The relationship between lack of control and illusory pattern perception among at-risk gamblers and at-risk cannabis users

Previous research has provided evidence for a relationship between illusory pattern perception and irrational beliefs. A common assumption is illusory pattern perception increases with an increasing feeling of lack of control. Delusion-like experiences include some of the behaviors related to irrational beliefs. Since no direct association between DLE and illusory pattern perception has been established, in this study we investigated the relationship between delusion-like experiences and illusory pattern perception for images with visual noise in a condition in which the participants were manipulated to lack control while controlling for another assumption which is jumping to conclusions bias on a bead task is predicted by delusion-like experiences. Results showed participants with delusion-like experiences produced more illusory pattern perception and false positive recognition for visually ambiguous stimuli. Participants who were manipulated to lack control produced more false positive recognition than the control group. A high level of delusion-like experiences predisposes vulnerability for increasing pattern seeking behavior under lack of control manipulation.

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The Democratic Costs of Constitutionalization— The European Case

10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dieter Grimm

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Fundamental Rights ◽

European Law ◽

European Court ◽

Political Implications ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

This chapter examines the democratic costs of constitutionalization by focusing on the European case. It first considers the interdependence of democracy and constitutionalism before discussing how constitutionalization can put democracy at risk. It then explores the tension between democracy and fundamental rights, the constitutionalization of the European treaties, and the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) two separate judgments regarding the relationship between European law and national law. It also assesses the impact of the ECJ’s jurisprudence on democracy, especially in the area of economic integration. The chapter argues that the legitimacy problem the EU faces is caused in part by over-constitutionalization and that the remedy to this problem is re-politicization of decisions with significant political implications.

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The relationship of lower body strength and functioning with trajectories of stair use frequency over 6 years in adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S283-S284

Author(s):

J.T. Jakiela ◽

D. Voinier ◽

T. Bye ◽

M. Tukis ◽

J. Corey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Lower Body ◽

Body Strength ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Stair Use ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-021-01621-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toru Shirahata ◽

Hideaki Sato ◽

Sanehiro Yogi ◽

Kaiji Inoue ◽

Mamoru Niitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Rectus Abdominis ◽

Activity Level ◽

Erector Spinae ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Muscle Area ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

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The mediating role of joint attention in the relationship between motor skills and receptive and expressive language in siblings at risk for autism spectrum disorder

Infant Behavior and Development ◽

10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 101377

Author(s):

E. Bruyneel ◽

E. Demurie ◽

P. Warreyn ◽

H. Roeyers

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

At Risk ◽

Joint Attention ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

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Cycle length of nonsustanied ventricular tachycardias among ICD patients: implications on subsequent appropriate therapies

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02087-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javier Jiménez-Candil ◽

Olga Duran ◽

Armando Oterino ◽

Jendri Pérez ◽

Juan Carlos Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Beta Blocker ◽

Cycle Length ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Appropriate Therapy ◽

The Mean ◽

Ventricular Tachycardias ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background ICD patients with episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVT) are at risk of appropriate therapies. However, the relationship between the cycle length (CL) of such NSVTs and the subsequent incidence of appropriate interventions is unknown. Methods 416 ICD patients with LVEF < 45% were studied. ICD programming was standardized. NSVT was defined as any VT of 5 or more beats at ≥ 150 bpm occurred in the first 6 months after implantation that terminated spontaneously and was not preceded by any appropriate therapy. The mean follow-up was 41 ± 27 months. Results We analyzed 2201 NSVTs (mean CL = 323 ms) that occurred in 250 patients; 111 of such episodes were fast (CL ≤ 300 ms). Secondary prevention (HR = 1.7; p < 0.001), number of NSVT episodes (HR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.04–1.07; p < 0.001) and beta-blocker treatment (HR = 0.7; p = 0.04) were independent predictors of appropriate interventions; however, the mean CL of NSVTs was not (p = 0.6). There was a correlation between the mean CL of NSVTs and the CL of the first monomorphic VT: r = 0.88; p < 0.001. This correlation was especially robust in individuals with > 5 NSVTs (r = 0.97; p < 0.001), with an agreement between both values greater than 95%. Patients with any fast NSVT experienced a higher incidence of VF episodes (26%) compared to those without NVSTs (3%) or with only slow NSVTs (7%); p < 0.001. Conclusions Unlike the burden, the CL of NSVTs is not a predictor of subsequent appropriate interventions. However, there is a close relationship between the CL of NSVTs and that of arrhythmias that will later lead to appropriate therapies.

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Poster #M155 MEDIATION MODELS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND DEPRESSIVENESS IN PATIENTS AT-RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS AND IN HELP-SEEKING CONTROLS

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70705-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. S246

Author(s):

Stefanie J. Schmidt ◽

Stephan Ruhrmann ◽

Benno G. Schimmelmann ◽

Joachim Klosterkötter ◽

Frauke Schultze-Lutter

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mediation Models

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A controlled family study of late-onset non-affective psychosis (late paraphrenia)

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.170.6.511 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 170 (6) ◽

pp. 511-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

R. J. Howard ◽

C. Graham ◽

P. Sham ◽

J. Dennehey ◽

D. J. Castle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Late Onset ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Late Life ◽

Lifetime Risk ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between those schizophrenia-like conditions that have their onset in late life and early-onset schizophrenia is unclear. Very few family history studies of patients with late-onset psychosis have been reported, and it is not known whether their relatives have an increased risk of psychosis.MethodInformation was collected on the psychiatric morbidity of 269 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder with an onset after the age of 60 (late paraphrenia), and 272 first-degree relatives of healthy elderly control subjects, using a research diagnostic instrument.ResultsWith a narrow age range (15–50 years) at risk, the estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 1.3% in the relatives of both cases and controls. With a wider age range (15–90 years) at risk, estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 2.3% for the relatives of cases, and 2.2% for the relatives of controls. However, depression was significantly more common among the relatives of cases than controls.ConclusionThose schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset in late life are not genetically associated with schizophrenia.

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Lighthouse Parenting Programme: Description and pilot evaluation of mentalization-based treatment to address child maltreatment

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104518807741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 680-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gerry Byrne ◽

Michelle Sleed ◽

Nick Midgley ◽

Pasco Fearon ◽

Clare Mein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Child Development ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Parenting Intervention ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Parenting Programme ◽

Parenting Confidence ◽

Inner World ◽

The Relationship

This article introduces an innovative mentalization-based treatment (MBT) parenting intervention for families where children are at risk of maltreatment. The Lighthouse MBT Parenting Programme aims to prevent child maltreatment by promoting sensitive caregiving in parents. The programme is designed to enhance parents’ capacity for curiosity about their child’s inner world, to help parents ‘see’ (understand) their children clearly, to make sense of misunderstandings in their relationship with their child and to help parents inhibit harmful responses in those moments of misunderstanding and to repair the relationship when harmed. The programme is an adaptation of MBT for borderline and antisocial personality disorders, with a particular focus on attachment and child development. Its strength is in engaging hard to reach parents, who typically do not benefit from parenting programmes. The findings of the pilot evaluation suggest that the programme may be effective in improving parenting confidence and sensitivity and that parents valued the programme and the changes it had helped them to bring about.

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