A novel method for investigating the importance of visual feedback on somatosensation and bodily-self perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Mikkel Thøgersen ◽  
John Hansen ◽  
Herta Flor ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Laura Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractAimsVisual feedback is hypothesized to play an important role in the phantom limb condition. In this study we attempt to create an illusory experimental model of phantom limb wherein this condition is simulated by removing the visual input from the upper limb in a group of intact participants. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of visual feedback on somatosensation, nociception and bodily-self perception.MethodsUsing a novel mixed reality (MR) system, the visual feedback of the left hand is removed in order to visually simulate a left hand amputation on 30 healthy participants (15 females). Using a within-subject design, three conditions are created: visual amputation condition (MR with no visual input); visual condition (MR with normal vision); and a baseline condition (no MR). Thermal detection and nociceptive thresholds using method of limits are measured. Proprioception of the visually amputated hand is investigated by probing the felt hand position on a proximal-distal axis from the body. Using a questionnaire the effects of the missing visual feedback on bodily self is assessed.ResultsThere was a clear drift in proprioception of the left hand in the proximal direction between the control and visual amputation condition (p <0.001). A decrease in cold detection was also significant between the control and visual amputation condition (p < 0.001). Finally, questions on perceptual experiences indicated that the observed proprioceptive retraction of the visually amputated hand was also felt by the participants.ConclusionsMissing visual feedback greatly influences the perception of the visually amputated arm underlining the importance of visual feedback. The observed proprioceptive retraction of the hand resembles the telescoping perceptions often reported by phantom limb patients. The novel method developed for this study, is a new tool to investigate the influence of visual feedback on the relationship of bodily-self and chronic pain.

scholarly journals Attention and awareness: Representation of visuomotor space in split-brain patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Dosso ◽  
Romeo Chua ◽  
Daniel J. Weeks ◽  
David J. Turk ◽  
Alan Kingstone
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Visual Access ◽  
Contralateral Hand

Each cerebral hemisphere primarily controls and receives sensory input with regard to the contralateral hand. In the disconnected brain (split-brain), when the hands are uncrossed, direct visual access to each hand is available to the controlling (contralateral) hemisphere. However, when a hand crosses the midline, visual and tactile information regarding the hand are presented to different hemispheres. It is unknown how a contralateral hemi- sphere codes the position and orientation of a visually inaccessible hand in the discon- nected brain. The present work addresses this issue. We ask how each hemisphere represents “its” hand across hand positions that span the midline in the absence of cortical input from the contralateral hemisphere. In other words, when a hand is placed across the midline and is visually inaccessible, is it represented by the controlling hemisphere: (1) in accordance with its new position with respect to the body (e.g., a left hand “becomes” a right effector when it crosses the midline), (2) with left/right position information unal- tered (e.g., the left hand is represented as “left” regardless of its location), or (3) stripped of its location information altogether? The relationship between hand position and the spatial codes assigned to potential responses (an index of hand representation) was investigated in two split-brain patients using direct (Experiment 1) and orthogonal (Experiment 2) S-R compatibility paradigms. S-R compatibility effects in split-brain patients were consistent with those displayed by typical individuals. These findings suggest that position-based compatibility effects do not rely on cross-cortical connections. Rather, each hemisphere can accurately represent the full visuomotor space, a process that appears to be subserved by subcortical connections between the hemispheres.

S–R Compatibilities Depend on Eccentricity of Responding Hand

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire F. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Midline ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Action System ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Bauer and Miller (1982) demonstrated that when responding on the body midline with the right hand, subjects react faster when the pairing between horizontally oriented stimuli (an X to the left or right of fixation) and vertically oriented responses (an up or down finger movement) is left–down, right–up (“anti-clockwise”) but when responding with the left hand, the converse pairing was faster. The present experiments tested whether those preferences held for responses other than on the body midline. Unimanual reaction times for clockwise and anti-clockwise S–R pairings were determined for both hands at the midline and 30 and 60 cm to the left or right. Hand position determined both the direction and extent of the compatibility preference; at eccentric positions the right hand preferred clockwise pairings and the left anticlockwise, the converse of that found by Bauer and Miller. The results extend Bauer and Miller's finding, raise problems for theories of S–R compatibility, and further reveal that the state of the action system “sets up” perception.

scholarly journals Eye-hand coordination during online reach corrections is task-dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk J. de Brouwer ◽  
Miriam Spering
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Visual Characteristics

AbstractTo maintain accurate movements, the motor system needs to deal with errors that can occur due to inherent noise, changes in the body, or disturbances in the environment. Here, we investigated the temporal coordination of rapid corrections of the eye and hand in response to a change in visual target location during the movement. In addition to a ‘classic’ double-step task in which the target stepped to a new position, participants performed a set of modified double-step tasks in which the change in movement goal was indicated by the appearance of an additional target, or by a spatial or symbolic cue. We found that both the absolute correction latencies of the eye and hand and the relative eye-hand correction latencies were dependent on the visual characteristics of the target change, with increasingly longer latencies in tasks that required more visual and cognitive processing. Typically, the hand started correcting slightly earlier than the eye, especially when the target change was indicated by a symbolic cue, and in conditions where visual feedback of the hand position was provided during the reach. Our results indicate that the oculomotor and limb-motor system can be differentially influenced by processing requirements of the task and emphasize that temporal eye-hand coordination is flexible rather than rigid.

There Is No Such Thing as Sound Production, or Sound=Release – The Importance of Natural Movement and Its Teaching in Violin Playing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ittzés
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
General Rule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Natural Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Violin Playing ◽  
The Relationship

This study details an approach which, in a certain respect, simplifies violin playing and teaching in the extreme. Creating a sound is based on a very simple rule: the sound = release. Release is preceded by tension, which is released with the sounding of the note. This is true on every level, in every direction. This general rule (or view) helps to make violin playing, the sounds created relaxed, natural and beautiful. The study shows step by step, how the necessary active tension comes into being and then how it is released, how and in what forms performers can use gravity. The main elements of this process are the posture of the body and the instrument, the movements of the arms and the joints (shoulder/armpit/upper arm. elbow/lower arm, wrist/back of the hand/palm and fingers) in their natural direction, the positions of the left hand, touch and vibrato, the relationship of the bow to the string, the use of bowing positions and right bow division, and strokes. Without the appropriate teaching of these no mechanism can be established and because of these deficiencies many a talent has been lost unable to even approach their own boundaries and unable to ever become a professional player. Keywords: sound production, release, natural mechanism, freedom, gravitation, violin

scholarly journals Improvement of Phantom Pain by the Bioresonance Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Imanzade ◽  
Ahmad Shafaeizadeh ◽  
Mosoomeh Dadpay ◽  
Hamidreza Taheri Yegane ◽  
Hamid Keshvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Bioresonance Therapy

Introduction: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a sensation caused by missing an organ in the body, which can be due to amputation. The prevalence of PLP due to amputation is about 82% for upper limbs and 54% for lower limbs. Case Presentation: This research describes the case of a 71-year-old female patient who developed PLP after having three middle fingers on her left hand amputated due to dipping in a meat grinder. She underwent bioresonance therapy for PLP treatment for 19 months and achieved positive results. Conclusions: Regarding the role of PLP in the patients undergoing amputation, bioresonance therapy might be beneficial in managing this condition.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MASS OF THE BODY, FISHERY LENGTH AND THE FISH – PRODUCTIVITY OF ONE-YEARS OF PIKEPERCH BY THE BREEDING THEM IN PONDS FOR CARPS

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Saya K. Koyshibaeva ◽  
◽  
Shokhan A. Alpeyisov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Fedorov ◽  
Nina S. Badryzlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fish Productivity

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

Self-Perception of Voice and Swallowing Handicap in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alice K. Silbergleit ◽  
Lonni Schultz ◽  
Kendra Hamilton ◽  
Peter A. LeWitt ◽  
Christos Sidiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Dysphagia Handicap Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypokinetic dysarthria and dysphagia are known features of Parkinson’s disease; however, self-perception of their handicapping effects on emotional, physical, and functional aspects of quality of life over disease duration is less understood. Objective: 1) Based upon patient self-perception, to determine the relationship of the handicapping effects of dysphagia and dysphonia with time since diagnosis in individuals with Parkinson’s disease; 2)To determine if there is a relationship between voice and swallowing handicap throughout the course of Parkinson’s disease. Method: 277 subjects completed the Dysphagia Handicap Index and the Voice Handicap Index. Subjects were divided into three groups based on disease duration: 0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10 + years. Results: Subjects in the longer duration group identified significantly greater perceptions of voice and swallowing handicap compared to the shorter duration groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the DHI and VHI. Conclusion: Self-perception of swallowing and voice handicap in Parkinson’s disease are associated with later stages of disease and progress in a linear fashion. Self-perception of voice and swallowing handicap parallel each other throughout disease progression in Parkinson’s disease. Individuals may be able to compensate for changes in voice and swallowing early while sensory perceptual feedback is intact. Results support early targeted questioning of patient self-perception of voice and swallowing handicap as identification of one problem indicates awareness of the other, thus creating an opportunity for early treatment and maintenance of swallowing and communication quality of life for as long as possible.

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