Analyzing the relationship between poverty, income inequality, and CO2 emission in Sub-Saharan African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 139867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Baloch ◽  
Danish ◽  
Salah Ud-Din Khan ◽  
Zübeyde Şentürk Ulucak ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion, Income Inequality and Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Chima M. Menyelim ◽  
Abiola A. Babajide ◽  
Alexander E. Omankhanlen ◽  
Benjamin I. Ehikioya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the relevance of inclusive financial access in moderating the effect of income inequality on economic growth in 48 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1995 to 2017. The findings using the Generalised Method of Moments (sys-GMM) technique show that inclusive financial access contributes to reducing inequality in the short run, contrary to the Kuznets curve. The result reveals a negative effect of financial access on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth. There is a positive net effect of inclusive financial access in moderating the impact of income inequality on economic growth. Given the need to achieve the Sustainable Development Targets in the sub-region, policymakers and other stakeholders of the economy must design policies and programmes that would enhance access to financial services as an essential mechanism to reduce income disparity and enhance sustainable economic growth.

Banking technology and cashless economy in selected Sub-Saharan African countries: does education matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ese Urhie ◽  
Ogechi Chiagozie Amonu ◽  
Chiderah Mbah ◽  
Olabanji Olukayode Ewetan ◽  
Oluwatoyin Augustina Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to analyze the effect of banking technology [automated teller machine (ATM) and mobile cellular devices (MOBs)] and other traditional factors on the level of currency in circulation for a sample of 21 selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. It also assessed the mitigating effect of education on the relationship between banking technology and the cashless economy. Design/methodology/approach The study used a panel data approach to design a cashless economy model with banking technology – ATM and MOBs – as well as their interaction with education as regressors. Findings This study finds that MOB is significant for promoting a cashless economy, whereas ATM is insignificant in sample SSA countries. The level of education and the number of bank branches were also found to be significant in promoting a cashless economy. The interaction between education and ATM was insignificant but negatively signed, whereas that between education and MOB was significant but had a positive sign. Research limitations/implications Non-availability of data restricted this work to a panel study of selected SSA countries. Subsequent studies should consider single-country case studies. Practical implications Findings from the study imply that for banking technology to drive a cashless economy effectively, education has to be improved. Originality/value The ratio of cash in circulation to total money supply was used as a measure of the cashless economy. The study also evaluated the moderating effect of education on banking technology.

scholarly journals Welfare and the depth of informality: Evidence from five African countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Egger ◽  
Cecilia Poggi ◽  
Héctor Rufrancos
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Household Head ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between household poverty and depth of informality by proposing a new measure of informality at the household level. It is defined as the share of activities (hours worked or income earned) without social insurance for wage workers in the household. We apply cross-sectional regressions to five urban sub-Saharan African countries, showing that a household head informality dummy obscures a non-linear relationship between the depth of household informality and welfare outcomes. In some countries, a small share of income from formal jobs is associated with at least the same welfare as a fully formal portfolio. By assessing transitions between household portfolios with panel data for urban Nigeria, we also show that most welfare differences are explained by selection and that movements in and out of formality cannot sufficiently change welfare trajectories. The results call for better inclusion of informal profiles to social insurance programmes.

Fighting Income Inequality in Nigeria and Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan

The chapter examines the income inequality and social exclusion in Nigeria. The gap between the haves and have-nots has become an issue of concern in Nigeria. This chapter, therefore, seeks to examine a methodical approach for measuring inequality in Nigeria; Nigeria's ranking in human development index (between 1990 and 2017); trends in inequality, poverty, unemployment, and life expectancy from 1980 to 2017; and the income inequality in Nigeria relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries along with sex disaggregated HDI relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries and the implications to social policy reforms.

scholarly journals Constructing a measure of health literacy in Sub-Saharan African countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-915
Author(s):  
Heather F McClintock ◽  
Julia M Alber ◽  
Sarah J Schrauben ◽  
Carmella M Mazzola ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Health Literacy

Abstract We sought to develop and evaluate a health literacy measure in a multi-national study and to examine demographic characteristics associated with health literacy. Data were obtained from Demographic Health Surveys conducted between 2006–15 in 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Surveys were the same in all countries but translated to local languages as appropriate. We identified eight questions that corresponded to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) definition of health literacy. Factor analysis was used to extract one measure of health literacy. Logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and health literacy. A total of 224 751 individuals between the ages of 15 and 49 years were included. The derived health literacy measure demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.72) and good content validity. The prevalence of high health literacy overall was 35.77%; females 34.08% and males 39.17%; less than or equal to primary education 8.93%, some secondary education 69.40% and ≥complete secondary 84.35%. High health literacy varied across nations, from 8.51% in Niger to 63.89% in Namibia. This is the first known study to evaluate a measure of health literacy relying on the NAM definition utilizing a large sample from 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study derived a robust indicator of NAM-defined health literacy. This indicator could be used to examine determinants and outcomes of health literacy in additional countries.

Proximity and Power Factors in Western Coverage of the Sub-Saharan AIDS Crisis

2003 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Alley Swain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Aids Crisis ◽  
World Report ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This content analysis explores the relationship between proximity/power status factors and news coverage of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa in the elite press of the United States and Britain. Coverage from six publications— Time, Newsweek, U.S. News & World Report, The Economist, New York Times, and London Times—was compared with reported AIDS incidence in the hardest-hit African countries over two decades. AIDS coverage was related to year of publication, country of origin, and former colony status. Strongest predictors of coverage included military spending, scientific research, GDP, GNP, population, government type, and number of highways. Proximity and power status factors may mediate the flow of capital (information, money, and goods) between dominant and dependent nations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Public Debt Burden and Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmawati Said ◽  
Abdullahi Sani Morai
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The historically lower level of public health expenditure of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries could be partly explained by the mounting debt burden of this region. This consumes a sizable proportion of their domestic resources to debt servicing and potentially decreases their overall budgetary allocations to various sectors in the economy and health expenditure in particular. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach on a sample of 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we examined the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure highlighting the role of institutional quality for the period 2000 – 2014. The empirical result confirms that the relationship between public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is negative. Interestingly, however, the marginal effect of the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure has shown that such a negative relationship turns out to be positive when the quality of the institutions is at maximum. This suggests that the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is a function of institutional quality.  Therefore, to minimize the negative impact of public debt on health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should take determine stand to minimize its debt accumulation and intensify efforts toward the improvement of institutional quality in the region comprehensively.

scholarly journals Deconstructing the Impact of Entrepreneurship on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Jimoh S. Ogede
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The study examines the impacts of entrepreneurship on income inequality in a panel of 29 Sub-Saharan African countries spanning from 2004 to 2020. The paper employs a dynamic heterogeneous panel approach to differentiate between long-run and short-run impacts of entrepreneurship on income inequality. The findings establish a robust and direct nexus between entrepreneurial activities and income disparity. The results of the two entrepreneurial indicators are stable. Besides, the coefficient of the human capital is positive in the regression and statistically significant at a 5 percent significance level. The proxies for macroeconomic factors exhibit diverse signs and impact, which suggest a policy stimulus aimed at refining macroeconomic situations and also ignite prospects for households to increase their incomes.

scholarly journals Economic complexity to boost the selected sub-Saharan African economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thobeka Ncanywa ◽  
Itumeleng P. Mongale ◽  
Ombeswa Ralarala ◽  
Thabiso E. Letsoalo ◽  
Brian S. Molele
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
African Context ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: Economic complexity is a measure of productive capabilities indirectly by looking at the mix of sophisticated products that countries export. The economic complexity index proposed a proxy for diversity and ubiquity of products in the export basket.Research purpose: This study seeks to determine if economic complexity can influence the inequality measured by the Gini index in some selected sub-Saharan African countries.Motivation for the study: The need for the study emanates from the notion that that economic complexity can reduce income inequality hence it is imperative to investigate this relationship in the sub-Saharan African region where most countries produce few sophisticated goods that are also labour-intensive. Inadequate literature within the African continent has also contributed to the formulation of this study.Research approach/design and method: This study employed the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model to analyze a panel data set, which includes eight sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1994–2017.Main findings: We found that economic complexity can reduce income disparities.Practical/managerial implications: Sub-Saharan African countries should shift their productive capabilities and resources from primary to sophisticated products in the manufacturing and services sector to increase economic complexity and reduce inequality.Contribution/value-add: The study makes an important contribution to the debate about the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality in the sub-Saharan African context and it is envisaged that it will inform the actions of the decision-makers to drive future productivity and prosperity in the region.

scholarly journals Copula geoadditive modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Roberts ◽  
Temesgen Zewotir
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Dependency Structure ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Anaemia and malaria are the leading causes of sub-Saharan African childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between anaemia and malaria in young children across the districts or counties of four contiguous sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, while accounting for the effects of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Geospatial maps were constructed to visualise the relationship between the two responses across the districts of the countries. Methods A joint bivariate copula regression model was used, which estimates the correlation between the two responses conditional on the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of the explanatory variables considered. The copula framework allows the dependency structure between the responses to be isolated from their marginal distributions. The association between the two responses was set to vary according to the district of residence across the four countries. Results The study revealed a positive association between anaemia and malaria throughout the districts, the strength of which varied across the districts of the four countries. Due to this heterogeneous association between anaemia and malaria, we further considered the joint probability of each combination of outcome of anaemia and malaria to further reveal more about the relationship between the responses. A considerable number of districts had a high joint probability of a child being anaemic but not having malaria. This might suggest the existence of other significant drivers of childhood anaemia in these districts. Conclusions This study presents an alternative technique to joint modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children which assists in understanding more about their relationship compared to techniques of multivariate modelling. The approach used in this study can aid in visualising the relationship through mapping of their correlation and joint probabilities. These maps produced can then help policy makers target the correct set of interventions, or prevent the use of incorrect interventions, particularly for childhood anaemia, the causes of which are multiple and complex.

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