Nitrogen purification potential limited by nitrite reduction process in coastal eutrophic wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 133702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhao ◽  
Songlin Liu ◽  
Zhijian Jiang ◽  
Yunchao Wu ◽  
Lijun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Process ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen Purification ◽  
Eutrophic Wetlands

scholarly journals Research on Biological Fluidized Bed System Treatment Performance and Nitrogen Removal Process for Seafood Processing Wastewater with Different Operation Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2630
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Hong You ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhansheng Guo ◽  
Junxue Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Seafood Processing

In this study, the biological fluidized bed system was used to treat seafood processing wastewater. The sludge was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and acclimated for 200 days before the experiment. The treatment efficiencies of simulated seafood processing wastewater by biological fluidized bed system with different sludge concentrations, different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and different bio-carriers were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increasing sludge concentration and by extending hydraulic retention time, and the higher removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus could be obtained with the higher specific surface area of the bio-carrier. The nitrogen removal process analysis showed that the nitrification and denitrification activity of sludge could be changed with different operation conditions resulting in different nitrogen removal efficiency in the biological fluidized bed system. This was mainly because the change tendency of the ammonia nitrogen oxidizing process, nitrite oxidizing process, nitrite reduction process and nitrate reduction process was different with different operation conditions in a high salinity environment. Theoretically, the difference of the inhibitory effect of a high-salt environment on different nitrification and denitrification processes could be used to realize shortcut nitrification denitrification by controlling a certain operation condition.

Green synthesis of mixed metallic nanoparticles using room temperature self-assembly

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 4671-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Abdelghany ◽  
A.H. Oraby ◽  
Awatif A Hindi ◽  
Doaa M El-Nagar ◽  
Fathia S Alhakami
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) were synthesized at room temperature using Curcumin. Reduction process of silver and gold ions with different molar ratios leads to production of different nanostructures including alloys and core-shells. Produced nanoparticles were characterized simultaneously with FTIR, UV/vis. spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX). UV/vis. optical absorption spectra of as synthesized nanoparticles reveals presence of surface palsmon resonance (SPR) of both silver at (425 nm) and gold at (540 nm) with small shift and broadness of gold band after mixing with resucing and capping agent in natural extract which suggest presence of bimetallic nano structure (Au/Ag). FTIR and EDAX data approve the presence of bimetallic nano structure combined with curcumin extract. TEM micrographs shows that silver and gold can be synthesized separately in the form of nano particles using curcumin extract. Synthesis of gold nano particles in presence of silver effectively enhance and control formation of bi-metallic structure.

Scalable Synthesis of Functionalized Ferrocenyl Azides and Amines Enabled by Flow Chemistry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Kleoff ◽  
Johannes Schwan ◽  
Lisa Boeser ◽  
Bence Hartmayer ◽  
Mathias Christmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Reactor Section

A scalable access to functionalized 1,1’- and 1,2-ferrocenyl azides has been realized in flow. By halogen‒lithium exchange of ferrocenyl halides and subsequent reaction with tosyl azide, a variety of functionalized ferrocenyl azides was obtained in high yields. To allow a scalable preparation of these potentially explosive compounds, an efficient flow protocol was developed accelerating the reaction time to minutes and circumventing accumulation of potentially hazardous intermediates. Switching from homogeneous to triphasic flow amidst process was key for handling a heterogeneous reaction mixture formed after a heated reactor section. The corresponding and synthetically versatile ferrocenyl amines were then prepared by a reliable reduction process.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using flower extract of Piliostigma thonningii and their antibacterial activity evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Magnetic Storage ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

Iron nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention due to their application in magnetic storage media, ferrofluids, biosensors, catalysts, separation processes, environmental remediation and antibacterial activity. In the present paper, iron nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous flower extract of Piliostigma thonningii, a natural nontoxic herbal infusion. Iron nanoparticles were generated by reaction of ferrous chloride solution with the flower extract. The reductants present in the flower extract acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. UV-vis analysis of the iron nanoparticles showed continuous absorption in the visible range suggesting the iron nanoparticles were amorphous. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which did not have distinct diffraction peaks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were aggregated as irregular clusters with rough surfaces. FT-IR studies showed the functional groups that participated in the bio-reduction process to include a C-H stretch (due to alkane CH3, CH2 or CH), C=O stretch (due to aldehydes), O-H bend (due to tert-alcohol or phenol), C-O stretch (due to aldehydes or phenols) and C-O stretch (due to alcohols) corresponding to absorptions at 2929.00, 1721.53, 1405.19, 1266.31 and 1030.02 cm-1 respectively. The iron nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity against Escharichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggesting potential antibacterial application.

Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 745-754
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Rachmadani ◽  
Yuniawan Hidayat ◽  
Indriana Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Irregular Particle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pure Metals

Abstract The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a short version of the Sarcopenia Quality of Life questionnaire: the SF-SarQoL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geerinck ◽  
C. Beaudart ◽  
J.-Y. Reginster ◽  
M. Locquet ◽  
C. Monseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaire ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract Purpose To facilitate the measurement of quality of life in sarcopenia, we set out to reduce the number of items in the previously validated Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL®) questionnaire, and to evaluate the clinimetric properties of this new short form. Methods The item reduction process was carried out in two phases. First, information was gathered through item-impact scores from older people (n = 1950), a Delphi method with sarcopenia experts, and previously published clinimetric data. In the second phase, this information was presented to an expert panel that decided which of the items to include in the short form. The newly created SFSarQoL was then administered to older, community-dwelling participants who previously participated in the SarcoPhAge study. We examined discriminative power, internal consistency, construct validity, test–retest reliability, structural validity and examined item parameters with a graded response model (IRT). Results The questionnaire was reduced from 55 to 14 items, a 75% reduction. A total of 214 older, community-dwelling people were recruited for the validation study. The clinimetric evaluation showed that the SF-SarQoL® can discriminate on sarcopenia status [EWGSOP2 criteria; 34.52 (18.59–43.45) vs. 42.86 (26.56–63.69); p = 0.043], is internally consistent (α = 0.915, ω = 0.917) and reliable [ICC = 0.912 (0.847–0.942)]. A unidimensional model was fitted (CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.975; RMSEA = 0.108, 90% CI 0.094–0.123; SRMR = 0.055) with no misfitting items and good response category separation. Conclusions A new, 14-item, short form version of the Sarcopenia Quality of Life questionnaire has been developed and shows good clinimetric properties.

scholarly journals Evolution of reduction process from tungsten oxide to ultrafine tungsten powder via hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Ben Fu Long ◽  
Chun Yu Liu ◽  
Gao An Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Tungsten Powder ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Fibrous Structure ◽  
Chemical Vapor Transport ◽  
Oxide Particles

Abstract Herein, the evolution of reduction process of ultrafine tungsten powder in industrial conditions was investigated. The transition process of morphology and composition was examined via SEM, XRD, and calcination experiments. The results show that the reduction sequence of WO2.9 was WO2.9 → WO2.72 → WO2 → W on the surface, but WO2.9 → WO2 → W inside the oxide particles. With the aid of chemical vapor transport of WO x (OH) y , surface morphology transformed into rod-like, star-shaped cracking, floret, irregularly fibrous structure, and finally, spherical tungsten particles.

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