Feline Leishmania infection in a canine leishmaniasis endemic region, Portugal

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maia ◽  
J. Gomes ◽  
J. Cristóvão ◽  
M. Nunes ◽  
A. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region

scholarly journals Serological, molecular, and microscopic detection of Leishmania in cats (Felis catus) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Morcatti Coura ◽  
Stephanie Karoline Pereira Passos ◽  
Marina de Oliveira França Pelegrino ◽  
Fabiola de Oliveira Paes Leme ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Abstract The role of cats in the epidemiological cycle of leishmaniasis remains unclear. To better understand the occurrence of leishmaniasis in cats, we studied the frequency of Leishmania in serum samples of 100 cats living in an endemic region for canine and human leishmaniasis by serological, parasitological, and molecular methods. Of the 100 cats, 54 were seropositive for Leishmania antibodies by immunofluorescence antibody test. None of the bone marrow aspirates collected from these cats tested positive for the parasite in culture or upon polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Biopsy samples of the ears also tested negative for Leishmania upon PCR analysis. These findings may indicate that the region is endemic for canine leishmaniasis and cats are infected by Leishmania; or that cross-reaction with antibodies against other parasites increases the frequency of seropositivity; or that cats respond to Leishmania infection by producing antibodies when few or no parasites are present in bone marrow and tissue samples. Overall, our results suggest that cats can be infected by Leishmania ; however, we failed to demonstrate feline parasitosis. These findings highlight the need to study leishmaniasis in cats, since sandflies feed on cats, these animals may act as a reservoir for the parasite.

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

scholarly journals Role of Circulating Immune Complexes in the Pathogenesis of Canine Leishmaniasis: New Players in Vaccine Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Cristina Cacheiro-Llaguno ◽  
Nuria Parody ◽  
Marta R. Escutia ◽  
Jerónimo Carnés
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune

During canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), due to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), uncontrolled infection leads to a strong humoral immune response. As a consequence of the production of high antibody levels and the prolonged presence of parasite antigens, circulating immune complexes (CIC) are formed, which can be deposited in certain organs and tissues, inducing vasculitis, uveitis, dermatitis and especially glomerulonephritis and renal failure. A method to detect CIC and quantify their levels in serum samples from dogs infected with L. infantum has been recently described. It allowed demonstration of a correlation between CIC levels and disease severity. Thus, CIC measurement may be useful for diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and monitoring response to treatment. This is an interesting finding, considering that there remains an urgent need for identification of novel biomarkers to achieve a correct diagnosis and for optimal disease staging of dogs suffering from Leishmania infection. The objective of the present review is to shed light on the role of CIC in CanL, as well as to highlight their potential use not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as a valuable tool in vaccine development and new immunotherapy strategies to prevent or control disease outcome.

Leishmania infection in bats from a non-endemic region of Leishmaniasis in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 1980-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉSAR GÓMEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ELAINE C. BENTO ◽  
KARINE REZENDE-OLIVEIRA ◽  
GABRIEL A. N. NASCENTES ◽  
CECILIA G. BARBOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which can develop in domestic as well as wild animals and humans throughout the world. Currently, this disease is spreading in rural and urban areas of non-endemic regions in Brazil. Recently, bats have gained epidemiological significance in leishmaniasis due to its close relationship with human settlements. In this study, we investigated the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in blood samples from 448 bats belonging to four families representing 20 species that were captured in the Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba areas of Minas Gerais State (non-endemic areas for leishmaniasis), Brazil. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 8·0% of the blood samples, 41·6% of which were Leishmania infantum, 38·9% Leishmania amazonensis and 19·4% Leishmania braziliensis. No positive correlation was found between Leishmania spp. and bat food source. The species with more infection rates were the insectivorous bats Eumops perotis; 22·2% (4/18) of which tested positive for Leishmania DNA. The presence of Leishmania in the bat blood samples, as observed in this study, represents epidemiological importance due to the absence of Leishmaniasis cases in the region.

scholarly journals Presence of Leishmania amastigotes in peritoneal fluid of a dog with leishmaniasis from Alagoas, Northeast Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Skin Ulcer ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Node ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Intracellular Amastigotes ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Loss Of Weight

The goal of this short communication is to report the uncommon presence of intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania in peritoneal fluid of a dog with leishmaniasis from Alagoas State, Brazil. Physical examination of an adult male rottweiler suspected to be suffering of leishmaniasis revealed severe loss of weight, ascitis, splenomegaly, moderately enlarged lymph nodes, onychogryphosis, generalized alopecia, skin ulcers on the posterior limbs, and conjunctivitis. Samples of bone marrow, popliteal lymph node, skin ulcer, and peritoneal fluid were collected and smears of each sample were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Numerous amastigotes were detected in bone marrow, popliteal lymph node, and skin ulcer smears. Smears of peritoneal fluid revealed the unusual presence of several free and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania. Future studies are needed to determine whether the cytology of ascitic fluid represents a useful tool for diagnosis Leishmania infection in ascitic dogs, particularly in those living in areas where canine leishmaniasis is enzootic.

Epidemiological survey on Leishmania infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and hunting dogs sharing the same rural area in Southern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Piantedosi ◽  
Vincenzo Veneziano ◽  
Trentina Di Muccio ◽  
Valentina Foglia Manzillo ◽  
Eleonora Fiorentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

AbstractSouthern Italy, particularly Campania region, is an area where canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are endemic. The red fox (

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Real-Time PCR (TaqMan Probe and Sybr Green), Serological Techniques (ELISA, IFA and DAT) and Clinical Signs Evaluation, for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in Experimentally Infected Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
María Paz Peris ◽  
Adriana Esteban-Gil ◽  
Paula Ortega-Hernández ◽  
Mariano Morales ◽  
Nabil Halaihel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) diagnosis is not fully resolved. Currently, two specific methodologies are in continuous development, the detection of the parasite DNA or RNA in target organs and the detection of specific antibodies against Leishmania sp. For a correct diagnosis, it has been shown that the joint use of this type of test is necessary. In this work, a Sybr Green and a TaqMan Probe based on real time PCRs (qPCR) was performed for the detection of Leishmania sp. in order to correlate the results with clinicopathological and serological evaluations (IFA, ELISA and DAT) to propose an optimal biological sample to be used to detect the parasite in both early and late stages of the infection. A total of four samples were processed: conjunctival swabs, popliteal lymph node aspirates, bone marrow aspirates, and peripheral blood from experimentally infected dogs belonging to a larger study. Our results indicated that a single non-invasive sample (conjunctival swab) and the application of both types of qPCR would be reliable for determining Leishmania infection as well as the disease stage in dogs, thus avoiding bone marrow, lymph node aspirate or blood samples collection.

scholarly journals Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽  
Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva ◽  
Matheus Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

scholarly journals Applications of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of equine Leishmania sp. infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Taiane Acunha Escobar ◽  
Gabriela Döwich ◽  
Letícia Carvalho Cantele ◽  
Geórgia Camargo Góss ◽  
Marcelo Lameiro Porciúncula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic Leishmania species. In the New World, especially in Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum. The pathogen can infect several animal species including dogs, foxes, rodents, primates, felines, equines and humans. Dogs act as the primary domestic reservoirs. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Leishmania infection in horses living in a canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) endemic region. DNA samples from horse peripheral blood were used to perform PCR. Templates were amplified using primers for the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles, which were able to detect different species of Leishmania. In addition, primers for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA were used for detection of Trypanosomatidae sp. Amongst the 75 (39%) positive PCR samples from total 192 samples, 21 samples were positive for kDNA and 63 samples were positive for either ITS, ITS1, or ITS2 gene markers. The kDNA PCR and sequencing allowed the detection of L. infantum in horse blood samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of equine infection with L. infantum in Southern Brazil. These results proved that L. infantum could also infect horses in addition to humans and dogs, as well as in European countries. This conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to follow up investigation of the infection in these animals.

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