Multi-parametric study of the effect of materials substitution on life cycle energy use and waste generation of passenger car structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tempelman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Passenger Car

Characterizing Tourism Destination and Policies Forward: The Case in Bantayan Island, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Kafferine D. Yamagishi ◽  
Ann Myril C. Tiu ◽  
Reciel Ann B. Tanaid ◽  
Maria Esther F. Medalla ◽  
Eula Margareth Y. Jabilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Marketing Analytics ◽  
Tourism Destinations

This work reports a holistic tourism destination assessment of Bantayan Island (Philippines) using an expanded tourism area life cycle (TALC) model. The expanded TALC contains five evaluation areas: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impact, social impact, and environmental impact. Using various sources of evidence, findings suggest that Bantayan Island is positioned in the involvement stage of the TALC model. However, specific areas yield different results as the island is in the development–consolidation stage for destination characteristics, involvement–development for marketing response, involvement for economic impacts, development for social impacts, and involvement for environmental impacts. With these findings, various policy insights for destination management are offered, such as establishing carrying capacity, embracing a proactive marketing content and marketing analytics, managing resiliency of the locals and the tourism industry, integrating local culture in tourism packages, and reducing material and energy use and waste generation. These insights can be extended to other tourism destinations with similar conditions, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Framework for Standardising System Boundary Definition in Life Cycle Energy Assessments

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Hossein Omrany ◽  
Veronica Soebarto ◽  
Jian Zuo ◽  
Ruidong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This paper aims to propose a comprehensive framework for a clear description of system boundary conditions in life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) analysis in order to promote the incorporation of embodied energy impacts into building energy-efficiency regulations (BEERs). The proposed framework was developed based on an extensive review of 66 studies representing 243 case studies in over 15 countries. The framework consists of six distinctive dimensions, i.e., temporal, physical, methodological, hypothetical, spatial, and functional. These dimensions encapsulate 15 components collectively. The proposed framework possesses two key characteristics; first, its application facilitates defining the conditions of a system boundary within a transparent context. This consequently leads to increasing reliability of obtained LCEA results for decision-making purposes since any particular conditions (e.g., truncation or assumption) considered in establishing the boundaries of a system under study can be revealed. Second, the use of a framework can also provide a meaningful basis for cross comparing cases within a global context. This characteristic can further result in identifying best practices for the design of buildings with low life cycle energy use performance. Furthermore, this paper applies the proposed framework to analyse the LCEA performance of a case study in Adelaide, Australia. Thereafter, the framework is utilised to cross compare the achieved LCEA results with a case study retrieved from literature in order to demonstrate the framework’s capacity for cross comparison. The results indicate the capability of the framework for maintaining transparency in establishing a system boundary in an LCEA analysis, as well as a standardised basis for cross comparing cases. This study also offers recommendations for policy makers in the building sector to incorporate embodied energy into BEERs.

scholarly journals A scalable and spatiotemporally resolved agricultural life cycle assessment of California almonds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Marvinney ◽  
Alissa Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
California's Central Valley

Abstract Purpose California’s Central Valley produces more than 75% of global commercial almond supply, making the life cycle performance of almond production in California of global interest. This article describes the life cycle assessment of California almond production using a Scalable, Process-based, Agronomically Responsive Cropping System Life Cycle Assessment (SPARCS-LCA) model that includes crop responses to orchard management and modeling of California’s water supply and biomass energy infrastructure. Methods A spatially and temporally resolved LCA model was developed to reflect the regional climate, resource, and agronomic conditions across California’s Central Valley by hydrologic subregion (San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento Valley, and Tulare Lake regions). The model couples a LCA framework with region-specific data, including water supply infrastructure and economics, crop productivity response models, and dynamic co-product markets, to characterize the environmental performance of California almonds. Previous LCAs of California almond found that irrigation and management of co-products were most influential in determining life cycle CO2eq emissions and energy intensity of California almond production, and both have experienced extensive changes since previous studies due to drought and changing regulatory conditions, making them a focus of sensitivity and scenario analysis. Results and discussion Results using economic allocation show that 1 kg of hulled, brown-skin almond kernel at post-harvest facility gate causes 1.92 kg CO2eq (GWP100), 50.9 MJ energy use, and 4820 L freshwater use, with regional ranges of 2.0–2.69 kg CO2eq, 42.7–59.4 MJ, and 4540–5150 L, respectively. With a substitution approach for co-product allocation, 1 kg almond kernel results in 1.23 kg CO2eq, 18.05 MJ energy use, and 4804 L freshwater use, with regional ranges of 0.51–1.95 kg CO2eq, 3.68–36.5 MJ, and 4521–5140 L, respectively. Almond freshwater use is comparable with other nut crops in California and globally. Results showed significant variability across subregions. While the San Joaquin Valley performed best in most impact categories, the Tulare Lake region produced the lowest eutrophication impacts. Conclusion While CO2eq and energy intensity of almond production increased over previous estimates, so too did credits to the system for displacement of dairy feed. These changes result from a more comprehensive model scope and improved assumptions, as well as drought-related increases in groundwater depth and associated energy demand, and decreased utilization of biomass residues for energy recovery due to closure of bioenergy plants in California. The variation among different impact categories between subregions and over time highlight the need for spatially and temporally resolved agricultural LCA.

Irrigation and crop improvement in temperate and tropical environments

1986 ◽  
Vol 316 (1537) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Seasonal Signals ◽  
The Tropics

There is a strong interaction between irrigation and crop improvement, irrigation creating new opportunities and challenges for plant breeders while depending on their progress for its full benefits to be realized. In temperate environments the primary emphasis is on raising yield potential, especially as irrigation enhances the use of agrichemical inputs. Efficiency of water and energy use through the modification of physiological processes and of sensitivity to stress at various stages of the life cycle is also sought. In tropical environments, breeding for greater yield potential and more comprehensive pest and disease resistance are still important. However, shortening the length of the life cycle, reducing its sensitivity to seasonal signals and increasing yield per day may be more important than raising yield per crop because of the scope for multiple cropping made possible by irrigation in the tropics in the absence of contraints by low temperatures.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Energy Performance of Buildings: A Review of Their Life Cycle Impact

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia MIRABELLA ◽  
Martin RÖCK ◽  
Marcella Ruschi Mendes SAADE ◽  
Carolin SPIRINCKX ◽  
Marc BOSMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Operational Energy

Globally, the building sector is responsible for more than 40% of energy use and it contributes approximately 30% of the global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This high contribution stimulates research and policies to reduce the operational energy use and related GHG emissions of buildings. However, the environmental impacts of buildings can extend wide beyond the operational phase, and the portion of impacts related to the embodied energy of the building becomes relatively more important in low energy buildings. Therefore, the goal of the research is gaining insights into the environmental impacts of various building strategies for energy efficiency requirements compared to the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole building. The goal is to detect and investigate existing trade-offs in current approaches and solutions proposed by the research community. A literature review is driven by six fundamental and specific research questions (RQs), and performed based on two main tasks: (i) selection of literature studies, and (ii) critical analysis of the selected studies in line with the RQs. A final sample of 59 papers and 178 case studies has been collected, and key criteria are systematically analysed in a matrix. The study reveals that the high heterogeneity of the case studies makes it difficult to compare these in a straightforward way, but it allows to provide an overview of current methodological challenges and research gaps. Furthermore, the most complete studies provide valuable insights in the environmental benefits of the identified energy performance strategies over the building life cycle, but also shows the risk of burden shifting if only operational energy use is focused on, or when a limited number of environmental impact categories are assessed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Life Cycle Energy and Carbon Impacts for Passive Detached Accessory Dwelling Units and Their Design Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deva Siva Veylan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Accessory Dwelling Units ◽  
Passive Design ◽  
House Size

Detached accessory dwelling units are a building typology that, when built to passive design standards, can help reduce GHG emissions while addressing the socioeconomic pressures facing many housing markets. Energy performance metrics like those used in passive design standards are based on per unit of floor area and lead to a size-bias against smaller housing typologies. A life cycle assessment of cost-optimal passive house sizes ranging from 230 m² (2,500 ft²) to 30 m² (300 ft²) is performed to understand their total life cycle energy use and GHG emissions implications. Additionally, an analysis using BEopt examines operational energy use for 10 cost-optimal passive house sizes ranging from 230 m² (2,500 ft²) to 30 m² (300 ft²) across all 17 climate zones and examines how cost-optimal passive design changes with house size. The results show that per-occupant energy use and GHG emissions are similar or better for small house sizes and that cost-optimal passive design does not change significantly with house size.

Processes of waste management of disposed agricultural machinery in AIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. Gerasimov ◽  
V. Ignatov ◽  
K. Sovin ◽  
S. Buryakov
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Consumption Waste

The paper reflects the nature of the main technological measures that are carried out at specialized enterprises (sites) for processing waste disposal of self-propelled machines in the agro-industrial complex. Waste generation occurs at all stages of the life cycle. The product life cycle includes a number of stages, each of which involves the use of specific types of work, in the course of which there are production and consumption waste (hereinafter — waste). Considering the full life cycle of the machine, it should be understood that the production stage of the machine can last for a long time. But the time characteristic of making a particular machine at this stage will be equal to the time interval associated with making a particular instance of the machine.

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