Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni isolated from the lower respiratory tract of healthy feedlot cattle and those diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

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Efficacy of an extended-release tilmicosin preparation and tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease

Veterinaria México OA ◽

10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2020.4.787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Héctor Sumano ◽

José A. Valencia ◽

Marcela Viveros ◽

Graciela Tapia-Pérez ◽

Lilia Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Clinical Cure ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Histophilus Somni ◽

Before And After

A trial to evaluate the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was established with tulathromycin (Tul-group) and tilmicosin (Til-group). This latter antibacterial drug is pharmaceutically prepared for 8-10 d sustained release. The challenge was carried out with spontaneously BRD-affected bulls, divided into Til-group (ɳ=44) and Tul-group (ɳ=50). Bulls were treated only once with either antibacterial drugs. Bacteriological analysis, arterial and venous blood chemistry, gasometrical parameters, and body temperature were obtained before and after treatment. The clinical cure rate was registered on days 7, 15, and 30. No mortality was observed. Clinical cure was statistically undistinguishable on these days (P> 0.05), and in both groups, all animals were considered healthy until day 30. Only customary pathogens were isolated i.e., Mannhemia hemolytica 38.88% (70/180), Pasteurella multocida 26.11% (47/180), Histophilus somni 18.33% (33/180, and Trueperella pyogenes 16.66% (30/180).

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House Flies (Musca domestica) Pose a Risk of Carriage and Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10100358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Neupane ◽

Nayduch ◽

Zurek

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

House Flies ◽

Histophilus Somni ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Potential Reservoir

House flies are important nuisance pests in a variety of confined livestock operations. More importantly, house flies are known mechanical vectors of numerous animal and human pathogens. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important, complex illness of cattle associated with several bacteria and viruses. The role of flies in the ecology and transmission of bacterial pathogens associated with BRD is not understood. Using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, we examined the prevalence of the BRD bacterial complex Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni in house flies collected in a commercial feedlot from a pen with cattle exhibiting apparent BRD symptoms. Using both methods, M. haemolytica was detected in 11.7% of house flies, followed by P. multocida (5.0%) and H. somni (3.3%). The presence of BRD bacterial pathogens in house flies suggests that this insect plays a role in the ecology of BRD pathogens and could pose a risk as a potential reservoir and/or a vector of BRD pathogens among individual cattle and in their environment.

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Development of Bacterial Therapeutics against the Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01359-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (21) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samat Amat ◽

Edouard Timsit ◽

Danica Baines ◽

Jay Yanke ◽

Trevor W. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Animal Health ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACT Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Recent evidence suggests that commensal bacteria of the bovine nasopharynx have an important role in maintaining respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens. The objective of this study was to screen and select bacterial therapeutic candidates from the nasopharynxes of feedlot cattle to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. In a stepwise approach, bacteria (n = 300) isolated from the nasopharynxes of 100 healthy feedlot cattle were identified and initially screened (n = 178 isolates from 12 different genera) for growth inhibition of M. haemolytica. Subsequently, selected isolates were evaluated for the ability to adhere to bovine turbinate (BT) cells (n = 47), compete against M. haemolytica for BT cell adherence (n = 15), and modulate gene expression in BT cells (n = 10). Lactobacillus strains had the strongest inhibition of M. haemolytica, with 88% of the isolates (n =33) having inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 23 mm. Adherence to BT cells ranged from 3.4 to 8.0 log10 CFU per 105 BT cells. All the isolates tested in competition assays reduced M. haemolytica adherence to BT cells (32% to 78%). Among 84 bovine genes evaluated, selected isolates upregulated expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). After ranking isolates for greatest inhibition, adhesion, competition, and immunomodulation properties, 6 Lactobacillus strains from 4 different species were selected as the best candidates for further development as intranasal bacterial therapeutics to mitigate M. haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant animal health issue impacting the beef industry. Current BRD prevention strategies rely mainly on metaphylactic use of antimicrobials when cattle enter feedlots. However, a recent increase in BRD-associated bacterial pathogens that are resistant to metaphylactic antimicrobials highlights a pressing need for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Based upon previous research showing the importance of respiratory commensal bacteria in protecting against bronchopneumonia, this study aimed to develop bacterial therapeutics that could be used to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Bacteria isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy cattle were characterized for their inhibitory, adhesive, and immunomodulatory properties. In total, 6 strains were identified as having the best properties for use as intranasal therapeutics to inhibit M. haemolytica. If successful in vivo, these strains offer an alternative to metaphylactic antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle for mitigating BRD.

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Closed Genome Sequences and Antibiograms of 16 Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Cases and Apparently Healthy Controls

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00976-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregory P. Harhay ◽

Dayna M. Harhay ◽

James L. Bono ◽

Timothy P. L. Smith ◽

Sarah F. Capik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Content Type ◽

Disease Complex ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ◽

Apparently Healthy

Pasteurella multocida is an animal-associated Gram-negative member of the Pasteurellaceae family. It is an opportunistic pathogen and is one of the principal bacterial species contributing to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in feedlot cattle.

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New interpretive criteria for danofloxacin antibacterial susceptibility testing against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine respiratory disease

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638716683212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael T. Sweeney ◽

Mark G. Papich ◽

Jeffrey L. Watts

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽

Antibacterial Susceptibility

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Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Cirone ◽

Barbara Padalino ◽

Daniele Tullio ◽

Paolo Capozza ◽

Michele Losurdo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Long Distance ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Histophilus Somni ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Before And After ◽

Syncytial Virus

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

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