scholarly journals Influence of relative humidity and low temperature hydrothermal degradation on fretting wear of Y-TZP dental ceramics

Wear ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 428-429 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Borrell ◽  
Lorena Gil ◽  
Alvaro Presenda ◽  
Maria D. Salvador ◽  
Jozef Vleugels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
Hydrothermal Degradation

Changes in Aerobic Plate and Escherichia coli–Coliform Counts and in Populations of Inoculated Foodborne Pathogens on Inshell Walnuts during Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. FRELKA ◽  
GORDON R. DAVIDSON ◽  
LINDA J. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Forced Air

ABSTRACT After harvest, inshell walnuts are dried using low-temperature forced air and are then stored in bins or silos for up to 1 year. To better understand the survival of bacteria on inshell walnuts, aerobic plate counts (APCs) and Escherichia coli–coliform counts (ECCs) were evaluated during commercial storage (10 to 12°C and 63 to 65% relative humidity) over 9 months. APCs decreased by 1.4 to 2.0 log CFU per nut during the first 5 months of storage, and ECCs decreased by 1.3 to 2.2 log CFU per nut in the first month of storage. Through the remaining 4 to 8 months of storage, APCs and ECCs remained unchanged (P > 0.05) or decreased by <0.15 log CFU per nut per month. Similar trends were observed on kernels extracted from the inshell walnuts. APCs and ECCs were consistently and often significantly higher on kernels extracted from visibly broken inshell walnuts than on kernels extracted from visibly intact inshell walnuts. Parameters measured in this study were used to determine the survival of five-strain cocktails of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella inoculated onto freshly hulled inshell walnuts (~8 log CFU/g) after simulated commercial drying (10 to 12 h; 40°C) and simulated commercial storage (12 months at 10°C and 65% relative humidity). Populations declined by 2.86, 5.01, and 4.40 log CFU per nut for E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively, after drying and during the first 8 days of storage. Salmonella populations changed at a rate of −0.33 log CFU per nut per month between days 8 and 360, to final levels of 2.83 ± 0.79 log CFU per nut. E. coli and L. monocytogenes populations changed by −0.17 log CFU per nut per month and −0.26 log CFU per nut per month between days 8 and 360, respectively. For some samples, E. coli or L. monocytogenes populations were below the limit of detection by plating (0.60 log CFU per nut) by day 183 or 148, respectively; at least one of the six samples was positive at each subsequent sampling time by either plating or by enrichment.

The Cause and Forecasting of Ice Fogs *

1953 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Appleman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Minimum Frequency ◽  
Ice Fog ◽  
Rare Phenomenon

Studies carried out in Alaska and Canada have shown that fog is a relatively rare phenomenon at temperatures between 0° and − 30°F, with a minimum frequency between − 20° and −30°. At still lower temperatures, however, the frequency of fog increases rapidly. This effect is noted only in the immediate vicinity of inhabited areas, such as towns and airfields. The reason for the sudden increase in fog frequency at these temperatures, and the rarity or lack of fog at the higher temperatures, has not been heretofore explained. In a recent study on aircraft condensation trails, it was shown that if the temperature is sufficiently low (between − 20 and − 40°F, depending on the relative humidity), the burning of hydrocarbon fuels, such as would occur in towns and at airfields, easily results in supersaturation of the air and a “surface contrail” or ice fog. At higher temperatures, on the other hand, combustion actually reduces the relative humidity of the atmosphere, hindering the formation of fog. In this paper it is shown that low-temperature (ice) fogs form as a result of the combustion process, and curves are presented showing the temperature-dew-point relationship necessary for the formation of such fogs.

scholarly journals COLD TOLERANCE OF BANANA FRUITS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO ALISON ALVES OLIVEIRA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
C Storage

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storages. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Clusters of three fruits were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with average temperature of 10.53±0.37°C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to temperatures of 22±0.39°C and evaluated for 16 days. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53±0.37°C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not completely ripened after transferred to the 22°C storage, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green peel and low soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of all cultivars complete the ripening when transferred to room temperature after 21 days of cold storage. Chilling injuries increased with cold storage time in all cultivars. The cultivars Nanicão, Caipira and Maçã had more symptoms of chilling injury, while Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to the cold storage (10.53°C) for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transferred to the 22±0.39°C storage.

Effective reduced graphene oxide sheets/hierarchical flower-like NiO composites for methanol sensing under high humidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 8638-8645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Zito ◽  
Tarcísio M. Perfecto ◽  
Cristiane S. Fonseca ◽  
Diogo P. Volanti
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets ◽  
Sensing Performance

We report the methanol sensing performance of reduced graphene oxide/hierarchical flower-like NiO under 90% of relative humidity and relatively low-temperature.

scholarly journals Fretting wear rate of sulphur deficient MoSx coatings based on dissipated energy

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 3567-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
W. Lauwerens ◽  
L. Stals ◽  
Jiawen He ◽  
J-P. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

The fretting wear of sulphur-deficient MoSx coatings with different crystallographic orientations has been investigated in ambient air of controlled relative humidity. The coefficient of friction and the wear rate of MoSx coatings sliding against corundum depend not only on fretting parameters like contact stress, fretting frequency, and relative humidity, but also strongly on the crystallographic orientation of the coatings. For randomly oriented MoSx coatings, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate increased significantly with increasing relative humidity. In contrast, basal-oriented MoSx coatings were less sensitive to relative humidity. The coefficient of friction of both types of MoSx coatings decreased on sliding against corundum with increasing contact stress and decreasing fretting frequency. A correlation between dissipated energy and wear volume is proposed. This approach allows detection in a simple way of differences in fretting wear resistance between random- and basal-oriented MoSx coatings tested in ambient air of different relative humidity.

Imbibition of seed of dry bean cultivars stored under high or low temperature and relative humidity conditions

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Jimenez ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
Frank N. Anderson ◽  
L.A. Pavlish
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURE OF STEEL DISC ON FRICTION AND FRETTING WEAR

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka LENART ◽  
Paweł PAWLUS ◽  
Andrzej DZIERWA ◽  
Mirosław TUPAJ
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Fretting tests were performed using an Optimol SRV5 tribotester in a ball-on-flat scheme. Balls from 100Cr6 steel of 60 HRC hardness and diameters of 10 mm co-acted with discs from 42CrMo4 steel of 47 HRC hardness under dry gross fretting conditions. Tests were performed at 300C and 25–35% relative humidity, and the number of cycles was 18000. During each test, the normal load was kept constant. Six sets of experiments were conducted. Discs had different surface textures as the result of machining. It was found that the lowest coefficients of friction were obtained for anisotropic surfaces when ball movements were perpendicular to main disc texture directions.

MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: II. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS AND AEDES ABSERRATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brust ◽  
R. A. Costello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere

AbstractOptimum storage conditions for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) were found to be a temperature of 2 °C and a saturated atmosphere. These conditions are also suitable for storing eggs of Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) but this species can be stored at lower temperatures. When eggs of both species are stored at 2 °C and placed in a hatching medium at 2 °C, hatching begins in A. abserratus but not in A. vexans. A comparable hatch in the latter occurs at 10°–15 °C. Desiccation and death of A. vexans embryos occur rapidly at a low relative humidity (20%) and a high temperature (21 °C) but slowly at low relative humidity and a low temperature (4 °C). Eggs that lose a substantial amount of water will still hatch and the larvae develop normally, but hatching time is delayed. The hatching time may be twice as long as in eggs kept in a saturated atmosphere at similar temperatures, indicating that embryos must regain some of the lost water before hatching can occur.

Solar Automated Greenhouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch de Santiago Rojas ◽  
Jorge Ivan Moncada Haaz ◽  
Felipe de J. Rabago Bernal ◽  
Adan Rodriguez Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
User Friendly

This paper describes the design and implementation of a solar powered automated greenhouse. The objectives are to automatically control the environment, irrigation, and fertilizer to plants in the greenhouse. Another aspect is that its operation is suitable for anyone without knowledge in greenhouses, computers, electronics, etc. Specific objectives are: Control the gain of the low temperature by means of a sensor and actuators that extract fans as hot air and introduce fresh air, and a lamp to increase the temperature if necessary. Control the relative humidity by means of a sensor and valves that open to introduce water and fertilize if necessary. Control the charge and discharge of the battery to avoid prejudicing its life. Develop a modular, user-friendly and simple to operate. Battery is charged by solar cells. This greenhouse can be installed in remote towns where electricity is not available.

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