Oral Tolerance by a High Dose OVA in BALB/c Mice is More Pronounced and Persistent in Th2-Mediated Immune Responses than in Th 1 Responses

Immunobiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buim Kang ◽  
Kwang-Mi Kim ◽  
Chang-Yuil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Th 1

scholarly journals Intersection of Sex and Frailty in Humoral Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccine in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 271-272
Author(s):  
Janna Shapiro ◽  
Helen Kuo ◽  
Rosemary Morgan ◽  
Huifen Li ◽  
Sabra Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Abstract Older adults bear the highest burden of severe disease and complications associated with seasonal influenza, with annual vaccination serving as the best option for protection. Variability in vaccine efficacy exists, yet the host factors that affect immune responses to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that sex and frailty interact to affect vaccine-induced humoral responses among older adults. To test this hypothesis, community-dwelling adults above 75 years of age were recruited yearly, assessed for frailty (as defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria), and vaccinated with the high-dose trivalent IIV. Humoral immune responses were evaluated via hemagglutination inhibition titers. The study began during the 2014-2015 influenza season, with yearly cohorts ranging from 76-163 individuals. A total of 617 vaccinations were delivered from 2014-2019. In preliminary analyses, the outcome of interest was seroconversion, defined as ≥ 4-fold rise in titers. Crude odds ratios suggest that females are more likely to seroconvert to influenza A strains (H1N1: OR = 1.39, (0.98-1.96) ; H3N2: 1.17 (0.85 – 1.62)), while males are more likely to seroconvert to the B strain (OR = 0.85 (0.60 – 1.22)). Furthermore, this sex difference was modified by frailty – for example, the odds of seroconversion to H1N1 were 65% higher for females than males among those who were nonfrail, and only 30% higher among females who were frail. Together, these results suggest that sex and frailty interact to impact immune responses to influenza vaccines. These findings may be leveraged to better protect vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals The 3′ CCACCA Sequence of tRNAAla(UGC) Is the Motif That Is Important in Inducing Th1-Like Immune Response, and This Motif Can Be Recognized by Toll-Like Receptor 3

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Junjie Shao ◽  
Zhenghong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Anticodon Loop ◽  
T Helper ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT In this article, the immunogenicity of tRNA and the recognition of tRNA by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are analyzed. Analyses of the effects of different tRNAAla(UGC) fragments (tRNAAla1-76 [corresponding to positions 1 through 76], tRNAAla26-76, tRNAAla40-76, tRNAAla62-76, tRNAAla1-70, tRNAAla26-70, tRNAAla40-70, and tRNAAla62-70) on the immune responses of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were performed with BALB/c mice. Results show that tRNAAla1-76, tRNAAla26-76, tRNAAla40-76, and tRNAAla62-76 adjuvants not only induced stronger T helper (Th) 1 immune responses but also cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses relative to tRNAAla1-70, tRNAAla26-70, tRNAAla40-70, and tRNAAla62-70 adjuvants in HBsAg immunization. A deletion of the D loop (tRNAAla26-76), anticodon loop (tRNAAla40-76), or TψC (tRNAAla62-76) loop of tRNAAla(UGC) does not significantly decrease the adjuvant characteristic of tRNAAla(UGC). However a deletion of the 3′-end CCACCA sequence (tRNAAla1-70, tRNAAla26-70, tRNAAla40-70, and tRNAAla62-70) of tRNAAla(UGC) significantly decreased the adjuvant characteristic in Th1 and CTL immune responses. Moreover, the recognitions of different tRNAAla(UGC) fragments by TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were analyzed. Results show that a deletion of the 3′ CCACCA sequence of tRNAAla(UGC) significantly decreased the recognition by TLR3. We concluded that the 3′ CCACCA sequence of tRNAAla(UGC) is the important motif to induce Th1 and CTL responses and this motif can be effectively recognized by TLR3.

Immune responses to dietary antigens: oral tolerance

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Strobel ◽  
Allan McI Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Antigens

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Immunity toLeishmania majorInfection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Whitcomb ◽  
Mary DeAgostino ◽  
Mark Ballentine ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Martin Tenniswood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Th 1

Vitamin D signaling modulates a variety of immune responses. Here, we assessed the role of vitamin D in immunity to experimental leishmaniasis infection in vitamin D receptor-deficient mice (VDRKO). We observed that VDRKO mice on a genetically resistant background have decreasedLeishmania major-induced lesion development compared to wild-type (WT) mice; additionally, parasite loads in infected dermis were significantly lower at the height of infection. Enzymatic depletion of the active form of vitamin D mimics the ablation of VDR resulting in an increased resistance toL. major. Conversely, VDRKO or vitamin D-deficient mice on the susceptible Th2-biased background had no change in susceptibility. These studies indicate vitamin D deficiency, either through the ablation of VDR or elimination of its ligand, 1,25D3, leads to an increase resistance toL. majorinfection but only in a host that is predisposed for Th-1 immune responses.

scholarly journals IL-12 unmasks latent autoimmune disease in resistant mice.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Segal ◽  
E M Shevach
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Experimental Allergic

Inbred mice exhibit a spectrum of susceptibility to induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). We have compared the immune responses of the susceptible SJL (H-2s) and resistant B10.S (H-2s) strains to determine factors other than the MHC background which control resistance/susceptibility to EAE. The resistance of the B10.S strain was found to be secondary to an antigen-specific defect in the generation of Th 1 cells that produce IFN gamma. This defect in IFN gamma production could be restored by exposure of the myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells to IL-12 with the subsequent induction of the ability to transfer EAE to naive recipients. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic use of IL-12 and IL-12 antagonists and may explain the association between relapses/exacerbation of autoimmune disease and infectious diseases.

Humoral Immune Response to a Therapeutic Polyvalent Cancer Vaccine After Complete Resection of Thick Primary Melanoma and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew H. Chung ◽  
Rishab K. Gupta ◽  
Eddy Hsueh ◽  
Richard Essner ◽  
Wei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Vaccine Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Sentinel Lymphadenectomy

Purpose: A therapeutic polyvalent cancer vaccine (Canvaxin vaccine; CancerVax Corp, Carlsbad, CA) induces antibodies to a glycoprotein tumor-associated antigen (TA90). However, endogenous immune responses to TA90 have also been reported. This study examined anti-TA90 antibody responses with respect to the survival of patients who received adjuvant vaccine immunotherapy after resection of thick (≥ 4 mm) primary cutaneous melanoma. Patients and Methods: Serum specimens were obtained from 54 patients immediately before and then 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after wide local excision of thick primary cutaneous melanoma and sentinel lymphadenectomy. All patients were offered adjuvant therapies with the vaccine, high-dose interferon, or other agents. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serial serum titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against TA90. These titers were correlated with clinical course. Results: Forty-three patients chose vaccine therapy, and 11 patients chose postoperative observation. Preoperative anti-TA90 IgG and IgM titers were similar for vaccine and observation groups (P = .184). At a median follow-up of 26 months, univariate analysis of Cox regression showed that disease-free survival and overall survival of vaccine patients were significantly correlated with maximal IgM response (P = .0006 and .006, respectively) but not with maximal IgG response (P = .73 and .95, respectively). Neither response predicted survival in the observation group. Conclusion: Postoperative vaccine therapy may enhance IgG and IgM immune responses to TA90 after surgical resection, but only the IgM response is correlated with improved survival. These findings may become useful to guide selection of patients for postoperative adjuvant therapy of high-risk melanoma.

scholarly journals Superoxide dismutase A antigens derived from molecular analysis of sarcoidosis granulomas elicit systemic Th-1 immune responses

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon S Allen ◽  
Whitney Evans ◽  
James Carlisle ◽  
Rana Hajizadeh ◽  
Michele Nadaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Th 1

The Absence of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Augments Allo-Reactivity and the Anti-Viral Response in Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3267-3267
Author(s):  
Lauren T. Southerland ◽  
Jian-Ming Li ◽  
Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Cynthia Giver ◽  
Wayne Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mcmv Infection

Abstract Background: The severe morbidity and mortality associated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is caused by uninhibited immune responses to alloantigen and suppressed immune responses to pathogens. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is an immunomodulatory neuropeptide produced by T-cells and nerve fibers in peripheral lymphoid organs that suppresses immune responses by induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. In order to determine the immunoregulatory effects of VIP, we examined T-cell immune responses to allo- and viral-antigens in VIP knockout (KO) mice and mouse BMT recipients of hematopoietic cells from VIP KO donors. Methods: VIP KO mice and VIP WT littermates were infected with lethal or sub-lethal doses (5 × 104− 5 × 105 PFU) of murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) and the T-cell response to viral antigen was measured by flow cytometry for mCMV peptide-MHC class 1-tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells. We transplanted 5 × 106 BM plus 1 × 106 splenocytes (SP) either from VIP KO or VIP WT donors in an C57BL/6 to F1(BL/6 × Balb/c) allo-BMT model and assessed survival, GvHD, donor T-cell expansion, chimerism, and response to mCMV vaccination and mCMV infection. Results: B-cell, αβ and γδ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, CD11b+ myeloid cell, and dendritic cell numbers were equivalent between VIP KO and WT mice, while VIP KO mice had higher number of CD4+ and CD4+CD62L+CD25+ T-cells. Non-transplanted VIP KO mice survived mCMV infection better compared to VIP WT, with a brisker anti-viral T-cell response in the blood. In the allogeneic BMT setting, recipients of VIP KO BM plus VIP KO SP had more weight loss and lower (40%) 100 day post-transplant survival compared to the recipients of VIP KO BM plus WT SP (80% survival), recipients of WT BM plus KO SP (100% survival), and recipients of WT BM plus WT SP (80% survival). Recipients of VIP KO grafts had a significantly greater anti-mCMV response that peaked four days earlier than the tetramer response of mice transplanted with WT cells. This increased anti-viral response to vaccination correlated with a greater and more rapid T-cell response to secondary viral challenge. Conclusions: These experiments suggest that the absence of all VIP in the body, or the absence of VIP in a transplanted immune system, enhances anti-viral immunity and allo-immune responses. Modulation of the VIP pathway is a novel method to regulate post-transplant immunity. Figure 1: VIP knockout(KO) mice have an increased CMV tetramer response. VIP KO and VIP WT mice were infected (day 0) with either a sub-lethal low dose (5 × 10^4 PFU) or a lethal high dose (5 × 10^5 PFU) of CMV. Peripheral blood was stained for T cell markers and tetramer and analyzed by flow cytometry. On day 3, high dosed VIP KO mice had a higher number of tetramer positive CD8 T cells and better survival than WT mice (all high dose VIP WT died prior to day 10). VIP KO mice had a significant increase in tetramer positive CD8 T cells between days 3 and 10. *** p<0.01, difference between VIP KO and VIP WT littermate at designated dose level and day. Figure 1:. VIP knockout(KO) mice have an increased CMV tetramer response. VIP KO and VIP WT mice were infected (day 0) with either a sub-lethal low dose (5 × 10^4 PFU) or a lethal high dose (5 × 10^5 PFU) of CMV. Peripheral blood was stained for T cell markers and tetramer and analyzed by flow cytometry. On day 3, high dosed VIP KO mice had a higher number of tetramer positive CD8 T cells and better survival than WT mice (all high dose VIP WT died prior to day 10). VIP KO mice had a significant increase in tetramer positive CD8 T cells between days 3 and 10. *** p<0.01, difference between VIP KO and VIP WT littermate at designated dose level and day.

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