Chemicals-free approach control interface characteristics of nanofiltration membrane: feasibility and mechanism insight into CEM electrolysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 117761
Author(s):  
Jinlong Wang ◽  
Heng Liang ◽  
Xiaobin Tang ◽  
Zhendong Gan ◽  
Guibai Li
Keyword(s):  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Interface Characteristics ◽  
Insight Into

The Impacts of Touchscreen and Physical Control Interface Characteristics on Driver Distraction and Attention Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1519-1519
Author(s):  
Youngbo Suh ◽  
Thomas K. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Center Console ◽  
Physical Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Interface Characteristics ◽  
Flat Screen ◽  
Physical Elements

Breakthroughs in interface technologies has encouraged automaker to increasingly replace physical control elements with touchscreens for the center console interface. Whereas the physical elements provide natural haptic and auditory cues supporting interactions even when they are not visually attended to, touchscreen interactions necessitate visual attention because there is not much to feel on the flat screen. Therefore, in-vehicle touchscreens may lead drivers to divert more glances to the touchscreen and away from the roadway, possibly resulting in greater time with eyes off the road and serious safety concerns (Fitch et al., 2013; Olson, Hanowski, Hickman, & Bocanegra, 2009).

Vertical Load Path Under Static and Dynamic Loads in Concrete Crosstie and Fastening Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik R. Manda ◽  
Marcus Dersch ◽  
Ryan Kernes ◽  
Riley J. Edwards ◽  
David A. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Interface Characteristics ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads ◽  
Insight Into

An improved understanding of the vertical load path is necessary for improving the design methodology for concrete crossties and fastening systems. This study focuses on how the stiffness, geometry, and interface characteristics of system components affect the flow of forces in the vertical direction. An extensive field test program was undertaken to measure various forces, strains, displacements and rail seat pressures. A Track Loading Vehicle (TLV) was used to apply well-calibrated static loads. The TLV at slow speeds and moving freight and passenger consists at higher speeds were used to apply dynamic loads. Part of the analysis includes comparison of the static loads and the observed dynamic loads as a result of the trains passing over the test section at different speeds. This comparison helps define a dynamic loading factor that is needed for guiding design of the system. This study also focuses on understanding how the stiffness of the components in the system affects the flow of forces in the vertical direction. The study identifies that the stiffness of the support (ballast) underneath the crossties is crucial in determining the flow of forces. The advances made by this study provide insight into the loading demands on each component in the system, and will lead to improvements in design.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Total Volume Membrane Charge Density through Mathematical Modeling for Separation of Succinic Acid Aqueous Solutions on Ceramic Nanofiltration Membrane

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Marecka-Migacz ◽  
Piotr Tomasz Mitkowski ◽  
Jerzy Antczak ◽  
Jacek Różański ◽  
Krystyna Prochaska
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Membrane Charge ◽  
Insight Into

Nanofiltration of aqueous solutions of succinic acid with the addition of sodium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxycarbonate has been investigated experimentally and modeled with the comprehensively described Donnan–Steric partitioning model. The experimental retentions of acid at the same pH varied between 16% and 78%, while the estimated total volume membrane charge densities were in the range of −35.73 and +875.69 mol/m3. This work presents a novel insight into the modeling of nanofiltration and investigates the relations between the estimated total volume membrane charge densities, ionic strength, and component concentration on the performance of ceramic membrane. In addition, this study takes into consideration other parameters such as pH regulation and viscosities of solutions.

Custom-Tailoring Loose Nanofiltration Membrane for Precise Biomolecule Fractionation: New Insight into Post-Treatment Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 13327-13337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Guo ◽  
Xiangrong Chen ◽  
Yinhua Wan ◽  
Shichao Feng ◽  
Jianquan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Treatment Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
John R. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

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