A controlled family study of late-onset non-affective psychosis (late paraphrenia)

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howard ◽  
C. Graham ◽  
P. Sham ◽  
J. Dennehey ◽  
D. J. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between those schizophrenia-like conditions that have their onset in late life and early-onset schizophrenia is unclear. Very few family history studies of patients with late-onset psychosis have been reported, and it is not known whether their relatives have an increased risk of psychosis.MethodInformation was collected on the psychiatric morbidity of 269 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder with an onset after the age of 60 (late paraphrenia), and 272 first-degree relatives of healthy elderly control subjects, using a research diagnostic instrument.ResultsWith a narrow age range (15–50 years) at risk, the estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 1.3% in the relatives of both cases and controls. With a wider age range (15–90 years) at risk, estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 2.3% for the relatives of cases, and 2.2% for the relatives of controls. However, depression was significantly more common among the relatives of cases than controls.ConclusionThose schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset in late life are not genetically associated with schizophrenia.

Age at Onset, Sex, and Familial Psychiatric Morbidity in Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak Chung Sham ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Ailsa Russell ◽  
Karyna Gilvarry ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Research Diagnostic Criteria

BackgroundAlthough a genetic component in schizophrenia is well established, it is likely that the contribution of genetic factors is not constant for all cases. Several recent studies have found that the relatives of female or early onset schizophrenic patients have an increased risk of schizophrenia, compared to relatives of male or late onset cases. These hypotheses are tested in the current study.MethodA family study design was employed; the probands were 195 patients with functional psychosis admitted to three south London hospitals, diagnosed using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and assessed using the Present State Examination (PSE). Information on their relatives was obtained by personal interview of the mother of the proband, and from medical records. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using Family History – Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC), blind to proband information.ResultsThere was a tendency for homotypia in the form of psychosis within families. The lifetime risk of schizophrenia in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic probands, and the risk of bipolar disorder in the first degree relatives of bipolar probands, were 5–10 times higher than reported population risks. Relatives of female and early onset (<22 years) schizophrenic probands had higher risk of schizophrenia than relatives of male and late onset schizophrenic probands. However, this effect was compensated in part by an excess of non-schizophrenic psychoses in the relatives of male probands.ConclusionsThese results suggest a high familial, possibly genetic, loading in female and early onset schizophrenia, but do not resolve the question of heterogeneity within schizophrenia.

Both low birthweight and high birthweight are associated with cognitive impairment in persons with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Torniainen ◽  
A. Wegelius ◽  
A. Tuulio-Henriksson ◽  
J. Lönnqvist ◽  
J. Suvisaari
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundBoth low birthweight and high birthweight have been associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia and cognitive impairments in the general population. We assessed the association between birthweight and cognitive performance in persons with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives.MethodWe investigated a population-based family sample comprising persons with schizophrenia (n = 142) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 277). Both patients and relatives were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV) and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered. Information on birthweight was obtained from obstetric records. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to investigate the effect of birthweight, as a continuous variable, on cognitive functioning, adjusting for within-family correlation and relevant covariates.ResultsBoth low birthweight and high birthweight were associated with lower performance in visuospatial reasoning, processing speed, set-shifting and verbal and visual working memory among persons with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives compared to individuals with birthweight in the intermediate range. The group × birthweight interactions were non-significant.ConclusionsBoth low birthweight and high birthweight are associated with deficits in cognition later in life. Schizophrenia does not seem to modify the relationship between birthweight and cognition in families with schizophrenia.

Role of vitamin D and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the development of early- and late-onset preeclampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Belén Prieto ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Ruano ◽  
Ana I. Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plgf Ratio

AbstractThe imbalanced production of placental biomarkers and vitamin D deficiency have been proposed as risk factors for the development of preeclampsia (PE). However, little is known about the relationship between them and their role in early- versus late-onset PE. The objectives were to assess the role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio in the development of early- and late-onset PE; and to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and the biomarkers.A retrospective, full-blinded cohort study was conducted at the Obstetric Emergency Service of a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant women (n=257) attending obstetric triage with suspicion of PE were included. sFlt-1, PlGF and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by electrochemoluminescence (ECLIA) immunoassay and pregnancy outcome (development of PE) was registered from patients records.PE women showed lower 25(OH)D concentrations at clinical presentation than non-PE women (median: 35.0 nmol/L and 39.6 nmol/L, respectively; p=0.027). Women with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L experienced an increased risk of developing late-onset PE [odds ratio (OR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–15], but no association was found for early-onset PE. However, a sFlt-1/PlGF ratio above the corresponding cutpoints increased the risk of developing both early- and late-onset PE [ORs 58 (95% CI 11–312) and 12 (95% CI 5.0–27), respectively]. No association was found between 25(OH)D levels and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.Low vitamin D status in women with suspected late-onset PE increases the risk of imminent development of the disease.

scholarly journals Symptoms in first-degree relatives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation of cross-sectional data from the symptoms in persons at risk of rheumatoid arthritis (SPARRA) questionnaire in the PRe-clinical EValuation of Novel Targets in RA (PREVeNT-RA) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Costello ◽  
J. H. Humphreys ◽  
J. C. Sergeant ◽  
M. Haris ◽  
F. Stirling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Small Joint

Abstract Background First-degree relatives (FDRs) of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a fourfold increased risk of developing RA. The Symptoms in Persons At Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis (SPARRA) questionnaire was developed to document symptoms in persons at risk of RA. The aims of this study were (1) to describe symptoms in a cohort of FDRs of patients with RA overall and stratified by seropositivity and elevated CRP and (2) to determine if patient characteristics were associated with symptoms suggestive of RA. Methods A cross-sectional study of FDRs of patients with RA, in the PREVeNT-RA study, who completed a study questionnaire, provided a blood sample measured for rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP and CRP and completed the SPARRA questionnaire. Moderate/severe symptoms and symmetrical, small and large joint pain were identified and described. Symptoms associated with both seropositivity and elevated CRP were considered suggestive of RA. Logistic regression was used to determine if symptoms suggestive of RA were associated with patient characteristics. Results Eight hundred seventy participants provided all data, 43 (5%) were seropositive and 122 (14%) had elevated CRP. The most frequently reported symptoms were sleep disturbances (20.3%) and joint pain (17.9%). Symmetrical and small joint pain were 11.3% and 12.8% higher, respectively, in those who were seropositive and 11.5% and 10.7% higher in those with elevated CRP. In the logistic regression model, seropositivity, older age and feeling depressed were associated with increased odds of small and symmetrical joint pain. Conclusions This is the first time the SPARRA questionnaire has been applied in FDRs of patients with RA and has demonstrated that the presence of symmetrical and small joint pain in this group may be useful in identifying people at higher risk of developing RA.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Pre-miR-3131 3-bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Susceptibility and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Breast Cancer

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Mahsa Azizi ◽  
Nahid Rahimi ◽  
Gholamreza Bahari ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Hashemi ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Aims: This study aimed at examining the effect of 3-bp pre-miR-3131 insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism on Breast Cancer (BC) risk. Objectives: Totally 403 women including 199 BC patients and 204 women who have no cancer were included in this case-control study. Genotyping of miR-3131 3-bp ins/del polymorphism was performed by mismatch PCR-RFLP method. Methods: The findings expressed that the pre-miR-3131 3-bp ins/del variant was not related to the risk of BC in all genetic tested models. While, the ins/del genotype was related to late onset BC (OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.27-4.84, p=0.008). Results: Pooled results from the meta-analysis indicated to that the pre-miR-3131 ins/del is related to with an increased risk of cancer in heterozygous (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.06-1.51, p=0.01), dominant (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.14-1.54, p=0.0002), and allele (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06-1.45, p=0.006) genetics models. Conclusion: It is concluded that, our findings did not support a relationship between pre-miR-3131 ins/del polymorphism and the risk of BC. While, this variant was significantly related to late onset BC. Combined results of this study with previous studies indicated that this polymorphism increased the risk of cancer. More studies in a study with larger population with variety of ethnicities are required to verify our findings.

scholarly journals I CAN'T SLEEP IN MY BED: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP AND LATE-LIFE HOARDING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S44-S45
Author(s):  
Eliza J Davidson ◽  
Mary E Dozier ◽  
Michael Nadorff ◽  
Catherine R Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Hoarding disorder in late life has been associated with increased risk for medical conditions and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living in the home; however, no studies have yet examined the relationship between geriatric hoarding and sleep. This study represents a secondary data analysis of older adults who received 26 sessions of group behavioral treatment for hoarding disorder (n = 41; mean age 64, range 55-85). Baseline sleep disturbance was significantly associated with hoarding severity, even when controlling for inability to sleep in a bed due to household clutter level. However, no significant change in sleep disturbance was reported following completion of treatment and baseline sleep disturbance was not significantly predictive of change in hoarding symptom severity. Findings suggest that disturbed sleep quality is associated with greater hoarding symptom severity but does not preclude positive symptom change in treatment.

scholarly journals The relationship between problem gambling and substance use among American adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Loredana A. Marchica ◽  
Tina Giordano ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey L Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by increased engagement in risky behaviors, including substance use and gambling. Previous research has consistently shown an increased risk of problem gambling among people with substance use disorders, however few studies have addressed the differences in problem gambling across the various substance types. Using data from the 2018 Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center Survey on Alcohol and Other Drug Use among junior high and high school adolescents in Wood County, Ohio, this study sought to understand the relationship and comorbidity levels between various substances used and problem gambling among American adolescents. Further, the current study aimed to test the effects of substance use on the likelihood of being identified as a problem gambler. Results indicated that individuals at-risk or reporting gambling problems were significantly more likely to regularly smoke marijuana, ingest painkillers, consume alcohol, and engage in binge drinking. Additionally, adolescents who regularly consumed alcohol or painkillers were twice as likely to be identified as being at-risk for a gambling problem. This study sheds light on the importance of assessing for comorbid addictive disorders in order to optimize treatment options for adolescents.

scholarly journals Late-Onset Epilepsy and Occult Cerebrovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna M Gibson ◽  
Martha F Hanby ◽  
Sarah M Al-Bachari ◽  
Laura M Parkes ◽  
Stuart M Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Relationship

The interface between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and epilepsy is complex and multifaceted. Late-onset epilepsy (LOE) is increasingly common and is often attributed to CVD, and is indeed associated with an increased risk of stroke. This relationship is easily recognizable where there is a history of stroke, particularly involving the cerebral cortex. However, the relationship with otherwise occult, subcortical CVD is currently less well established yet causality is often invoked. In this review, we consider the diagnosis of LOE in clinical practice—including its behaviour as a potential mimic of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack; evidence for an association between occult CVD and LOE; and potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis in occult CVD, including potential interrelationships between disordered cerebral metabolism and perfusion, disrupted neurovascular unit integrity, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and inflammation. We also discuss recently recognized issues concerning antiepileptic drug treatment and vascular risk and consider a variety of less common CVD entities associated with seizures.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13–15 years: results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boys ◽  
M. Farrell ◽  
C. Taylor ◽  
J. Marsden ◽  
R. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPsychoactive substance use is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity in both adults and adolescents.AimsTo determine which of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis is most closely linked to psychiatric disorders in early adolescence.MethodData from 2624 adolescents aged 13–15 years were drawn from a national mental health survey of children. The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and smoking, drinking and cannabis use was examined by logistic regression analyses.ResultsHaving a psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased risk of substance use. Greater involvement with any one substance increased the risk of other substance use. Analyses of the interactions between smoking, drinking and cannabis use indicated that the relationship between substance use and psychiatric morbidity was primarily explained by regular smoking and (to a lesser extent) regular cannabis use.ConclusionsIn this sample, links between substance use and psychiatric disorders were primarily accounted for by smoking. The strong relationship is likely to be due to a combination of underlying individual constitutional factors and drug-specific effects resulting from consumption over the period of adolescent development and growth.

scholarly journals Late-life depression and increased risk of dementia: a longitudinal cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ly ◽  
H. T. Karim ◽  
J. T. Becker ◽  
O. L. Lopez ◽  
S. J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractLate-life depression (LLD) is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia; however, it is not known whether individuals with a history of LLD exhibit a more rapid rate of cognitive decline. We aimed to determine whether those with LLD experienced faster cognitive decline compared with never-depressed control (NDC) participants from the community and whether stratification of LLD into early-onset depression (EOD) and late-onset depression (LOD) subtypes revealed differing rates and domain-specific expression of cognitive decline. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study where 185 participants with LLD (remitted) and 114 NDC were followed for 5 years on average. EOD was defined as having first lifetime depressive episode at <60years and LOD at ≥60years. Every year, participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Composite scores for each cognitive domain were calculated through averaging standardized scores across tests. LLD compared to NDC demonstrated significant baseline impairment but did not decline more rapidly. EOD were significantly impaired in attention/processing speed and global cognitive function at baseline but did not experience more rapid decline as compared to NDC. Those with LOD compared to both NDC and EOD performed worse in all domains at baseline and experienced more rapid decline in verbal skills and delayed memory ability. Our findings suggest that baseline impairment may lower the threshold for those with LLD to develop dementia. EOD and LOD may represent distinct phenotypes of cognitive impairment with differing neural substrates. LOD may represent a distinct phenotype with a more rapid decline in verbal skills and delayed memory.

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