
Vasilis C. Kapsalis ◽  
Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos ◽  
Theofanis G. Xouleis
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Research Orientations ◽  
Assessment Performance ◽  
Implementation Tool

The evaluation and selection among the best production practices beyond the conventional linear models is, nowadays, concerned with those holistic approaches drawn toward environmental assessment in industry. Therefore, researchers need to develop an analysis that can evaluate the performance of industrial organization in the light of their environmental viewpoint. This study implemented a pilot co-integrated scheme based on an innovative in-house Holistic Assessment Performance Index for Environment (HAPI-E) industry tool while assimilating the principles of circular economy through the Eco-innovation Development and Implementation Tool (EDIT). For the latter, nine qualitative indicators were motivated and enriched the weighting criteria of the questionnaire. The decomposition of the complexity and preferences mapping was accompanied by a multi-criteria holistic hierarchical analysis methodology in order to synthesize a single index upon a need-driven scoring. This multi-criteria decision approach in industry can quantify the material and process flows, thus enhancing the existing knowledge of manipulating internal resources. The key-criteria were based on administrative, energy, water, emissions, and waste strategies. Subsequently, the HAPI-E industry tool was modeled on the food industry, being particularly focused on pasta-based industrial production. Then, the parameters of this tool were modeled, measured, and evaluated in terms of the environmental impact awareness. The magnitude of necessary improvements was unveiled, while future research orientations were discussed. The HAPI-E industry tool can be utilized as a precautionary methodology on sustainable assessment while incorporating multifaceted and quantification advantages.

scholarly journals Assessing self-reported risky behavior among two-wheeled vehicle users: an exploratory analysis comparing e-bikers to other riders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ragot-Court ◽  
Carole Rodon ◽  
Pierre Van Elslande ◽  
Jian Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Variance Explained

AbstractThe current deployment of e-bikes in large cities all over the world raises new road safety problems. The shared features of e-bikes and other types of two-wheelers, notably in terms of size and maneuverability, can lead to common road safety issues and similar accident mechanisms. This paper outlines the value of a comparative approach that includes all kinds of two-wheelers, motorized or not: bicycles, e-bikes of both the bicycle type and the scooter type, LPG and gasoline scooters, and motorcycles. For this purpose, a new self-reported risky behavior inventory was developed and its validity tested among 400 two-wheeler users in Shanghai. China, where the spread of e-bikes and other two-wheelers took place several years ago, is a useful country to study to shed light on issues that are emerging in Europe. Results indicate highly satisfactory psychometric properties of the inventory with a single-factor 12-item structure (52.81% of variance explained, α = .93) and very satisfactory fit indexes. In terms of construct validity, the eta (η) correlation ratio indicates its significant relation with self-reported previous accidents and with several criterion related experience variables. Furthermore, a high correlation was noted between the inventory scores and the maximum speed of the participants’ vehicles. Ultimately, the inventory will enable future research to characterize and explain risky riding behaviors by riders of e-bikes compared to riders of other two-wheelers in China and, with some slight adaptations, these results can be applied to the European context.

scholarly journals Is this Transnational Entrepreneurship? Five Cases in Which It Is Hard to Say ‘Yes’ or ‘No’

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-40
Author(s):  
Aki Harima ◽  
Thomas Baron
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Status ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurship ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurs ◽  
Research Orientations ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Scholars have lately started using the notion of ‘transnational entrepreneurship’. However, transnational entrepreneurship has not achieved the status of an independent research field in literature yet. Scholars and policymakers do not seem to have managed to address the clear-cut, distinctive nature of transnational entrepreneurship due to its conceptual ambiguity. This challenge calls for thoughtful consideration of the scope and range of the transnational entrepreneurship concept. Consequently, this study aims at critically reviewing the recent literature on transnational entrepreneurship in contrast to migrants’ entrepreneurial activities and international entrepreneurship to identify the current scholars’ underlying assumptions about this phenomenon and challenges them by demonstrating its heterogeneity with the presentation of five empirical cases. In these five cases, entrepreneurs conduct business in which transnationalism plays a certain role, yet differently. We contrast the presented cases with the four assumptions about transnational entrepreneurs identified from literature: (a) frequent travels between home and host countries, (b) simultaneous entrepreneurial engagement in two countries, (c) deep dual embeddedness in home and host institutional environments and (d) highly educated migrants. Based on the discussion, we develop a set of research propositions regarding the characteristics of transnational entrepreneurs, which are not fully considered in literature. By demonstrating the heterogeneity of transnational entrepreneurship and by showing future research orientations, we contribute to the literature on transnational entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Does the Multiple-Participant Innovation Improve Regional Innovation Efficiency? A Study of China’s Regional Innovation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Xiaodi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cooperation Model ◽  
Research Orientations ◽  
Dynamic Cooperation

The triple helix (university-industry-government) is a dynamic cooperation model in the area of regional innovation. With the application of this model, the authors aim to address the mechanism of how multiple participants affect innovation efficiency against the research background of China Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs-QCA) is applied to conduct a multiple-case analysis. With the evaluation of 31 provinces in China, which have various innovation performances and degrees of regional cooperation, the authors find strong evidence to support the positive effects of multiple participants on regional radical innovation. Moreover, this article also finds two typical configurations of factors that contribute to high innovation efficiency. Based on the results, the authors propose policy implications to improve China’s regional innovation in different areas. Finally, this paper concludes with the discussion of future research orientations, which could focus on the differences in the triple helix among different industries in China.

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