Prediction of the Performance of Coked and Regenerated FCC Catalyst Mixtures

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 854-855

Author(s):

Clifford S. Rainey

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Catalyst Deactivation ◽

Coke Formation ◽

Acid Sites ◽

Y Zeolite ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽

High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

Download Full-text

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene plastic using spent FCC catalyst

Environmental Technology & Innovation ◽

10.1016/j.eti.2021.101455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101455

Author(s):

Eki Tina Aisien ◽

Ifechukwude Christopher Otuya ◽

Felix Aibuedefe Aisien

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Waste Polypropylene

Download Full-text

Diffusion of Heavy Oil in SiO2 Model Catalyst and FCC Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.158 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 158-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zi Yuan Liu ◽

Sheng Li Chen ◽

Peng Dong ◽

Xiu Jun Ge

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Pore Size ◽

Effective Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Pore Diameter ◽

Effective Diffusion ◽

Model Catalyst ◽

Average Pore ◽

Diffusion Factor ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Fcc Catalysts

Through the measured effective diffusion coefficients of Dagang vacuum residue supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) fractions in FCC catalysts and SiO2model catalysts, the relation between pore size of catalyst and effective diffusion coefficient was researched and the restricted diffusion factor was calculated. The restricted diffusion factor in FCC catalysts is less than 1 and it is 1~2 times larger in catalyst with polystyrene (PS) template than in conventional FCC catalyst without template, indicating that the diffusion of SFEF fractions in the two FCC catalysts is restricted by the pore. When the average molecular diameter is less than 1.8 nm, the diffusion of SFEF fractions in SiO2model catalyst which average pore diameter larger than 5.6 nm is unrestricted. The diffusion is restricted in the catalyst pores of less than 8 nm for SFEF fractions which diameter more than 1.8 nm. The tortuosity factor of SiO2model catalyst is obtained to be 2.87, within the range of empirical value. The effective diffusion coefficient of the SFEF fractions in SiO2model catalyst is two orders of magnitude larger than that in FCC catalyst with the same average pore diameter. This indicate that besides the ratio of molecular diameter to the pore diameter λ, the effective diffusion coefficient is also closely related to the pore structure of catalyst. Because SiO2model catalyst has uniform pore size, the diffusion coefficient can be precisely correlated with pore size of catalyst, so it is a good model material for catalyst internal diffusion investigation.

Download Full-text

An SEM Investigation of the Pozzolanic Activity of a Waste Catalyst from Oil Refinery

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927612013037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (S5) ◽

pp. 75-76

Author(s):

C. Costa ◽

P. Marques ◽

P. A. Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Zeolite Y ◽

Active Phase ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Fcc Catalyst ◽

Cement Based Materials

The most active phase of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, used in oil refinery, is zeolite-Y which is an aluminosilicate with a high internal and external surface area responsible for its high reactivity. Waste FCC catalyst is potentially able to be reused in cement-based materials - as an additive - undergoing a pozzolanic reaction with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) formed during cement hydration. This reaction produces additional strength-providing reaction products i.e., calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and hydrous calcium aluminates (C-A-H) which exact chemical formula and structure are still unknown. Partial replacement of cement by waste FCC catalyst has two key advantages: (1) lowering of cement production with the associated pollution reduction as this industry represents one of the largest sources of man-made CO2 emissions, and (2) improving the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials. Despite these advantages, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge on pozzolanic reaction mechanisms as well as spatial distribution of porosity and solid phases interactions at the microstructural level and consequently their relationship with macroscopical engineering properties of catalyst/cement blends.

Download Full-text